RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The human genome is the complete set of genetic instructions encoded in an individual's DNA. Genetics plays an important role in the development and progression of muscle injuries. Many genes are involved in muscle development, growth, and repair, and variations in these genes can affect an athlete's susceptibility to muscle injury. SPECIFIC GENES: Several genes have been linked to muscle injury, such as myostatin (MSTN), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and several collagen genes (COL). In addition to genes involved in muscle development, growth, and repair, genes involved in inflammation and pain signaling, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), mu opioid receptor (OPRM1), and interleukin (IL) genes, may also play a role in the development and progression of muscle injury. GENETIC TESTS: Genetic testing can be a helpful tool in the prevention of muscle injuries in athletes. Testing for variations in genes associated with muscle development, repair, and growth, as well as collagen formation, can provide valuable information about an athlete's susceptibility to muscle injury. It is important to note that while genetic testing can provide valuable information for injury prevention, it is only one piece of the puzzle. Other factors such as an individual's training history, general health, and lifestyle habits also play a role in injury risk. Therefore, all injury prevention strategies should be individualized and based on a comprehensive assessment of all relevant factors.