A New Scoring System of Oral Lichen Planus.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder increasingly becoming common in the general population with female predominance. Clinically, there are different forms of lichen planus with the presence of the main characteristic feature of Wickham striae. Literature, to date, is abundant with various scoring systems of oral lichen planus, and among them, the most commonly followed scoring system was the one proposed by the Thongprasom system because of its simplicity and ease of application. Aim: The aim of the present study is to critically review all the disease scoring systems on oral lichen planus (OLP) that have been reported in the literature during the past decades. A systematic literature search was performed using PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE Library with language restriction to English. The search was carried out incorporating the published literature from 1980 to 2020 using the MeSH (medical subject heading) terms. A literature search was done using keywords: Staging, Grading, Oral lichen planus, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic. Out of 25 publications, related to search strategy, 22 full articles, which were related to the disease scoring system for oral lichen planus, were acquired for further inspection. Out of the 22 articles, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The data was collected and a brief summary of the studies regarding the different disease scoring systems for oral lichen planus was explained. Taking into consideration, the parameters were not included in the previous disease scoring system. A new proposal encompassing a scoring system for oral lichen planus considering the missing parameters along with an amalgamation of histopathological criteria of dysplasia is presented. It also proposes to grade and stage the lesions and recommend appropriate therapy for each of such lesions.

Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Conditions/Lesions: A Clinical and Biochemical Study.

Background: Oral cancer encompasses all malignancies that originate in the oral tissues and remains a major public health problem throughout the world as an important case of poor health and illness. Head and neck cancer accounts for 9.8% of the estimated 6,44,600 incidental cancer cases in India. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a serious and developing concern globally, accounting for more than 90% of malignant cancers of the oral cavity. Salivary diagnostics have been demonstrated to have potential in the detection and screening of oral pre-cancer and cancer in a variety of research settings. The continual and close contact between saliva and the mucosa, where cancer develops, is the foundation of this diagnostic capability. Materials and Methods: This research utilized spectrophotometry to quantify Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum and saliva of 30 healthy people which consisted the control group and 31 Oral Potentially Malignant people which constituted the study group. Results: On estimation and comparison, the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (397.4968+71.6392 IU/L) and saliva (675.4935+139.3352 IU/L) among patients with Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions were higher than the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (390.8667+71.0953 IU/L) and saliva (201.3700+89.1439 IU/L) among controls. Conclusion: Higher serum and salivary LDH levels in Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions than in control groups signifies the importance of assessing salivary LDH levels, in the prognosis of the same. Further prospective longitudinal studies are required to assess the salivary LDH levels among the patients with malignant transformation of Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions to oral cancers.

Acceptability of fully guided virtual implant planning software among dental undergraduate students.

