[Pentalogy of Cantrell: first trimester prenatal diagnosis and association with multicistic dysplastic kidney]. / Pentalogia di Cantrell: diagnosi prenatale nel primo trimestre ed associazione con la displasia renale multicistica.

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital anomaly consisting of the following features: 1) midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defects; 2) deficiency of the anterior diaphragm; 3) defects in the diaphragmatic pericardium; 4) defects of the lower sternum; 5) congenital intracardiac defects. We report 3 cases of pentalogy of Cantrell diagnosed respectively at 13, 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. In case 1 Cantrell's pentalogy was diagnosed during the 1(st) trimester. Case 2 revealed the coexistence of cystic hygroma. Case 3 showed an association with dysplastic left kidney and mild pyelectasis of the right kidney. Our results confirm the possibility of an early detection of Cantrell's pentalogy and reveal the possibility of associations with other pathological findings.

[Fetal obstructive uropathies: prenatal diagnosis, prenatal and postnatal management]. / Uropatie ostruttive fetali: diagnosi prenatale, management pre e postnatale.

The urinary tract obstruction may depend by: ureteropelvic junction obstruction, vesicoureteric reflux, posterior urethral valves, megacystis-microcolon syndrome. Hydronephrosis accounts for 75% of prenatally diagnosed fetal renal abnormalities with, in many cases, renal dysplasia, oligohydramnios and Potter's sequence. With ultrasound is possible to diagnose most urinary tract obstructions that occurs in 1% of all pregnancy, but only 0.2% have clinical relevance. We have conceived an ultrasonographic protocol to evaluate the renal and urinary tract morphology, the cystis, the amniotic fluid and the external genitalia for a more easy ultrasonographic diagnosis and for the exact pre and postnatal management.