Perioperative Changes in Serum Transaminase Levels: Impact on Postoperative Morbidity Following Liver Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To define how dynamic changes in pre- versus post-operative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels may impact postoperative morbidity after curative-intent resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion can occur at the time of liver resection and may be associated with adverse outcomes following liver resection. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative resection for HCC between 2010-2020 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Changes in AST and ALT (CAA) on postoperative day (POD) 3 versus preoperative values () were calculated using the formula: based on a fusion index via Euclidean norm, which was examined relative to the comprehensive complication index (CCI). The impact of CAA on CCI was assessed by the restricted cubic spline regression and Random Forest analyses. RESULTS: A total of 759 patients were included in the analytic cohort. Median CAA was 1.7 (range, 0.9 to 3.25); 431 (56.8%) patients had a CAA<2, 215 (28.3%) patients with CAA 2-5, and 113 (14.9%) patients had CAA ≥5. The incidence of post-operative complications was 65.0% (n=493) with a median CCI of 20.9 (IQR, 20.9-33.5). Spline regression analysis demonstrated a non-linear incremental association between CAA and CCI. The optimal cutoff value of CAA=5 was identified by the recursive partitioning technique. After adjusting for other competing risk factors, CAA≥5 remained strongly associated with risk of post-operative complications (Ref. CAA<5, OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.05-2.55, P=0.03). In fact, the use of CAA to predict post-operative complications was very good in both the derivative (AUC 0.88) and external (ACU 0.86) cohorts (n=1137). CONCLUSIONS: CAA was an independent predictor of CCI after liver resection for HCC. Use of routine labs such as AST and ALT can help identify patients at highest risk of post-operative complications following HCC resection.

Analytical validation and algorithm improvement of HepatoPredict kit to assess hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis before a liver transplantation.

Objectives: To verify the analytical performance of the HepatoPredict kit, a novel tool developed to stratify Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients according to their risk of relapse after a Liver Transplantation (LT). Methods: The HepatoPredict tool combines clinical variables and a gene expression signature in an ensemble of machine-learning algorithms to forecast the benefit of a LT in HCC patients. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of this method, extensive analytical validation was conducted to verify its specificity and robustness. The experiments were designed following the guidelines for multi-target genomic assays such as ISO201395-2019, MIQE, CLSI-MM16, CLSI-MM17, and CLSI-EP17-A. The validation process included reproducibility between operators and between RNA extractions and RT-qPCR runs, and interference of input RNA levels or varying reagent levels. A recently retrained version of the HepatoPredict algorithms was also tested. Results: The validation process demonstrated that the HepatoPredict kit met the required standards for robustness (p > 0.05), analytical specificity (inclusivity of 95 %), and sensitivity (LoB, LoD, linear range, and amplification efficiency between 90 and 110 %). The operator, equipment, input RNA, and reagents used had no significant effect on the HepatoPredict results. Additionally, the testing of a recently retrained version of the HepatoPredict algorithm, showed that this new version further improved the accuracy of the kit and performed better than existing clinical criteria in accurately identifying HCC patients who are more likely to benefit LT. Conclusions: Even with the introduced variations in molecular and clinical variables, the HepatoPredict kit's prognostic information remains consistent. It can accurately identify HCC patients who are more likely to benefit from a LT. Its robust performance also confirms that it can be easily integrated into standard diagnostic laboratories.

WEIGHT REGAIN AND THE METABOLIC PROFILE OF WOMEN IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF BARIATRIC SURGERY: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS.