BACKGROUND: Fully guided implant surgery as a technique is gaining popularity. It has been observed that use of surgical guides improves precision and predictability for dental implant placement. However, like any other newer technology, the acceptance of fully guided dental implant technology among users is based upon its perceived usability. This study aimed at evaluating the perception about using Virtual Implant Planning Software (VIPS) among undergraduate dental students at the university of Sharjah. METHODS: Ninety-Six dental surgery students from the University of Sharjah were included in the study. One week after the Virtual Implant Planning Software (Planmeca Romexis version 6.2 procedure, students were asked to complete a Combined technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behaviour (C-TAM TPB) questionnaire. Sixty-six students responded to the questionnaire. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha surpassed 0.7 for perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. Attitude and behavioural intention reported Cronbach's alpha values less than 0.7. Spearman's correlation coefficient was significant for all the constructs. Perceived ease of use explained 49%, 33%, and 42% of the variance of perceived usefulness (R2 = 0.49), attitude (R2 = 0.33), and perceived behavioral control (R2 = 0.42) respectively. Perceived usefulness explained 25%, 18%, and 23% of the variance of attitude (R2 = 0.25), behavioral intention (R2 = 0.18), and perceived behavioral control (R2 = 0.23) respectively. Attitude accounted for 25%, 33%, and 29% of the variance of behavioral intention (R2 = 0.25), perceived behavioral control (R = 0.33), and subjective norm (R = 0.29) respectively. CONCLUSION: The fully guided VIPS was acceptable by dental students specifically because of its usability. This makes VIPS a very effective tool for teaching implantology for dental students. VIPS also allows students to perform multiple repetitions of the implant planning procedure which enhances understanding and content retention.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a systematic review of case reports and case series from a global perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is the most common variant and the presenting features in the head and neck region are seldom pathognomonic. The aim of this systematic review was to obtain a thorough insight into the predisposing factors, clinical features, disease course, management protocol, outcome, and prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic search was carried out using MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Articles in which the clinical findings on the extra- and intraoral features of RCM were included for systematic review. Descriptive statistics was applied to obtain the results. RESULTS: A total of 124 case studies (90 case reports, 34 case series) which yielded 219 patients. Diabetes mellitus (57.40%) was the most common comorbid condition. Neurologic manifestations were noted in 23.3% of the individuals. Maxillary/hard palate involvement was a common occurrence (59.2%). Intra-oral necrotic lesions with eschar were noted in 75/219 patients. Amphotericin B was the commonly used drug for the management, and surgical debridement was performed in majority of the cases. The mortality rate was 18.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations often mimic odontogenic symptoms, hence a sound knowledge about the pathogenesis and course of the disease will aid in the prompt diagnosis and management.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of non-surgical adjunctive use of the 980-nm diode laser to conventional periodontal flap procedure-a randomised controlled split-mouth clinical trial.

Lasers have been found to be effective as an adjunctive in periodontal therapy. The objective of the study was to compare the outcomes of non-surgical adjunctive use of 980-nm diode laser to that of conventional flap surgery in terms of clinical outcome measures and radiographic osseous defect depths. This study was designed as a double-blinded split-mouth randomised controlled clinical trial. A total of fifteen patients (30 quadrants) with generalised periodontitis stage III grade B were randomly assigned test group (diode laser) and control group (conventional flap surgery). Both test and control groups had 15 quadrants each. At 3 months, the probing pocket depth (PPD) was 3.46 ± 0.19 mm (test) and 4.20 ± 0.20 mm (control), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.01). Similarly, at 6 months re-evaluation, PPD was 1.46 ± 0.12 mm (test) and 2.33 ± 0.13 mm (control) with a highly significant statistical difference (p = 0.001). Plaque index showed a difference between both test and control groups at baseline, 3 months and 6 months (p = 0.001) while gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index and radiographic osseous defect depth showed a difference at 3 months and 6 months (p = 0.001). Within the study's limitations, 980-nm diode laser can result in significant improvements in the clinical and radiographic parameters and is very well tolerated by the subjects.

The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in Detection of Oral Cancer.

AIM: The early detection of oral cancer (OC) at the earliest stage significantly increases survival rates. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in diagnostic medicine. This study aimed to critically analyse the available evidence concerning the utility of AI in the diagnosis of OC. Special consideration was given to the diagnostic accuracy of AI and its ability to identify the early stages of OC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the date of inception to December 2021, 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and OVID) were searched. Three independent authors selected studies on the basis of strict inclusion criteria. The risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool. Of the 606 initial records, 17 studies with a total of 7245 patients and 69,425 images were included. Ten statistical methods were used to assess AI performance in the included studies. Six studies used supervised machine learning, whilst 11 used deep learning. The results of deep learning ranged with an accuracy of 81% to 99.7%, sensitivity 79% to 98.75%, specificity 82% to 100%, and area under the curve (AUC) 79% to 99.5%. RESULTS: Results obtained from supervised machine learning demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 43.5% to 100%, sensitivity of 94% to 100%, specificity 16% to 100%, and AUC of 93%. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear consensus regarding the best AI method for OC detection. AI is a valuable diagnostic tool that represents a large evolutionary leap in the detection of OC in its early stages. Based on the evidence, deep learning, such as a deep convolutional neural network, is more accurate in the early detection of OC compared to supervised machine learning.

