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1.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 178(4): 382-404, 2018 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28981844

RESUMO

Biological and physical retrospective dosimetry are recognised as key techniques to provide individual estimates of dose following unplanned exposures to ionising radiation. Whilst there has been a relatively large amount of recent development in the biological and physical procedures, development of statistical analysis techniques has failed to keep pace. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the art in uncertainty analysis techniques across the 'EURADOS Working Group 10-Retrospective dosimetry' members, to give concrete examples of implementation of the techniques recommended in the international standards, and to further promote the use of Monte Carlo techniques to support characterisation of uncertainties. It is concluded that sufficient techniques are available and in use by most laboratories for acute, whole body exposures to highly penetrating radiation, but further work will be required to ensure that statistical analysis is always wholly sufficient for the more complex exposure scenarios.


Assuntos
Doses de Radiação , Radiometria/métodos , Incerteza , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Monitoramento de Radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Medição de Risco/métodos
2.
Radiat Res ; 170(6): 698-710, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19138037

RESUMO

After the accident that took place on 26 April 1986 at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, hundreds of thousands of cleanup workers were involved in emergency measures and decontamination activities. In the framework of an epidemiological study of leukemia and other related blood diseases among Ukrainian cleanup workers, individual bone marrow doses have been estimated for 572 cases and controls. Because dose records were available for only about half of the study subjects, a time-and-motion method of dose reconstruction that would be applicable to all study subjects, whether dead or alive, was developed. The doses were calculated in a stochastic mode, thus providing estimates of uncertainties. The arithmetic mean individual bone marrow doses were found to range from 0.00004 to 3,300 mGy, with an average value of 87 mGy over the 572 study subjects. The uncertainties, characterized by the geometric standard deviation of the probability distribution of the individual dose, varied from subject to subject and had a median value of about 2. These results should be treated as preliminary; it is likely that the dose calculations and particularly the uncertainty estimates will be improved in the follow-up of this effort.


Assuntos
Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Doses de Radiação , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/epidemiologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/epidemiologia , Radiometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Ucrânia/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos
3.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 56(6): 917-29, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12102352

RESUMO

A method for evaluating the overall uncertainty of alanine EPR transfer dosimetry in the therapeutic dose range is described. The method uses experimental data on EPR signal reproducibility from replicate dosimeters irradiated to low doses (1-5 Gy), estimates of Type B uncertainties, and Monte Carlo simulations of heteroscedastic orthogonal linear regression. A Bruker ECS106 spectrometer and Bruker alanine dosimeters have been used for this evaluation. The results demonstrate that alanine dosimetry can be used for transfer dosimetry in that range with the overall uncertainty 1.5-4% (1sigma) depending on the dose, the number of replicate dosimeters. and the duration of the calibration session (the session should not exceed one working day).


Assuntos
Alanina/uso terapêutico , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/uso terapêutico , Calibragem , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Método de Monte Carlo , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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