BACKGROUND: Weight regain in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery is directly related to the relapse of preoperative comorbidities and a negative impact on the patients' biochemical profile. AIMS: To assess the metabolic impact of weight regain on preoperative comorbidities and on patients' biochemical profiles, in order to show the impact of the complications on the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with 75 women in the late postoperative period of bariatric surgery who presented pathological weight regain (≥20% of the maximum weight loss). Data of interest consisted of glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profile measurements at three different moments of evaluation: preoperative period, at the weight nadir (minimum weight), and after weight regain. A multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.39±12.09 years. Preoperative body mass index was 40.10±4.11 kg/m2. There was an overall increase of 3.36 points in the mean body mass index between the nadir and after regain: from 26.30±3.9 kg/m2 to 29.66±4.66 kg/m2. The mean time to reach the nadir was 18±7.6 months, with an average percentage of excess weight loss of 91.08±11.8%. The median time for pathological weight regain was 48 months, and the mean regain amongst the sample was 8.85±5.65 kg. There was a significant correlation between pathological weight regain and levels of insulin (r=0.351; p<0.011), C-peptide (r=0.303; p<0.011), C-reactive protein (r=0.402; p<0.001), and vitamin D (r=-0.435; p<0.001), the last two being the most influenced by the percentage of weight regained. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological weight regain in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery results in losses in the patients' metabolic and inflammatory profiles. However, the biochemical benefits are sustained up to the preoperative levels of the parameters analyzed.

Methotrexate-Induced Stroke-Like Syndrome: A Typical Presentation of a Rare Complication.

Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the mainstay drugs used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) management; however, it can cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS), typically to the subcortical white matter. Stroke-like syndrome is one particular form of MTX-related neurotoxicity that occurs within 21 days of methotrexate administration (intrathecal or high-dose intravenous treatment). The clinical picture comprehends fluctuating neurological symptoms evoking acute cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage (paresis or paralysis, speech disorders - aphasia and/or dysarthria, altered mental status, and occasionally seizures), with spontaneous resolution in the majority of cases, without other identifiable cause. The typical neuroimage includes areas of restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging and non-enhancing T2 hyper-intense lesions in the white matter, on brain MRI. We report a 12-year-old boy with low-risk B-ALL without CNS involvement, who presented to the emergency department with complaints of sudden paresis of the four limbs (more severe on the right side), aphasia, and confusion. He had received one dose of intrathecal MTX 11 days prior to this episode. An angio-MRI of the brain revealed bilateral restricted diffusion areas in the centrum semiovale, and symptoms fluctuated until complete neurological recovery without any medical intervention, which is very suggestive of MTX-related neurotoxicity. This case illustrates a rare complication of MTX administration that presented with typical clinical and radiological characteristics, in an adolescent with hematological malignancy who experienced swift and full neurological recovery.

Survival benefit of pediatric-based regimen for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single-center retrospective cohort

ABSTRACT Introduction: Improving survival of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in adult patients has been a challenge. Despite intensive chemotherapy treatment, overall survival is poor. However, several studies demonstrate that young adult patients have better survival when treated with pediatric-based intensive regimens. Considering these results, We decided to treat newly diagnosed ALL patients according to age and risk factors. The goal of this study was to describe the results of this intensive chemotherapy treatment approach for ALL adult patients diagnosed at our institution. Methods: Fifty-eight ALL patients, diagnosed from 2004 to 2013, were included in the analysis. Patients were assigned to either the St. Jude Total Therapy XIIIB high-risk arm (St Jude) or the CALGB 8811 (CALGB). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for the survival analyses and the Cox proportional hazard regression, for multivariable analysis. Results: The overall survival was 22.9% at 10 years. The St. Jude improved survival, compared to the CALGB (p = 0.007), with 32.6% vs. 7.4% survival rate at 10 years. However, no survival benefit was found for patients younger than 20 years old (p = 0.32). The multivariable analysis demonstrated that undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) had beneficial impact on survival (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: ALL is a disease of poor prognosis for adults. The joint effort to standardize treatment and seek solutions is the way to start improving this scenario.