Serum ceruloplasmin as cancer marker in oral pre-cancers and cancers.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oxidative stress leads to a compensatory increase in levels of serum ceruloplasmin in patients with such imbalances. Greater than normal serum ceruloplasmin levels are noticed in numerous cancers including the leukemias and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of the present study was to estimate and evaluate the efficacy of serum ceruloplasmin levels as a potential biomarker in the early detection of oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions (PMELs) including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present observational study was conducted over a period of 2 years wherein 100 subjects aged between 18 to 60 years were divided into four groups with Group A consisting of 25 healthy controls, Group B and C with 25 patients each, clinically diagnosed with oral leukoplakia and OSMF and Group D with 25 patients clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven OSCC. The patients were subjected to incisional biopsy after routine hematological investigation while the same sera samples were used for analysis of serum ceruloplasmin levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of serum ceruloplasmin levels between the groups was performed using one way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) test while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to be 43.19 ± 1.90mg/dl in subjects of group A, 47.68 ± 1.51mg/dl in group B, 47.74 ± 1.45mg/dl in group C and 47.73 ± 0.74mg/dl in group D. Using one-way ANOVA, statistically significant variations were found in the values of mean serum ceruloplasmin levels in subjects of the four groups (F-value = 59.58, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The observations of the present study revealed that serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to be raised in all 3 study groups including oral leukoplakia, OSMF and OSCC as compared to the controls while the results were found to be statistically significant.

Focus on periodontal engineering by 3D printing technology ­ a systematic review / Enfoque en la ingeniería periodontal mediante la tecnología de impresión 3D: una revisión sistemática

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells is an emerging area of research but has not been explored yet in the context of periodontal tissue engineering. Objetive: This study reports on the optimization of the 3D bioprinting scaffolds and tissues used that could be applied clinically to seniors for the regenerative purpose to meet individual patient treatment needs. Material and Methods: We methodically explored the printability of various tissues (dentin pulp stem/progenitor cells, periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells, alveolar bone stem/progenitor cells, advanced platelet-rich fibrin and injected platelet-rich fibrin) and scaffolds using 3D printers pertaining only to periodontal defects. The influence of different printing parameters with the help of scaffold to promote periodontal regeneration and to replace the lost structure has been evaluated. Results: This systematic evaluation enabled the selection of the most suited printing conditions for achieving high printing resolution, dimensional stability, and cell viability for 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. Conclusion: The optimized bioprinting system is the first step towards the reproducible manufacturing of cell laden, space maintaining scaffolds for the treatment of periodontal lesions.

La bioimpresión tridimensional (3D) de células es un área emergente de investigación, pero aún no se ha explorado en el contexto de la ingeniería de tejidos periodontales. Objetivo: Este estudio informa sobre la optimización de los tejidos y andamios de bioimpresión 3D utilizados que podrían aplicarse a personas mayores en el entorno clínico con fines regenerativos para satisfacer las necesidades de tratamiento de cada paciente. Material y Métodos: Exploramos metódicamente la capacidad de impresión de varios tejidos (células madre / progenitoras de la pulpa de dentina, células madre / progenitoras del ligamento periodontal, células madre / progenitoras de hueso alveolar, fibrina rica en plaquetas avanzada y fibrina rica en plaquetas inyectada) y andamios utilizando impresoras 3D que pertenecen solo a defectos periodontales. Se ha evaluado la influencia de diferentes parámetros de impresión con la ayuda de andamios para promover la regeneración periodontal y reemplazar la estructura perdida. Resultados: Esta evaluación sistemática permitió la selección de las condiciones de impresión más adecuadas para lograr una alta resolución de impresión, estabilidad dimensional y viabilidad celular para la bioimpresión 3D de células del ligamento periodontal. Conclusión: El sistema de bioimpresión optimizado es el primer paso hacia la fabricación reproducible de andamios de mantenimiento de espacio cargados de células para el tratamiento de lesiones periodontales

Assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review / Avaliação do nível ósseo alveolar e envolvimento da furca em doenças periodontais usando a Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico odontológica: uma revisão sistemática

The advent of CBCT has contributed significantly to dental imaging. In the field of periodontics, CBCT provides a multi-planar view to assess the alveolar bone in three dimensions. This helps the dentist to make measurements at any location that could significantly improve periodontal diagnosis. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the accuracy of using CBCT in the assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases. Material and Methods: PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases were searched for literature related to the application of CBCT in periodontal diseases. Keywords used for the search were CBCT, furcation involvement, measurement and their synonyms. Results: Fifteen full-text English language research papers were eligible for the systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion: From the results of the systematic review it can be concluded that conebeam computed tomography imaging technique offers significantly reliable images of the furcation involvement and height of the alveolar bone. (AU)

O advento da Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) contribuiu significativamente para a imageologia. No campo da periodontia, a TCFC fornece uma visão multiplano para avaliar o osso alveolar em três dimensões. Isso ajuda o dentista a fazer medições em qualquer local que possa melhorar significativamente o diagnóstico periodontal. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a precisão do uso da TCFC na avaliação do nível ósseo alveolar e do envolvimento da furca em doenças periodontais. Material e Métodos: As bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e Google Scholar foram pesquisadas na literatura relacionada à aplicação da TCFC em doenças periodontais. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a pesquisa foram TCFC, envolvimento da furca, mensuração e seus sinônimos. Resultados: Quinze trabalhos de pesquisa em inglês com texto completo foram elegíveis para a revisão sistemática usando as diretrizes do PRISMA. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados da revisão sistemática, pode-se concluir que a técnica de imagem por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico oferece imagens significativamente confiáveis do envolvimento da furca e da altura do osso alveolar.(AU)

Embracing Personalized Medicine in Dentistry.

AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the number of articles in the area of personalized medicine specific to dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic search using three databases was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus search. RESULTS: Results suggest that there is a definite need for more awareness and research pertaining to this specific area. CONCLUSION: With this background, the authors have written a comprehensive review on applications of personalized medicine in various branches of dentistry.

A Newly Proposed Regression Equation for Mixed Dentition Analysis Using the Sum of the Width of Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors and Permanent Mandibular First Molars as a Predictor of Width of Unerupted Canine and Premolars

Objective: To determine linear regression equation to predict the mesiodistal widths of the permanent canines and premolars based on the sum of the widths of the two permanent mandibular first molars and two mandibular central incisors. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 800 (400 males and 400 females) permanent dentition casts of Chhattisgarh population. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. The correlation and linear regression equations between the calculated four teeth (two permanent mandibular first molars and two central incisors) and the canine-premolars segments of both the arches were developed. Results: No significant differences were found in right and left side of the arch. Sexual dimorphism was significant in teeth sizes with higher mesiodistal dimension in males. A good correlation values varying from 0.51 to 0.67 was found. New standardized regression equations were formulated for the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars for Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Calculating mesiodistal widths of unerupted canine and premolars with help of two permanent mandibular molars and two mandibular central incisors, which erupt early in the oral cavity, can be an alternative and best predictor for the mixed dentition analysis.

