Recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on tyrosine kinase inhibitors: risk assessment, stratification, treatment and monitoring

ABSTRACT This manuscript summarizes the results of the consensus meeting composed of hematologists and cardiologists to establish recommendations for the prevention and follow-up of cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) from the point of view of clinical practice and from the perspective of hematology consultation.In the first medical appointment, the CV risk factors should be identified to perform the baseline risk stratification, based on the Brazilian Guideline of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention Update (risk levels: very high, high, intermediate and low).Once stratified, the treatment of the CV risk factors should be administered. If the patient presents risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, smoking and hypercholesterolemia, the evaluation and initial treatment may be done by the hematologist, being an option the request for evaluation by a specialist. If the patient has a history of previous CV disease, we recommend referral to a specialist. As the CV risk score is dynamic and the control of risk factors can reduce the patient risk, this expert consensus recommends that the re-evaluation of the CV risk after the baseline should be performed at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. After this period, it should be done annually and, for specific patients, at the clinician's discretion.The evaluation of the baseline CV risk and the safe administration of a TKI allow the patient to benefit from the maximum treatment, avoiding unwanted effects.

Reaching Across the Aisle: Cardio-Oncology Advocacy and Program Building.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study aims to assess the current state of cardio-oncology in reference to advocacy efforts, access to care, and perspective of stakeholders in their ability to provide patient care as well as development of "across the aisle" synergy among cardiologists and oncologists and academic and non-academic centers in various worldwide locations. RECENT FINDINGS: During the last decade, there has been a significant and diverse growth in cardio-oncology. We reviewed the experience from cardiologists and oncologists across different healthcare systems, the global trends, the role of collaborative networks, and the importance of advocacy efforts. Cardio-oncology will continue to grow, but there is an unmet need to increase awareness, improve education, and expand access to care to larger segments of the cancer population in order to have a more significant impact on their health. The growing collaboration through professional societies and collaborative networks provides an opportunity to advance the cardiovascular care of cancer patients to meet the projected needs in a growing and more diverse population.

Recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on tyrosine kinase inhibitors: risk assessment, stratification, treatment and monitoring.

This manuscript summarizes the results of the consensus meeting composed of hematologists and cardiologists to establish recommendations for the prevention and follow-up of cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) from the point of view of clinical practice and from the perspective of hematology consultation. In the first medical appointment, the CV risk factors should be identified to perform the baseline risk stratification, based on the Brazilian Guideline of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention Update (risk levels: very high, high, intermediate and low). Once stratified, the treatment of the CV risk factors should be administered. If the patient presents risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, smoking and hypercholesterolemia, the evaluation and initial treatment may be done by the hematologist, being an option the request for evaluation by a specialist. If the patient has a history of previous CV disease, we recommend referral to a specialist. As the CV risk score is dynamic and the control of risk factors can reduce the patient risk, this expert consensus recommends that the re-evaluation of the CV risk after the baseline should be performed at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. After this period, it should be done annually and, for specific patients, at the clinician's discretion. The evaluation of the baseline CV risk and the safe administration of a TKI allow the patient to benefit from the maximum treatment, avoiding unwanted effects.

Perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic impact on cardio-oncology: results from the COVID-19 International Collaborative Network survey.

BACKGROUND: Re-allocation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in delays in care delivery to patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer. The ability of health care providers to provide optimal care in this setting has not been formally evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of COVID-19 resource re-allocation on scheduling, testing, elective procedures, telemedicine access, use of new COVID-19 therapies, and providers' opinions on healthcare policies among oncology and cardiology practitioners. METHODS: An electronic survey was conducted by a cardio-oncology collaborative network through regional and state chapters of the American College of Cardiology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the International Cardio-Oncology Society. Descriptive statistics were reported by frequency and proportion for analyses, and stratified categorically by geographic region and specialty. RESULTS: One thousand four hundred fifteen providers (43 countries) participated: 986 cardiologists, 306 oncologists, and 118 trainees/internal medicine. 63% (195/306) of oncologists vs 92% (896/976) of cardiologists reported cancellations of treatments/elective procedures (p = 0.01). 46% (442/970) of cardiologists and 25% (76/303) of oncologists modified the scope of their practice (p = < 0.001). Academic physicians (74.5%) felt better supplied with personal protective equipment (PPE) vs non-academic (74.5% vs 67.2%; p = 0.018). Telemedicine was less common in Europe 81% (74/91), and Latin America 64% (101/158), than the United States, 88% (950/1097) (p = < 0.001). 95% of all groups supported more active leadership from medical professional societies. CONCLUSIONS: These results support initiatives to promote expanded coverage for telemedicine, increased access to PPE, better testing availability and involvement of medical professional societies to help with preparedness for future health care crisis.

Quimioterapia e cardiotoxicidade / Chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity

A evolução do tratamento oncológico resultou no desenvolvimento de fármacos altamente eficazes. No entanto, os efeitos colaterais da terapia antitumoral ainda são frequentes e, muitas vezes, limitantes. Entre os efeitos adversos possíveis, a cardiotoxicidade representa um grupo importante de manifestações, com impacto negativo a curto e longo prazo na evolução desses pacientes. Esses eventos podem ocorrer na ausência de fatores de risco de doença cardiovascular e sua evolução ainda não está totalmente esclarecida. Curiosamente, podem ser desencadeadas tanto por terapias sistêmicas convencionais quanto por novas terapias relacionadas com alvos moleculares específicos. As definições de cardiotoxicidade ainda são diversas e não há um consenso universal. Em linhas gerais, pode ser entendida como qualquer alteração da homeostase do sistema cardiovascular induzida pelo tratamento do câncer. O dano cardíaco pode apresentar-se por vasta gama de condições clínicas, como por exemplo, alterações metabólicas, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, síndromes coronarianas agudas, tromboembolismo arterial e venoso, arritmias, entre outros. Muitos destes eventos têm prognóstico pior que muitas neoplasias. Assim, o conhecimento dos efeitos adversos cardíacos do tratamento antineoplásico é de suma importância, e a avaliação cardiovascular do paciente com câncer é fundamental. O intuito desta revisão é apresentar de forma prática as drogas oncológicas com maior potencial cardiotóxico e discutir de forma resumida seus principais efeitos cardiovasculares. Serão discutidas brevemente as definições, os mecanismos de agressão cardíaca e as manifestações clínicas principais, além da evolução e manejo inicial

The evolution of oncological treatment has resulted in the development of highly effective drugs. However, the side effects of antineoplastic therapy are still frequent, and often limiting. Among the possible adverse effects, cardiotoxicity represents an important group of manifestations, with negative impact on the clinical development of these patients in the short and long terms. These events can occur in the absence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and their clinical course is still not fully clarified. Interestingly, they can be triggered by both conventional systemic therapies and by new therapies with specific molecular targets. There are several definitions of cardiotoxicity, and there is no universal consensus. In general terms, it can be understood as any modification of cardiovascular system homeostasis induced by cancer treatment. Cardiac damage can present as a wide range of clinical conditions, such as metabolic changes, systemic arterial hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, arterial and venous thromboembolism, and arrhythmias, among others. Many of these events have a worse prognosis than many neoplasms. Thus, the knowledge of the adverse cardiac effects of antineoplastic treatment is of paramount importance, and the cardiovascular evaluation of the cancer patient is essential. The purpose of this review is to offer a practical presentation of oncological drugs with greater cardiotoxic potential, and to summarize its main cardiovascular effects. The definitions, mechanisms of cardiac aggression, and main clinical manifestations will be briefly discussed, as well as the clinical course and initial management