Physiotherapy assessment and treatment of patients with tibial external fixator: a systematic scoping review.

PURPOSE: To map evidence regarding physiotherapy assessment and treatment of patients with tibial external fixator (EF), and to point out literature gaps for further research. METHODS: Systematic scoping review conducted in four databases. We included both experimental and non-experimental studies involving patients with tibial EF and outcomes of interest. We recorded study design, population, sample size, sample age, reason for EF use, type of surgery, type of EF used, instruments used for assessing function, pain, quality of life, satisfaction, psychosocial aspects, and physiotherapy treatment descriptions from included studies. We categorised data accordingly to outcomes assessed and physiotherapy treatments description. RESULTS: Eighty-six studies were included involving 3070 patients. Causes of fixator use were traumatic conditions, acquired and congenital deformities, and non-traumatic conditions, like compartmental osteoarthritis. Function was assessed in about three-quarters of included studies, though other outcomes were not presented in most studies. Only one study described satisfactorily the physiotherapy treatment. Almost half of the studies did not provide any description of the rehabilitation process. CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence about the assessment of function, pain, quality of life, satisfaction, psychosocial aspects, and other outcomes in tibial EF patients. Physiotherapy treatment in these patients is poorly reported.Protocol registration: Open Science Framework: doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/UT2DAIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRehabilitation programmes and research should consider that most studies with tibial external fixator (EF) patients did not evaluate outcomes routinely used in physiotherapy assessment.Rehabilitation programmes should consider that the instruments used in evaluation of tibial EF patients have unknown measurement properties.Rehabilitation programmes should consider that treatment of patients with tibial EF involves different types of interventions, however, they are poorly described or not described in most studies.

Patients Who Present with Functional Limitations, Limited Range of Motion and Reduced Muscle Strength 6 Months after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective To evaluate levels of pain, range of motion, hip isometric peak torque, and functional task performance in patients 6 months after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to compare them to asymptomatic control participants (CG). Methods We recruited participants with unilateral THA due to hip osteoarthritis (OA) within a median of 6 months who had not developed postoperative complications. We assessed the pain levels, hip range of motion, peak isometric torque, self-reported assessment (Harris Hip Score) and objectively measured function (Timed Up & Go Test [TUG]) of the patients. The THA group was compared with a group of asymptomatic participants ≥50 years old recruited in the community. Comparisons are presented as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 23 participants were included in each group. Pain levels were low in the THA group (1.48 [1.60]), and 91.3% of the patients reported to be satisfied with the surgical procedure. Participants in the THA group reported significantly lower objectively measured (THA 12.2 [10.0-21.6]; CG 9.0 [6.7-12.2]) and self-reported function (THA 78.5 [43.8-93.9]; CG 100.0 [95.8-100.0]) compared with CG. The THA group also had significantly reduced range of motion for flexion ( p < 0.001), internal ( p < 0.001) and external rotation ( p = 0.003) movements and reduced peak torque for flexion ( p < 0.001), extension ( p < 0.001), abduction ( p < 0.001) and adduction ( p = 0.024) movements compared with participants of the CG. Conclusions Despite reporting overall low pain scores and satisfaction with the surgery, the patients present with functional limitations, limited range of motion, and reduced muscle strength 6 months after THA. Evidence Level 3b.

Patients Who Present with Functional Limitations, Limited Range of Motion and Reduced Muscle Strength 6 Months after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional Study / Pacientes que apresentam limitações funcionais, amplitude de movimento limitada e força muscular reduzida, 6 meses após a artroplastia total do quadril: Um estudo de corte transversal

Abstract Objective To evaluate levels of pain, range of motion, hip isometric peak torque, and functional task performance in patients 6 months after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to compare them to asymptomatic control participants (CG). Methods We recruited participants with unilateral THA due to hip osteoarthritis (OA) within a median of 6 months who had not developed postoperative complications. We assessed the pain levels, hip range of motion, peak isometric torque, self-reported assessment (Harris Hip Score) and objectively measured function (Timed Up & Go Test [TUG]) of the patients. The THA group was compared with a group of asymptomatic participants ≥50 years old recruited in the community. Comparisons are presented as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 23 participants were included in each group. Pain levels were low in the THA group (1.48 [1.60]), and 91.3% of the patients reported to be satisfied with the surgical procedure. Participants in the THA group reported significantly lower objectively measured (THA 12.2 [10.0-21.6]; CG 9.0 [6.7-12.2]) and self-reported function (THA 78.5 [43.8-93.9]; CG 100.0 [95.8-100.0]) compared with CG. The THA group also had significantly reduced range of motion for flexion (p< 0.001), internal (p< 0.001) and external rotation (p= 0.003) movements and reduced peak torque for flexion (p< 0.001), extension (p< 0.001), abduction (p< 0.001) and adduction (p= 0.024) movements compared with participants of the CG. Conclusions Despite reporting overall low pain scores and satisfaction with the surgery, the patients present with functional limitations, limited range of motion, and reduced muscle strength 6 months after THA. Evidence Level 3b

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os níveis de intensidade da dor, amplitude de movimento, pico de torque isométrico do quadril e desempenho da tarefa funcional em pacientes 6 meses após a artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ), e comparar estes valores com os de participantes assintomáticos do grupo controle (GC). Métodos Recrutamos participantes com ATQ unilateral devida a osteoartrite (OA) do quadril, dentro de uma mediana de tempo de 6 meses, que não tinham desenvolvido complicações pós-operatórias. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto à intensidade da dor, à amplitude de movimento do quadril, ao pico de torque isométrico, à autoavaliação (questionário de avaliação do quadril Harris Hip Score [HHS, na sigla em inglês) e à função medida objetivamente por meio do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG, na sigla em inglês). O grupo ATQ foi comparado com um grupo de participantes assintomáticos com idade ≥ 50 anos recrutados na comunidade. As comparações são apresentadas como diferenças médias (DMs) e intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95%. Resultados Cada grupo contou com 23 participantes. A intensidade da dor foi baixa no grupo ATQ (1,48 [1,60]), sendo que 91,3% dos pacientes relataram estar satisfeitos com o procedimento cirúrgico. Os participantes do grupo ATQ relataram uma função medida objetivamente significativamente menor (ATQ 12,2 [10,0-21,6]; GC 9,0 [6,7-12,2]) e a função autoavaliação (ATQ 78,5 [43,8-93,9]; GC 100,0 [95,8-100,0]), em comparação com o GC. O grupo ATQ também teve reduzida de forma significativa a amplitude de movimento para flexão (p< 0,001), os movimentos internos (p< 0,001) e de rotação externa (p= 0,003). O grupo ATQ também apresentou pico de torque reduzido para flexão (p< 0,001), extensão (p <0,001), movimentos de abdução (p< 0,001) e adução (p = 0,024) em comparação com os participantes do GC. Conclusões Apesar de informarem escores gerais de dor de baixa intensidade e satisfação com a cirurgia, os pacientes apresentaram limitações funcionais, amplitude de movimento limitada e redução da força muscular após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico de ATQ. Nível de Evidência3B.

Influence of femoral offset on functional capacity of patients with total hip arthroplasty / Influência do offset femoral na capacidade funcional de pacientes com artroplastia total de quadril

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate vertical (VFO) and horizontal (HFO) femoral offset with hip range of motion (ROM), peak muscle torque (PT), functional, capacity, and lower limb length in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A cross-sectional case control study, in which 22 individuals (10 men and 12 women) - aged 61 (41-72), and within 23 (10-40) postoperative days - were evaluated for active hip ROM (fleximetry); Isometric PT (portable dynamometer); functional capacity (Timed up and Go test (TUG) and Harris Hip Score questionnaire); lower limb length (measuring tape); and VFO and HFO (radiographs). Results: The operated limb showed a reduction in length (p = 0.006), ROM for abduction (p = 0.001), flexion (p = 0.003), and external rotation (p = 0.003), as well as in all PT (p < 0.05) when compared with the contralateral limb. Moderate correlations were observed between VFO and external rotators (r = 0.487; p = 0.021); HFO and external rotators PT (r = −0.508; p = 0.016); and the difference between the VFO (operated and non-operated limb) and the TUG (r = −0.570; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Changes to the femoral offset seem to influence functional capacity, as well as the movement and external rotators PT of the hips in patients with THA, considering the postoperative period evaluated. Level of Evidence III, Case Control Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar achados do offset femoral vertical (OFV) e horizontal (OFH) aos da amplitude de movimento do quadril (ADM), pico de torque muscular (PT), capacidade funcional (CF) e comprimento dos membros inferiores (CM) em pacientes com artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ). Métodos: Estudo transversal, caso controle (nível de evidência III), foram avaliados 22 indivíduos (10 homens e 12 mulheres) com idade de 61 (41-72) anos e 23 (10-40) dias de pós-operatório, quanto à: ADM ativa do quadril (fleximetria); PT isométrico (dinamômetro portátil); CF - teste Timed up and Go (TUG) e questionário Harris Hip Score (HHS); CM (fita métrica); e OFV e OFH a partir de radiografias. Resultados: O membro operado apresentou redução no CM (p = 0,006), ADM de abdução (p = 0,001), flexão (p = 0,003) e RE (p = 0,003), e em todos os PT (p < 0,05) em comparação ao membro contralateral. Correlações moderadas encontradas entre: OFV e RE (r = 0,487; p = 0,021); OFH e PT dos RE (r = −0,508; p = 0,016); e a diferença do OFV (membro operado e não operado) e o TUG (r = −0,570; p = 0,006). Conclusão: Alterações no OF parecem influenciar a CF, bem como o movimento e o PT dos RE do quadril em pacientes com ATQ para o período pós-operatório avaliado. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de Caso-Controle.

Back pain attitudes questionnaire: Cross-cultural adaptation to brazilian-portuguese and measurement properties.

BACKGROUND: The Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed to evaluate attitudes and beliefs of the general public, people with back pain, and healthcare professionals about the spine. OBJECTIVES: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back-PAQ (34-item and 10-item versions) into Brazilian-Portuguese (Back-PAQ-Br) and test its measurement properties in a Brazilian sample. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation and testing of the measurement properties followed the recommendations of international guidelines. Members of the general public, people with back pain, and healthcare professionals, for a total of 139 individuals, took part in the assessment of internal consistency, construct validity, and ceiling and floor effects. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) were used to evaluate construct validity. Test-retest reproducibility was determined on 77 participants. Retest was performed a minimum of 1 week and a maximum of 2 weeks from the original test. RESULTS: There was very high agreement between translators (88.2%). The Back-PAQ-Br showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.92) and excellent reproducibility (ICC 0.94; SEM 5.14 points on a 136 point scale), with a smallest detectable change (90% confidence level) of 11.93 points. There was strong correlation between Back-PAQ-Br and TSK (r = -0.72) and very weak correlation between Back-PAQ-Br and HADS (r = -0.23 for both depression and anxiety domains). No ceiling/floor effects were observed. CONCLUSION: The translation process and cross-cultural adaptation had very high agreement between translators. The Back-PAQ-Br has excellent measurement properties that are similar to the properties of the original version.

Efficacy of exercise therapy during radiotherapy to prevent reduction in mouth opening in patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 protocols of exercise therapy to avoid reduction in mouth opening (MO) in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, 3-arm, parallel-group, prevention clinical trial. Ninety patients were randomized into 3 groups to perform exercises during radiotherapy treatment: intervention group 1 (G1); intervention group 2 (G2); and control group (CG). Maximum MO was measured before (T0), immediately after (T1), and at 12 months (T2) after completion of radiotherapy treatment. Generalized estimating equations model complemented by the least significant difference test was applied to group comparisons. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in MO measure between the groups at the 3 assessment time points (P = .264). The difference in MO measure from baseline to 12 months after having completed radiotherapy was -1 mm in CG (95% confidence interval [CI] -4.0 to 2.0); 1.3 mm in G1 (95% CI -1.7 to 4.3); and 0.5 mm in G2 (95% CI -3.4 to 4.4). CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to conclude that the exercise protocols performed in this study are more effective than the usual guidance to prevent reduction in MO in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

A associação entre capacidade física e probabilidade de internação hospitalar em idosos que vivem na comunidade / La asociación entre la capacidad física y la probabilidad de ingreso hospitalario en ancianos que viven en la comunidad / Association between physical capacity and likelihood of hospitalization in community-living older adults

RESUMO O crescimento da população idosa exige reorganização política, econômica e social, em especial na área da saúde, devido ao impacto sobre esta. A avaliação da Probabilidade de Internação Hospitalar (PIH) é usada como indicador da condição de saúde do idoso. Entretanto, variáveis de capacidade física (CF) ainda não foram associadas com a PIH. Analisou-se a associação entre CF e a PIH de idosos. O estudo realizado foi epidemiológico, transversal e analítico. A seleção da amostra ocorreu de forma aleatória em uma das Equipes de Saúde da Família no bairro Passo d'Areia, no município de Porto Alegre, sendo avaliados 317 idosos com idade ≥ 65 anos. A CF foi avaliada por testes de força de membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade e equilíbrio. A PIH foi avaliada pelo instrumento de triagem rápida de Boult. Para análise estatística, a PIH foi ajustada em dois grupos: baixa-média e média alta-alta (MAA) e realizada a análise multivariada de regressão de Poisson. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05. Nos resultados encontrados, as variáveis físicas que permaneceram associadas à PIH-MAA foram a força de membros inferiores (RP = 1,78; IC 95% = 1,04 - 3,04) e flexibilidade (RP = 2,13; IC 95% = 1,28 - 3,56). Houve associação negativa entre os baixos níveis de força de membro inferior e de flexibilidade com PIH-MAA. A prevalência da PIH-MAA entre indivíduos com força alterada para membros inferiores foi 78% maior em relação àqueles com força normal e 113% entre aqueles com alteração de flexibilidade.

RESUMEN El crecimiento de la población anciana exige reorganización política, económica y social, en especial en el área de la salud, debido al impacto sobre ésta. La evaluación de la Probabilidad de Ingreso Hospitalario (PIH) es usada como indicador de la condición de salud del anciano. Mientras tanto, variables de la capacidad física (CF) todavía no fueron asociadas con la PIH. Se analizó la asociación entre la CF y la PIH de ancianos. El estudio realizado fue epidemiológico, transversal y analítico. La selección de la muestra ocurrió de manera aleatoria en uno de los Equipos de Salud de la Familia en el barrio Passo d'Areia, en el municipio de Porto Alegre, siendo evaluados 317 ancianos con edad ≥ 65 años. La CF fue evaluada por pruebas de fuerza de miembros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidad y equilibrio. La PIH fue evaluada por el instrumento de triaje rápido de Boult. Para el análisis estadístico, la PIH fue ajustada en dos grupos: baja-mediana y mediana alta-alta (MAA) y realizado el análisis multivariado de regresión de Poisson. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de p ≤ 0,05. En los resultados encontrados, las variables físicas que permanecieron asociados a la PIH-MAA fueron la fuerza de miembros inferiores (RP = 1,78; IC el 95% = 1,04 - 3,04) y la -flexibilidad (RP = 2,13; IC el 95% = 1,28 - 3,56). Hubo asociación negativa entre los bajos niveles de fuerza de miembro inferior y de flexibilidad con la PIH-MAA. La prevalencia de la PIH-MAA entre los individuos con la fuerza alterada para los miembros inferiores fue un 78% más grande en relación a los con la fuerza normal y un 113% entre los con alteración de flexibilidad.

ABSTRACT The growth of older population requires political, economic and social rearrangement, particularly in health, considering its impact on this matter. The assessment of Likelihood of Hospitalization (LOH) is used as an indicator for the health condition of older adults. However, variables of physical capacity (PC) have not yet been associated with LOH. Thus, the association between PC and LOH was analyzed. This study was epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical. The sample was randomly selected from one of the Family Health Teams in Passo d'Areia neighborhood, municipality of Porto Alegre. 317 older adults aged ³65 years were evaluated. PC was evaluated by tests of strength, flexibility, and balance on upper and lower limbs. LOH was evaluated with the Boult rapid screening instrument. For the statistical analysis, LOH has been adjusted in two groups: low-medium and medium high-high (MHH), and the Poisson multivariate regression analysis was used. The adopted significance level was p≤0.05. Among the results found, the physical variables that stayed attached to the LOH-MHH were the strength of lower limbs (PR=1.78; 95%CI=1.04 - 3.04) and flexibility (PR=2.13; 95%CI=1.28 - 3.56). There was a negative association between low levels of lower limb strength and flexibility with LOH-MHH. The prevalence of LOH-MHH among individuals with altered strength for the lower limbs was 78% greater when compared with those with normal strength, and it was 113% greater for those with altered flexibility.

Um modelo diferente de brace para a reeducação da marcha hemiparética com genu recurvatum: efeitos sobre a distribuição das pressões plantares / Un modelo distinto de rodillera en la rehabilitación de la marcha hemiparética con genu recurvatum: efectos sobre la distribución de las presiones plantares / A different brace model to retrain hemiparetic gait with genu recurvatum: effects on plantar pressure distribution

RESUMO O modelo de brace desenvolvido consiste em uma joelheira de neoprene que apresenta um balonete inflável posicionado sobre a região poplítea do joelho. Ele proporciona estímulos sobre estruturas articulares, bem como um melhor alinhamento biomecânico durante a fase de apoio da marcha. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar as alterações e adaptações induzidas pelo treinamento da marcha com a utilização do dispositivo ortótico em pacientes hemiparéticos. Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois com doze pacientes adultos com hemiparesia decorrente de acidente vascular encefálico. Os picos de pressão plantares foram os marcadores utilizados para comparar os três momentos do estudo: na linha de base, quando estivessem utilizando o brace e após o treinamento da marcha. Depois das sessões de reeducação da marcha com auxílio da órtese, a redistribuição das pressões plantares evidenciou aumento na simetria durante a fase de apoio, principalmente pela diminuição da pressão sobre o antepé parético (p=0,024) e pelo aumento no retropé no lado parético (p=0,010). Além disso, essas alterações foram associadas a uma diminuição da pressão sobre todas as regiões do pé não afetado, especialmente no retropé no momento de pós-treinamento. Os resultados do estudo sugerem uma mudança no padrão de marcha dos participantes depois da utilização do brace. Houve maior simetria dos valores dos picos de pressão plantar quando se comparou o lado afetado com o não afetado. O treino com o brace contribui no processo de reabilitação, uma vez que forneceu valores baropodométricos que se aproximaram ao padrão normal de distribuição plantar.

RESUMEN En una rodillera de neoprene se desarrolló un tipo de rodillera ortopédica, que lleva un manguito inflable, puesto en la región poplítea de la rodilla, y que les proporciona estímulos a las estructuras articulares, así como mejora la alienación biomecánica durante la fase de apoyo de la marcha. El propósito del estudio es cuantificar las alteraciones y adaptaciones producidas por el entrenamiento con este dispositivo ortótico en pacientes hemiparéticos. Se trata de un estudio casi experimental de tipo antes y después, del cual participaron doce adultos hemiparéticos debido al accidente cerebrovascular. Se utilizaron como marcadores los picos de presión plantar para comparar tres momentos del estudio: el inicio del estudio; el momento en que utilizaban la rodillera y tras entrenar la marcha. Después de las sesiones de rehabilitación de la marcha con ayuda de la rodillera, en la redistribución de las presiones plantares ocurrió un aumento en la simetría durante la fase de apoyo, principalmente disminución de la presión sobre el antepié parético (p=0,024) y aumento en el retropié en el lado parético (p=0,010). Además, estas alteraciones se las asociaron a la disminución de la presión sobre todas las regiones del pie no alterado, especialmente en el retropié en el momento posterior al tratamiento. Los resultados del estudio muestran un cambio en el patrón de marcha de los participantes después de utilizar este tipo de rodillera. Hubo una mayor simetría de los valores de los picos de presión plantar cuando se comparó el lado alterado con el no alterado. El entrenamiento con este tipo de rodillera ayudó en el proceso de rehabilitación, puesto que presentó valores baropodométricos cerca del patrón prestablecido de distribución plantar.

ABSTRACT The model of brace developed consists of a neoprene kneepad that has an inflatable cuff positioned over the popliteal region of the knee. It provides stimuli on joint structures as well as a better biomechanical alignment during the stance phase of the gait. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes and adaptations induced by gait training with the use of orthotic device in hemiparetic patients. A quasi-experimental before-after study was held with twelve adult patients with hemiparesis due to cerebrovascular accident. The peaks of plantar pressure were the markers used to compare the three moments of the study: the baseline, when they were using the brace, and post-gait training. After the sessions of gait retraining with the orthosis, the redistribution of plantar pressures showed increased symmetry during the stance phase, mainly by reducing the pressure on the paretic forefoot (p=0.024) and by the increase in the rearfoot in the paretic side (p=0.010). In addition, these changes were associated with a decrease in pressure on all regions of the foot not affected, especially in the rearfoot after training. The results of the study suggest a change in the gait pattern of participants after using the brace. There has been greater symmetry of the values of the plantar pressure peaks when the affected side was compared with the nonaffected side. Training with the brace helps in the rehabilitation process, since it provides baropodometric values approaching the normal pattern of plantar distribution.

The Brazilian version of the Constant-Murley Score (CMS-BR): convergent and construct validity, internal consistency, and unidimensionality / Versão brasileira do Constant-Murley Score (CMS-BR): validade convergente e de constructo, consistência interna e unidimensionalidade

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To translate and culturally adapt the CMS and assess the validity of the Brazilian version (CMS-BR). METHODS: The translation was carried out according to the back-translation method by four independent translators. The produced versions were synthesized through extensive analysis and by consensus of an expert committee, reaching a final version used for the cultural adaptation. A field test was conducted with 30 subjects in order to obtain semantic considerations. For the psychometric analyzes, the sample was increased to 110 participants who answered two instruments: CMS-BR and the Disabilities of the Arm, shoulder and Hand (DASH). The CMS-BR and DASH score range from 0 to 100 points. For the first, higher points reflect better function and for the latter, the inverse is true. The validity was verified by Pearson's correlation test, the unidimensionality by factorial analysis, and the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The explained variance was 60.28% with factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.91. The CMS-BR exhibited strong negative correlation with the DASH score (-0.82, p < 0.05), Cronbach's alpha 0.85, and its total score was strongly correlated with the patient's range of motion (0.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The CMS was satisfactorily adapted for Brazilian Portuguese and demonstrated evidence of validity that allows its use in this population.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o Constant-Murley Score (CMS) e verificar a validade da versão brasileira (CMS-BR). MÉTODOS: A tradução foi realizada de acordo com o método de retrotradução por quatro tradutores independentes. As versões produzidas foram sintetizadas por análise extensiva e consenso de um comitê de especialistas, gerando uma versão final usada para a adaptação cultural. Realizou-se um teste em campo com 30 sujeitos para observação de possíveis considerações em relação à semântica. Para a posterior análise psicométrica, ampliou-se a amostra para 110 participantes, que responderam a dois instrumentos: CMS-BR e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). O CMS-BR e o DASH possuem variação de 0 a 100 pontos. Para o primeiro, altas pontuações refletem melhor função, para o segundo, o contrário. A validade foi verificada através do teste de correlação de Pearson, a dimensionalidade através de análise fatorial e a consistência interna através do alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A variância explicada foi de 60,28% com cargas fatoriais entre 0,60 e 0,91. O CMS-BR demonstrou correlação forte e negativa com o DASH (-0,82, p < 0,05), alfa de Cronbach de 0,85 e seu escore total teve correlação forte com a amplitude de movimento dos pacientes (0,93, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O CMS-BR foi adaptado de forma satisfatória e demonstrou evidências de validade que permitem seu uso nessa população.

Oscillation of plantar pressure center in athletes and non-athletes with and without ankle sprains / Oscilação do centro de pressão plantar de atletas e não atletas com e sem entorse de tornozelo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there is any difference in the oscillation of the plantar pressure center in single-leg stance between athletes and non-athletes with and without ankle sprains. METHODS: 54 volunteers performed four static assessments and one dynamic assessment while standing on one foot on a baropodometer, barefoot, for 10 s in each test. The variables of area (cm2), distance (cm), anteroposterior oscillation (cm), mediolateral oscillation (cm) and mean velocity (cm/s) were analyzed. The items "other symptoms" and "sports and recreation" of the subjective Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) questionnaire were applied. For the statistical analysis, repeated-measurement ANOVA (ANOVA-MR), multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test and partial eta squared were used. RESULTS: ANOVA-MR revealed differences regarding distance, with major effects for eyes (p < 0.001), knees (p < 0.001), group (p < 0.05) and the interaction between eyes and knees (p < 0.05); and regarding mean velocity with major effects for eyes (p < 0.001), knees (p < 0.001) (p < 0.05), group (p < 0.05) and the interaction between eyes and knees (p < 0.05). MANOVA revealed main group effects for distance (p < 0.05), anteroposterior oscillation (p < 0.05) and mean velocity (p < 0.05). In the FAOS questionnaire, there were no differences: "other symptoms", p > 0.05; and "sport and recreation", p > 0.05. CONCLUSION: Athletes present higher mean velocity of oscillation of plantar pressure center and generally do not have differences in oscillation amplitude in the sagittal and coronal planes, in comparison with non-athletes.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar se há diferença quanto à oscilação do centro de pressão plantar em apoio unipodal entre atletas e não atletas com e sem entorse de tornozelo. MÉTODO: Fizeram quatro avaliações estáticas e uma dinâmica em apoio unipodal descalço sobre o baropodômetro 54 voluntarios, com duração de 10 segundos cada teste. Foram analisadas as variáveis área (cm2), distância (cm), oscilação anteroposterior (cm), oscilação mediolateral (cm) e velocidade média (cm/s). Foram aplicados os itens "Outros sintomas" e "Esporte e recreação" do questionário subjetivo Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Para a análise estatística foram usadas a ANOVA de médias repetidas (ANOVA-MR), a ANOVA multivariada (MANOVA), o post hoc de Tukey e o partial eta square. RESULTADOS: A ANOVA-MR revelou diferenças para distância, com efeitos principais para olhos (p < 0,001), joelho (p < 0,001), grupo (p < 0,05) e interação olhos e joelho (p < 0,05) e para a velocidade média com efeitos principais para olhos (p < 0,001), joelho (p < 0,001), grupo (p < 0,05) e interação olhos e joelho (p < 0,05). A MANOVA revelou efeitos principais de grupo para distância (p < 0,05), oscilação anteroposterior (p < 0,05) e velocidade média (p < 0,05). No questionário FAOS não houve diferenças ("Outros sintomas" [p > 0,05], "Esporte e eecreação" [p > 0,05]). CONCLUSÃO: Atletas apresentam maior velocidade média de oscilação do centro de pressão plantar e não apresentam, de modo geral, diferenças quanto à amplitude de oscilação nos planos sagital e coronal quando comparados com não atletas.

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM ÔMEGA-3 PÓS-RECONSTRUÇÃO DO LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR / SUPPLEMENTATION WITH OMEGA-3 AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT / SUPLEMENTACIÓN CON OMEGA-3 DESPUÉS DE LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DEL LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR

Introdução: As lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) contribuem para a formação de radicais livres de oxigênio que, em excesso, podem desencadear dano oxidativo na articulação do joelho. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação oral com ômega-3 sobre marcadores de estresse oxidativo em indivíduos submetidos à reconstrução do LCA. Métodos: Este estudo é um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, controlado e simples cego, com amostra de 25 indivíduos submetidos à reconstrução do LCA, separados aleatoriamente em: grupo ômega-3 (GO), suplementado diariamente com 2 g de ômega-3 durante 15 dias pós-reconstrução do LCA e grupo controle (GC), não suplementado. Foi realizada coleta de sangue e de líquido sinovial imediatamente antes do procedimento cirúrgico e 15 dias pós-reconstrução do LCA. As análises bioquímicas avaliaram os níveis de produtos de lipoperoxidação (MDA); atividade da catalase; grupos sulfidrílicos totais e polifenóis e proteína C reativa (PCR). Resultados: Observou-se diminuição significativa nos níveis de MDA no GO em comparação ao GC (p < 0,05), da mesma forma que a atividade da enzima antioxidante catalase foi significativamente menor no GO quando comparado ao GC (p < 0,001). Também foram observados níveis significativamente elevados de grupos sulfidrílicos totais no plasma dos indivíduos suplementados quando comparados aos do GC (p < 0,001). Além disso, foram observados níveis significativamente maiores de polifenóis (p < 0,05) tanto no plasma quanto no líquido sinovial dos indivíduos que receberam ômega-3 no período pós-cirúrgico comparado ao pré-cirúrgico. Entretanto, não foi observado um efeito protetor da administração do ômega-3 sobre a função anti-inflamatória. Conclusão: Verificamos um efeito protetor do ômega-3 na modulação dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo em indivíduos submetidos à reconstrução do LCA.

Introduction: The injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) contribute to the formation of oxygen free radicals, which in excess can trigger oxidative damage in the knee joint. Objective: To evaluate the effects of oral supplementation with omega-3 on markers of oxidative stress in individuals undergoing ACL reconstruction. Methods: This study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, and single blinded clinical trial, with a sample of 25 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, randomly assigned to: Omega-3 group (OG), supplemented daily with 2 g of omega-3 for 15 days after ACL surgery; and Control group (CG), without supplementation. Blood and synovial fluid collection was performed immediately before the surgical procedure and 15 days after ACL reconstruction. The biochemical analyses assessed the levels of lipid peroxidation products (MDA); catalase activity; total sulfhydryl groups and polyphenols and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: We verified a significant decrease in the levels of MDA in the OG compared to the CG (p<0.05) and, similarly, that the catalase antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly lower in the OG when compared to the CG (p<0.001). We also observed significantly elevated levels of total sulfhydryl groups in plasma in supplemented individuals when compared to the CG (p<0.001). In addition, significantly higher levels of polyphenols (p<0.05) were observed in both plasma and synovial fluid of individuals who received omega-3 in the post-surgical period compared to pre-surgical. However, no protective effect was observed with the administration of omega-3 on the anti-inflammatory function. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a protective effect of omega-3 on the modulation of oxidative stress markers in individuals undergoing ACL reconstruction.

Introducción: Las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) contribuyen a la formación de radicales libres de oxígeno, que en exceso pueden desencadenar daño oxidativo en la articulación de la rodilla. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la suplementación oral con ácidos grasos omega-3 en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA. Métodos: Este estudio es un ensayo clínico prospectivo, aleatorizado, controlado, simple ciego, con una muestra de 25 pacientes que se sometieron a la reconstrucción del LCA, divididos aleatoriamente en: grupo omega-3 (GO), suplementado diariamente con 2 g de omega-3 por 15 días después de la reconstrucción del LCA y grupo control (GC), sin suplementos. Se hizo la recogida de sangre y de líquido sinovial inmediatamente antes de la cirugía y 15 días después de la reconstrucción del LCA. El análisis bioquímico evaluó los niveles de productos de la peroxidación lipídica (MDA); la actividad catalasa; polifenoles y el total de grupos sulfhidrilo y la proteína C reactiva (PCR). Resultados: Se observó una disminución significativa en los niveles de MDA en GO en comparación con el GC (p < 0,05) de la misma manera que la actividad de la enzima antioxidante catalasa fue significativamente menor en GO en comparación con el CG (p < 0,001). También se observaron niveles significativamente elevados de grupos sulfhidrilo totales en plasma de individuos suplementados en comparación con el GC (p < 0,001). Además, se observaron niveles significativamente más altos de polifenoles (p < 0,05) en el plasma y en el líquido sinovial de pacientes que recibieron ácidos grasos omega-3 en el postoperatorio en comparación con el preoperatorio. Sin embargo, no se observó un efecto protector con la administración de omega-3 en la función anti-inflamatoria. Conclusión: Se encontró un efecto protector del omega-3 en la modulación de marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes sometidos a la reconstrucción del LCA.

The influence of distal-end heat treatment on deflection of nickel-titanium archwire.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the deflection-force behavior of nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires adjacent to the portion submitted to heat treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 106 segments of NiTi wires (0.019 x 0.025-in) and heat-activated NiTi wires (0.016 x 0.022-in) from four commercial brands were tested. The segments were obtained from 80 archwires. For the experimental group, the distal portion of each segmented archwire was subjected to heat treatment (n = 40), while the other distal portion of the same archwire was used as a heating-free control group (n = 40). Deflection tests were performed in a temperature-controlled universal testing machine. Unpaired Student's t-tests were applied to determine if there were differences between the experimental and control groups for each commercial brand and size of wire. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the tested groups with the same size and brand of wire. CONCLUSIONS: Heat treatment applied to the distal ends of rectangular NiTi archwires does not permanently change the elastic properties of the adjacent portions.

The influence of distal-end heat treatment on deflection of nickel-titanium archwire

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the deflection-force behavior of nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires adjacent to the portion submitted to heat treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 106 segments of NiTi wires (0.019 x 0.025-in) and heat-activated NiTi wires (0.016 x 0.022-in) from four commercial brands were tested. The segments were obtained from 80 archwires. For the experimental group, the distal portion of each segmented archwire was subjected to heat treatment (n = 40), while the other distal portion of the same archwire was used as a heating-free control group (n = 40). Deflection tests were performed in a temperature-controlled universal testing machine. Unpaired Student's t-tests were applied to determine if there were differences between the experimental and control groups for each commercial brand and size of wire. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the tested groups with the same size and brand of wire. Conclusions: Heat treatment applied to the distal ends of rectangular NiTi archwires does not permanently change the elastic properties of the adjacent portions.

Objetivo: o objetivo dessa pesquisa in vitro foi avaliar a deflexão na porção adjacente à área do tratamento térmico realizado no extremo distal de fios ortodônticos de níquel-titânio (NiTi). Métodos: foram testados 160 segmentos de fios de NiTi (0,019" x 0,025") e NiTi termoativado (0,016" x 0,022") de quatro marcas comerciais; obtidos de 80 arcos. No grupo experimental (n = 40), realizou-se o tratamento térmico no extremo distal; enquanto no grupo controle (n = 40), o extremo distal foi mantido isento de tratamento térmico. Os testes de deflexão foram realizados em máquina universal de ensaios, com controle de temperatura. Foi aplicado o teste t de Student não-pareado, visando observar a diferença entre os grupos experimental e controle, em cada espessura e marca. A significância estatística foi fixada com valor dep < 0,05. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados, de mesma espessura e marca comercial. Conclusão: conclui-se que o tratamento térmico não influenciou na deflexão da região adjacente à extremidade de fios de NiTi submetidos ao tratamento térmico.

Correlation between patient age at total hip replacement surgery and lifeexpectancy

ABSTRACTTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most cost-effective hip surgeries among orthopedic procedures. We conducted an extensive literature review with 5,394 papers regarding survival rates after THA. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from January 1st, 1970 to July 31th, 2014 looking for all citations about total hip arthroplasty with a long term follow-up (longer than 10 years). The criteria were rigorous: no loss of follow-up, and follow-up more than 10 years. The authors should have known the complete history of patients (whether the patient is alive or dead). Considering the criteria, we found only 15 papers. To evaluate the relationship between follow-up and survival, a linear regression analysis was applied. Considering the papers analysed, and applying the search criteria, we obtained a mean age for the patients above 57.5 years. The chance of survival at 15 years was 57.6%, at 20 years it was 34.6% and at 25 years it is only 11.6%. The relationship between follow-up and survival was significantly linear (p <0.001). Only 11.6% of patients undergoing THA will be still alive 25 years after the surgical procedure. Level of Evidence I, Prognostic Study.

Femoral neck non-union treatment by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy in femoral neck non-union.METHODS: Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures with non-union treated using Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy were reviewed. Demographics, time elapsed between fracture and surgery, follow--up, osteosynthesis used, Garden's classification, limb shortening, and x-rays were evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-two men and 20 women were reviewed. The youngest patient was 18 years old and the oldest 65 years old, with a mean age of 42.4 years (±11.2). The minimum follow-up was 2 years, with a mean of 10.2 years. The average time elapsed between initial fracture and osteotomy was 6.5 months. Twel-ve cases were neglected femoral neck fractures. Nineteen patients were classified as Garden III, and 23 patients as Garden IV. After valgus osteotomy, non-union healing was observed in 38 patients (38/42; 90.4%). Healing of thirty-seven cases of pseudoarthrosis were obtained after the first-attempt osteotomy, and one case required two operations for healing. The osteotomy failed in four cases. Conside-ring the healed osteotomies, good to excellent functional results were achieved in 80.9% (34/42) of the patients. Total hip replacement was subsequently performed in 14.2% (6/42) of the patients for unfavoura-ble outcomes (two for cutting out, two for osteonecrosis, and two for osteoarthritis).CONCLUSIONS: Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy has a high success rate in archiving healing in femoral neck non-union with good functional results. It is a biological and effective method. Level of Evidence IV, Therapeutic Study.

Sangramento da cabeça femoral durante artroplastia total do quadril para tratamento de osteoartrose / Bleeding of femoral head during total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis

Objetivo: Avaliar o sangramento da cabeça femoral em quadris queapresentam osteoartrose durante o procedimento cirúrgico de artroplastiatotal do quadril. Métodos: Foram avaliados 103 quadris acometidospor osteoartrose coxofemoral primária. Após a luxação cirúrgica, a cabeçafemoral foi dividida em quatro quadrantes onde eram realizadasmicroperfurações com a finalidade de observar e qualificar a presençade sangramento como tipo precoce (SP), tardio (ST) ou sem sangramento(SS). Resultados: Foi observado no quadrante superior sangramentoprecoce (SP) em 16 quadris (15.5%), sangramento tardio em 14quadris (13.6%) e não houve sangramento (SS) em 73 quadris (70.9%).No quadrante anterior, foi observado SP em 24 quadris (23.3%), ST em7 quadris (6.8%) e SS em 72 quadris (69.9%). No quadrante inferior, foidetectado SP em 40 quadris (38.8%), ST em 14 quadris (13.6%) e SSem 49 quadris (47.6%). Finalmente, no quadrante posterior, havia SPem 39 quadris (37.9%), ST em 19 quadris (18.4%) e SS em 45 quadris(43.7%). Comparando o IMC e gênero dos participantes, não encontramosnenhuma associação (p>0,05). Conclusões: Os quadrantes inferiore posterior apresentaram maior sangramento, seguindo o trajeto daartéria circunflexa medial. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Terapêutico.

Objective: To evaluate the bleeding of the femoral head on hiposteoarthritis in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty.Methods: One hundred and three hips affected by primary hiposteoarthritis were evaluated. After surgical dislocation, the femoralhead was divided into four quadrants, and micro perforations weremade in order to observe and assess the presence of bleeding, asearly type (EB), late type (LB) or without bleeding (WB). Results:We observed early bleeding (EB) in the upper quadrant in 16hips (15.5%), late bleeding in 14 hips (13.6%) and no bleeding(WB) in 73 hips (70.9%). The anterior quadrant showed EB in 24hips (23.3%), LB in 7 hips (6.8%) and WB in 72 hips (69.9%).The lower quadrant presented EB in 40 hips (38.8%), LB 14 hips(13.6%) and WB in 49 hips (47.6%). The posterior quadrant showedEB in 39 hips (37.9%), LB 19 hips (18.4%) and WB in 45 hips(43.7%). Comparing BMI and gender, we found no associationbetween these parameters (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The inferiorand posterior quadrant had the highest bleeding levels, followingthe path of the medial circumflex artery. Level of Evidence III,Therapeutic Study.

Análise dos fatores que interferem na capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em uma comunidade de Porto Alegre / Analsis of factors affecting the functional capacity of elderly residents in a community in Porto Alegre

O envelhecimento populacional brasileiro é uma realidade e provoca novas demandas na área da saúde do idoso. Nesse contexto, saúde não significa mais a ausência de doenças e, sim, a manutenção da capacidade funcional. Objetivos: verificar o grau de independência funcional de idosos residentes em uma área adscrita da vila do IAPI (Instituto de Assistência e Previdência dos Industriários) em Porto Alegre e correlacionar o grau de independência funcional com variáveis socioeconômicas e de saúde. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, no qual os dados foram obtidos através de visitas domiciliares. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada com a Escala de Katz, o Índice de Lawton e o nível de atividade física pelo IPAQ versão 6. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 17.0 por meio de análises bivariada e multivariada pela Regressão de Poisson hierárquica. Resultados: foram entrevistados 401 idosos e os fatores associados à independência funcional foram: ocupação (RP = 1,18), idade (RP = 0,97), ser ativo ou muito ativo fisicamente (IPAQ) (RP = 6,86) e participar de grupos de apoio (RP = 1,21). A depressão associou-se negativamente com a independência funcional (RP = 0,77). Conclusões: os resultados permitiram identificar o comportamento da capacidade funcional entre os idosos avaliados, sendo a maioria destes classificados como independentes. Faz-se importante salientar que a manutenção da capacidade funcional deve ser estimulada através de políticas públicas de promoção da saúde física e mental, redes de apoio social e participação ativa nos vários segmentos da sociedade.

The aging of the Brazilian population is a reality, and it causes new demands when the subject is elderly health. In this context, health is not anymore the absence of diseases, but the maintenance of the functional capacity. Objectives: this paper aims to verify the level of functional independence of the elderly at an enrolled area of the village of IAPI, in Porto Alegre, and correlate the level of functional independence with socioeconomic and health variables. Methods: this is a population-based cross-sectional study in which the data were obtained through home visits. The functional capacity was valued with Katz and Lawton scales, and the level of physical activity was valued through IPAQ – version 6. The data were analyzed by SPSS (Sta and multivariate analyzes by hierarchical Poison Regression. Results: 401 people were interviewed, and the factors associated to functional independence were: occupation (RP = 1,18), age (RP = 0,97), be physically active or very active (IPAQ) (RP = 6,86) and participate of support groups (RP = 1,21). Depression was associated negatively with functional independence (RP = 0,77). Conclusions: results allowed the identification of the behavior of functional capacity among elderly patients, most of these being classified as independent. It is important to note that maintenance functional capacity should be encouraged through physical and mental health public policies, social support networks, and active participation in the various segments of society.

Femoral neck non-union treatment by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy in femoral neck non-union. METHODS: : Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures with non-union treated using Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy were reviewed. Demographics, time elapsed between fracture and surgery, follow--up, osteosynthesis used, Garden's classification, limb shortening, and x-rays were evaluated. RESULTS: : Twenty-two men and 20 women were reviewed. The youngest patient was 18 years old and the oldest 65 years old, with a mean age of 42.4 years (±11.2). The minimum follow-up was 2 years, with a mean of 10.2 years. The average time elapsed between initial fracture and osteotomy was 6.5 months. Twel-ve cases were neglected femoral neck fractures. Nineteen patients were classified as Garden III, and 23 patients as Garden IV. After valgus osteotomy, non-union healing was observed in 38 patients (38/42; 90.4%). Healing of thirty-seven cases of pseudoarthrosis were obtained after the first-attempt osteotomy, and one case required two operations for healing. The osteotomy failed in four cases. Conside-ring the healed osteotomies, good to excellent functional results were achieved in 80.9% (34/42) of the patients. Total hip replacement was subsequently performed in 14.2% (6/42) of the patients for unfavoura-ble outcomes (two for cutting out, two for osteonecrosis, and two for osteoarthritis). CONCLUSIONS: : Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy has a high success rate in archiving healing in femoral neck non-union with good functional results. It is a biological and effective method. Level of Evidence IV, Therapeutic Study.

Correlation between patient age at total hip replacement surgery and lifeexpectancy.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most cost-effective hip surgeries among orthopedic procedures. We conducted an extensive literature review with 5,394 papers regarding survival rates after THA. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from January 1(st), 1970 to July 31(th), 2014 looking for all citations about total hip arthroplasty with a long term follow-up (longer than 10 years). The criteria were rigorous: no loss of follow-up, and follow-up more than 10 years. The authors should have known the complete history of patients (whether the patient is alive or dead). Considering the criteria, we found only 15 papers. To evaluate the relationship between follow-up and survival, a linear regression analysis was applied. Considering the papers analysed, and applying the search criteria, we obtained a mean age for the patients above 57.5 years. The chance of survival at 15 years was 57.6%, at 20 years it was 34.6% and at 25 years it is only 11.6%. The relationship between follow-up and survival was significantly linear (p <0.001). Only 11.6% of patients undergoing THA will be still alive 25 years after the surgical procedure. Level of Evidence I, Prognostic Study.

BLEEDING OF FEMORAL HEAD DURING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR OSTEOARTHROSIS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bleeding of the femoral head on hip osteoarthritis in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: One hundred and three hips affected by primary hip osteoarthritis were evaluated. After surgical dislocation, the femoral head was divided into four quadrants, and micro perforations were made in order to observe and assess the presence of bleeding, as early type (EB), late type (LB) or without bleeding (WB). RESULTS: We observed early bleeding (EB) in the upper quadrant in 16 hips (15.5%), late bleeding in 14 hips (13.6%) and no bleeding (WB) in 73 hips (70.9%). The anterior quadrant showed EB in 24 hips (23.3%), LB in 7 hips (6.8%) and WB in 72 hips (69.9%). The lower quadrant presented EB in 40 hips (38.8%), LB 14 hips (13.6%) and WB in 49 hips (47.6%). The posterior quadrant showed EB in 39 hips (37.9%), LB 19 hips (18.4%) and WB in 45 hips (43.7%). Comparing BMI and gender, we found no association between these parameters (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The inferior and posterior quadrant had the highest bleeding levels, following the path of the medial circumflex artery. Level of Evidence III, Therapeutic Study.