Oral and periodontal features of autosomal recessive syndromes: a tabular review / Características oral e periodontal de síndromes autossômicas recessivas: uma revisão tabular

Objective: To systematically review the data and results of case reports of autosomal recessive syndromes associated with periodontitis. Material and Methods: An internet search using Google and PubMed search engine and keywords- autosomal recessive, periodontitis, syndromes, periodontium and gingiva was carried out. Full-text articles in the English language of all the case reports and reviews that were published in journals from the year 1966 to 2016 were obtained and evaluated and presented in tabular form. Abstracts and articles published in other languages were not included in the review. Results: The data available from the clinical trials were analyzed and presented under broad headings of, systemic features, dental features, periodontal features and laboratory findings presented in tabular form. Conclusion: Many autosomal recessive syndromes with dental component also present with changes or alteration in the periodontium thus stressing the fact that thorough periodontal examination is important during the medical evaluation of patients with syndromes (AU)

Objetivo: Analisar sistematicamente os dados e resultados de relatos de caso de síndromes autossômicas recessivas associadas à periodontite. Material e Métodos: realizou-se uma pesquisa na internet usando os sites Google e PubMed com as palavras-chave: autossômica recessiva, periodontite, síndromes, periodonto e gengiva. Os critérios de inclusão foram restritos aos artigos em texto completo em língua inglesa, relatos de casos e revisões publicados em periódicos de 1966 a 2016. Resumos e artigos publicados em outras línguas não foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Os dados extraídos de cada estudo foram agrupados da seguinte forma: as síndromes associadas a características sistêmicas, aos achados dentários e aos achados periodontais, apresentados no formato de tabelas. Conclusões: Diversas síndromes autossômicas recessivas que apresentam alterações dentárias também podem apresentar alterações no periodonto, ressaltando assim, o fato de que o exame periodontal completo é importante durante a avaliação médica de pacientes com síndromes (AU)

A New Regression Equation Proposed For Mixed Dentition Analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India Population

Objective: To develop and propose a new regression for mixed dentition analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India population. Material and Methods: The permanent dentition dental casts of 800 (400 males and 400 females) Chhattisgarh subjects were selected. Digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal crown widths of teeth. The linear regression equations and correlation between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of maxillary and mandibular arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation) and proposed for Chhattisgarh population. Results: New standardized regression equations were formulated to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars especially for Chhattisgarh, Central India population. The equation in males for maxillary arch was Y = 11.90 + 0.39 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y = 12.23 + 0.36 (X). Similarly, the equation in females for maxillary arch was Y = 14.40 + 0.26 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y= 10.26 + 0.43 (X). A significant sexual dimorphism in teeth sizes was seen with higher mesio distal dimension in males in Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Sum of the mesiodistal diameter of permanent mandibular incisors can be used reliably to predict/estimate the sum of mesiodistal diameters of unerupted canines and premolars with the new regression equations.

Sialic acid as a biomarker of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.

BACKGROUND: Carcinogenesis is a multistep process where a healthy cell has initially a precancerous stage and finally an early cancerous stage. The process of carcinogenesis can be divided into three stages of initiation, promotion, and progression. In this process, there is increased turnover, secretion, and/or shedding from malignant cells. Glycoproteins like sialic acid are expressed on the cell surface. In oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer (OC), the sialic acid level is seen to increase due to high cell turnover and shedding of malignant cells which, in turn, results in the release of glycoproteins like sialic acid into circulation. Glycoproteins also form an important constituent of salivary mucins and hence due to the same mechanism, an increase in sialic acid level is also seen in saliva. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to estimate serum and salivary sialic acid levels in healthy controls, patients with OPMDs and patients with OC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this observational cross-sectional study, serum and salivary sialic acid levels were estimated in thirty healthy controls, thirty patients with OPMDs and thirty patients with OC. RESULTS: Serum and salivary sialic acid levels obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Post hoc Tukey test was used to compare the serum and salivary sialic acid levels of the two study groups to the control group. ANOVA test was used for the comparison of sialic acid levels between the groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlation (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). The mean serum and salivary sialic acid levels were increased significantly in subjects with OPMDs and OC when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high expression of sialic acid on outer cell membranes, due to the significant increase in subjects with OPMDs and OC when compared to healthy controls. A significant increase in sialic acid level is also seen in saliva. Hence, it can be stated that saliva can be used as a reliable, noninvasive tool in diagnosis and management of OPMDs and OC.

Serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels as biomarkers of tissue damage among cigarette smokers. A biochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study lactate dehydrogenase levels were estimated in 30 healthy individuals with no tobacco related habits and in 30 patients with history of smoking cigarettes for a minimum of 2 years using Spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The mean values for serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher in cigarette smokers when compared to non-smokers. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels on comparison between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.04). The values of salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels between the groups was highly significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking leads to an increase in serum as well as salivary Lactate dehydrogenase levels as indicator of tissue damage in the oral cavity. The present study indicates saliva as a better test medium than serum in determination of lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Status of trace elements in saliva of oral precancer and oral cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Several studies in recent years have linked association between micronutrient levels and various forms of cancer. Copper and zinc have been the most researched micronutrients. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of copper, zinc and iron in saliva of patients with oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: There was a highly significant increase in the level of salivary copper in oral submucous fibrosis patients when compared to controls (P = 0.001). Salivary copper levels were also elevated in oral leukoplakia and oral cancer patients (P = 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the salivary zinc levels in all three study groups when compared to controls (P = 0.001). A highly significant reduction in salivary iron levels was noticed oral submucous fibrosis group. The copper to zinc ratio significantly increased in all the study groups when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that salivary copper zinc and iron could be used as biomarkers for oral precancer and cancer.

Talon cusp variations: 2 case reports.

Talon cusps in anterior teeth are relatively rare developmental anomalies. They are characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cementoenamel junction. Facial talons occur very rarely; <10 cases have been described in the literature. This article attempts to describe the variants of this anomaly with 2 case reports involving facial and bilateral palatal manifestation.

A rare variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst with ameloblastoma presentation.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a rare entity which was first described by Gorlin, and also accounts for 1% of the jaw cysts according to Shear. Due to its diverse histopathology and variable clinical features, there has been a doubt regarding its nature as a cyst or a neoplasm. In this report we present a case of calcifying odontogenic cyst with mural ameloblastomatous presentation in the left body of the mandible in a 19-year-old male patient. This is the 15th case of ameloblastomatous COC being documented in literature.

Status of salivary lipid peroxidation in oral cancer and precancer.

INTRODUCTION: Lipid oxidation gives rise to number of secondary by-products. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the principal and most widely studied product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation. This aldehyde is a highly toxic molecule and should be considered as more than just a marker of lipid peroxidation in oral carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Salivary malondiadldehyde was evaluated in 65 healthy controls (HC), 115 subjects with oral, potentially malignant disorders (PMD) and 50 subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using the Thiobarbituric-Trichloroacetitic acid (TBA-TCA) method. RESULTS: A consistent elevation in the levels of salivary MDA was observed in HC with tobacco related habits, subjects with PMD and subjects with OSCC. The elevation in the salivary MDA was significant (P = 0.001) in the groups PMD and OSCC and group OSCC when compared to HC. CONCLUSION: The significant and encouraging findings of this study thus validate and reinforce that salivary malodialdehyde analysis can be used as an efficient, noninvasive tool for the early diagnosis of PMD and OSCC for planning comprehensive treatment protocol.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face: A case report with review of literature.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F) has been described as a disorder in which mature lipocytes invade adjacent tissues in the facial region. Its etiology and pathogenesis is unknown. The tumor is congenital in origin and occurs in infancy or early childhood. It is unencapsulated and characterized by diffuse infiltration of mature adipose tissue over normal muscle fibers, rapid growth, associated osseous hyperplasia, and a high recurrence rate postsurgical intervention. Due to its diffuse infiltration and involvement of important facial structures, complete surgical excision is often impossible. CIL-F is rare and there are only a few cases reported in the available literature. We present the case of a 17-year-old female, who reported with the complaint of recurrent unilateral facial swelling, with a history of two previous resections.