Design and test of controlling frequency circulating fan system in bulk curing barn.

Objective: Scientific control of wind speed between tobacco leaves can improve quality of tobacco after cured in bulk curing barn. Method: Regarding the light orange color after cured tobacco and high power consumption caused by inaccurate control of the current circulating fan, and different requirements for wind speed during the tobacco curing, this paper designed a variable frequency drive system (VDS) to control the rotation speed of the circulating fan. With the design of anti-interference components, the VDS is integrated with the curing controller. Results: The curing adoption of anti-interference for the VDS device will not affect the normal operation of the tobacco curing controller during tobacco curing. Compared with the traditional circulating fan with high speed and low speed options, the VDS device can accurately control the air speed during the tobacco curing process, and improve the economic characters and internal quality of cured tobacco. This paper is also to provide an alternative method in terms of ventilation and humidity removal for industrial and agricultural production.

Transmembrane protein TMEM97 and epigenetic reader BAHCC1 constitute an axis that supports pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a key etiology in retinal degenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. TMEM97 is a scarcely studied transmembrane protein recently implicated in retinal degeneration. BAH domain coiled coil 1 (BAHCC1) is a newly discovered histone code reader involved in oncogenesis. A role for TMEM97 and BAHCC1 in RPE inflammation was not known. Here we found that they constitute a novel axis regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RPE cells. Transcriptomic analysis using a TMEM97-/- ARPE19 human cell line and the validation via TMEM97 loss- and gain-of-function revealed a profound role of TMEM97 in promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL1ß and CCL2, and unexpectedly BAHCC1 as well. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation indicated an association between the TMEM97 and BAHCC1 proteins. While TMEM97 ablation decreased and its overexpression increased NFκB (p50, p52, p65), the master transcription factor for pro-inflammatory cytokines, silencing BAHCC1 down-regulated NFκB and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in an RPE-damage retinal degeneration mouse model, immunofluorescence illustrated down-regulation of IL1ß and CCL2 total proteins and suppression of glial activation in the retina of Tmem97-/- mice compared to Tmem97+/+ mice. Thus, TMEM97 is a novel determinant of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression acting via a previously unknown TMEM97- > BAHCC1- > NFκB cascade. SYNOPSIS: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) inflammation can lead to blindness. We identify here a previously uncharacterized cascade that underlies RPE cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, transmembrane protein TMEM97 positively regulates the recently discovered histone code reader BAHCC1, which in turn enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the transcription factor NFκB.