Possibilities of the nurse's action in front of the effects of social isolation on the patient with chronic pain: integrative review / Possibilidades de atuação do enfermeiro frente aos efeitos do isolamento social no paciente com dor crônica: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social isolation, as experienced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, has triggered psychological and neuropsychiatric problems; these conditions can aggravate chronic pain crises. It is also known that social relationships play an important role in pain and emotions. Chronic pain (CP) is a challenging disease, especially in terms of its multifaceted mechanisms and treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of nurses' work with patients with CP and the impact of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. CONTENTS: This is an integrative review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS) and Medline via Pubmed databases of the National Library of Medicine. To select the articles, the following descriptors in health sciences and Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MeSh) were considered: "Social isolation", "Chronic pain", "COVID-19", "Nursing care" and "Patient care planning", with their synonyms/alternative terms. A total of 45,703 articles were found; based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected. This study hoped to answer the following guiding questions: "how do nurses work with individuals with CP during the social isolation caused by COVID-19?", and "what are the consequences of social isolation for this population due to the COVID-19 pandemic?". Of the 27 articles, most were published in North America and Europe, and three in Brazil. The population most affected by CP are seniors, women and people on low incomes. In terms of profession, only three of the 27 articles were published by nurses. The data was discussed considering the work of nurses with individuals with CP, especially through telehealth, as well as the impacts that people with CP have suffered from social isolation during the coronavirus pandemic. CONCLUSION: There is a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of nurses with individuals with CP in social isolation, suggesting the need for further studies in this area, mainly at the national level. From the studies found, it was evidenced that individuals who live with CP have the multiple dimensions of the human being affected, but that in this moment of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the worst commitment was the emotional one. Thus, with the continued rise of telehealth and the possibility of future pandemics, it is recommended to move the existing guidelines for the formal development of telehealth competencies towards relevant curricular content and clinical experience for all nursing programs.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O isolamento social, como vivenciado no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, desencadeou problemas psicológicos e neuropsiquiátricos; essas condições podem agravar as crises de dor crônicas. Além disso, é sabido que as relações sociais têm um papel importante na dor e nas emoções. A dor crônica (DC) apresenta-se como uma doença desafiadora, sobretudo quanto aos seus mecanismos multifacetados e ao seu tratamento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi trazer uma maior compreensão da atuação do enfermeiro nos pacientes com DC e do impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19. CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Medline via Pubmed da National Library of Medicine. Para a seleção dos artigos foram considerados os descritores em ciências da saúde e Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MeSh): "Isolamento social", "Dor crônica", "COVID-19", "Cuidados de enfermagem" e "Planejamento de assistência ao paciente", com os seus sinônimos/termos alternativos. Foram encontrados 45.703 artigos; a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 27 artigos. Este estudo esperou responder às seguintes perguntas norteadoras: "qual a atuação do enfermeiro com o indivíduo com DC durante o isolamento social da COVID-19?", e "quais as consequências do isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19 para essa população?". Dos 27 artigos, a maior parte foi publicada na América do Norte e Europa, e três no Brasil. A população mais afetada pela DC são idosos, mulheres e pessoas de baixa renda. Em relação à profissão, dos 27 artigos somente três foram publicados por enfermeiros. Os dados foram discutidos considerando a atuação do enfermeiro para com o indivíduo com DC, em especial por meio da telessaúde, bem como os impactos que as pessoas com DC sofreram com o isolamento social durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma significativa lacuna na literatura no que tange à atuação do enfermeiro com indivíduos com DC em isolamento social, sugerindo a necessidade de maiores estudos nessa área, principalmente a nível nacional. Nos estudos encontrados, foi evidenciado que indivíduos que vivem com DC possuem as múltiplas dimensões humanas afetadas, mas nesse momento de isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19 a dimensão de pior comprometimento foi a emocional. Assim, com o aumento contínuo da telessaúde e a possibilidade de futuras pandemias, recomenda-se mover as diretrizes existentes para o desenvolvimento formal de competências da telessaúde por conteúdo curricular relevante e experiência clínica para todos os programas de enfermagem.

Brazilian guide to nutrition in bariatric and metabolic surgery.

PURPOSE: Brazilian nutrition recommendations for bariatric and metabolic surgery aim to provide knowledge, based on scientific evidence, on nutritional practices related to different surgical techniques in the surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was carried out with the appropriate MeSH terms using Medline/Pubmed/LiLACS and the Cochrane database, with the established criteria being based on the inclusion of articles according to the degree of recommendation and strength of evidence of the Classification of Recommendations, Evaluation, Development, and Evaluation System (GRADE). RESULTS: The recommendations that make up this guide were gathered to assist in the individualized clinical practice of nutritionists in the nutritional management of patients with obesity, including nutritional management in the intragastric balloon; pre and postoperative nutritional treatment and supplementation in bariatric and metabolic surgeries (adolescents, adults, elderly, pregnant women, and vegetarians); hypoglycemia and reactive hyperinsulinemia; and recurrence of obesity, gut microbiota, and inflammatory bowel diseases. CONCLUSION: We believe that this guide of recommendations will play a decisive role in the clinical practice of nutritionists who work in bariatric and metabolic surgery, with its implementation in health services, thus promoting quality and safety in the treatment of patients with obesity. The concept of precision nutrition is expected to change the way we understand and treat these patients.

High levels of pro-inflammatory SARS-CoV-2-specific biomarkers revealed by in vitro whole blood cytokine release assay (CRA) in recovered and long-COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and hyperinflammatory responses have been associated with poor clinical outcomes, with progression to severe conditions or long-term subacute complications named as long-COVID-19. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate a set of antigen-specific inflammatory cytokines in blood from recovered COVID-19 individuals or who suffered a post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to healthy individuals with no history of COVID-19 exposition or infection. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17A were quantified by multiplex cytometric bead assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after stimulation of whole blood with recombinant Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, all participants have evaluated for anti-(S) protein-specific IgG antibodies. Clinical specimens were collected within two months of COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 47 individuals were enrolled in the study, a median age of 43 years (IQR = 14.5), grouped into healthy individuals with no history of infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (unexposed group; N = 21); and patients from the Health Complex of the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil, who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR (COVID-19 group)-categorized as recovered COVID-19 (N = 11) or long-COVID-19 (N = 15). All COVID-19 patients presented at least one signal or symptom during the first two weeks of infection. Six patients were hospitalized and required invasive mechanical ventilation. Our results showed that COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 than the unexposed group. The long-COVID-19 group has presented significantly high levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 compared to unexposed individuals, but not from recovered COVID-19. A principal-component analysis demonstrated 84.3% of the total variance of inflammatory-SARS-CoV-2 response in the first two components, and it was possible to stratify IL-6, TNF, IL-1ß, IL-10, and IL-2 as the top-five cytokines which are candidates to discriminate COVID-19 group (including long-COVID-19 subgroup) and healthy unexposed individuals. CONCLUSION: We revealed important S protein-specific differential biomarkers in individuals affected by COVID-19, bringing new insights into the inflammatory status or SARS-CoV-2 exposition determination.

Genus Streptomyces: Recent advances for biotechnological purposes.

Actinomycetes are a distinct group of filamentous bacteria. The Streptomyces genus within this group has been extensively studied over the years, with substantial contributions to society and science. This genus is known for its antimicrobial production, as well as antitumor, biopesticide, and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the extraordinary plasticity of the Streptomyces genus has inspired new research techniques. The newest way of exploring Streptomyces has comprised the discovery of new natural metabolites and the application of emerging tools such as CRISPR technology in drug discovery. In this narrative review, we explore relevant published literature concerning the ongoing novelties of the Streptomyces genus.

Low doses of 3-phenyl-lawsone or meglumine antimoniate delivery by tattooing route are successful in reducing parasite load in cutaneous lesions of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis-infected hamsters.

Current therapeutic ways adopted for the treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic and expensive including parasite resistance is a growing problem. Given this scenario, it is urgent to explore treatment alternatives for leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3-phenyl-lawsone (3-PL) naphthoquinone on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection, both in vitro and in vivo, using two local routes of administration: subcutaneous (higher dose) and tattoo (lower dose). In vitro 3-PL showed low toxicity for macrophages (CC50 >3200 µM/48h) and activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 193 ± 19 µM/48h) and promastigotes (IC50 = 116 ± 26 µM/72h), in which induced increased ROS generation. Additionally, 3-PL up-regulated the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in infected macrophages. However, the anti-amastigote action was independent of nitric oxide production. Treatment of hamsters infected with L. (V.) braziliensis from one week after infection with 3-PL by subcutaneous (25 µg/Kg) or tattooing (2.5 µg/Kg) route, during 3 weeks (3 times/week) or 2 weeks (2 times/week) significantly decreased the parasite load (p<0.001) in the lesion. The reduction of parasite load by 3-PL treatment was comparable to reference drug meglumine antimoniate administered by the same routes (subcutaneous 1mg/Kg and tattoo 0.1mg/Kg). In addition, treatment started from five weeks after infection with 3-PL per tattoo also decreased the parasite load. These results show the anti-leishmanial effect of 3-PL against L. (V.) braziliensis and its efficacy by subcutaneous (higher dose) and tattoo (lower dose) routes. In addition, this study shows that drug delivery by tattooing the lesion allows the use of lower doses than the conventional subcutaneous route, which may support the development of a new therapeutic strategy that can be adopted for leishmaniasis.

The amygdala lesioning due to status epilepticus - Changes in mechanisms controlling chloride homeostasis.

OBJECTIVE: Amygdala has been demonstrated as one of the brain sites involved in the control of cardiorespiratory functioning. The structural and physiological alterations induced by epileptic activity are also present in the amygdala and reflect functional changes that may be directly associated with a sudden unexpected death. Seizures are always associated with neuronal damage and changes in the expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and Na/K pumps. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate if these changes are present in the amygdala after induction of status epilepticus with pilocarpine, which may be directly correlated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). METHODS: Pilocarpine-treated wistar rats 60 days after Status Epilepticus (SE) were compared with control rats. Amygdala nuclei of brain slices immunostained for NKCC1, KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase, were quantified by optical densitometry. RESULTS: The amygdaloid complex of the animals submitted to SE had no significant difference in the NKCC1 immunoreactivity, but KCC2 immunoreactivity reduced drastically in the peri-somatic sites and in the dendritic-like processes. The α1-Na+/K+-ATPase peri-somatic immunoreactivity was intense in the rats submitted to pilocarpine SE when compared with control rats. The pilocarpine SE also promoted intense GFAP staining, specifically in the basolateral and baso-medial nuclei with astrogliosis and cellular debris deposition. INTERPRETATION: The findings revealed that SE induces lesion changes in the expression of KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase meaning intense change in the chloride regulation in the amygdaloid complex. These changes may contribute to cardiorespiratory dysfunction leading to SUDEP.

Copy number variation in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: A large case series of sporadic non-syndromic patients and literature review.

Abnormal hypothalamic/posterior pituitary development appears to be a major determinant of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). The observation of familial cases and associated congenital abnormalities suggests a genetic basis. Single-gene mutations explain less than 5% of the cases, and whole exome sequencing has shown heterogeneous results. The present study aimed to assess copy number variation (CNV) using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in patients with non-syndromic PSIS and comprehensively review data from the literature on CNV analysis in congenital hypopituitarism (CH) patients. Twenty-one patients with sporadic CH from our outpatient clinics presented with ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) and no central nervous system abnormalities on magnetic resonance image (MRI) or any other malformations on physical examination at presentation were enrolled in the study. aCGH using a whole-genome customized 400K oligonucleotide platform was performed in our patients. For the literature review, we searched for case reports of patients with CH and CNV detected by either karyotype or aCGH reported in PubMed up to November 2021. