RESUMO
It is increasingly recognized that differences in overall survival and toxicity exist between Asian and caucasian patients with small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer, with a longer survival, higher response rates and greater toxicity to chemotherapy and targeted therapy reported in Asian patients. Two global studies are used to illustrate how the proportions of Asian patients can influence survival outcome. Ethnicity is an important and complex characteristic that should considered in the design and conduct of a global clinical study, as the safety, tolerability and response may vary between Asian and caucasian patients. Whether ethnic differences in lung cancer survival are attributed to genetic differences among races or are simply a surrogate marker of differences in access to healthcare because of socioeconomic differences is unclear. Carefully designed prospective studies investigating ethnic-specific determinants of sensitivity and toxicity to systemic therapy are warranted.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Povo Asiático , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etnologia , População Branca , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Células Dendríticas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Medula Óssea/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
The treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was revolutionized by the development of imatinib mesylate, a small molecule inhibitor of several protein tyrosine kinases, including the ABL1 protein tyrosine kinase. The current second generation of FDA-approved ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and nilotinib, are more potent inhibitors of BCR-ABL1 kinase in vitro. Originally approved for the treatment of patients who were refractory to or intolerant of imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib are now also FDA approved in the first-line setting. The choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ie, standard or high dose imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib) to use for initial therapy in chronic-phase CML (CML-CP) will not always be obvious. Therapy selection will depend on both clinical and molecular factors, which we will discuss in this review.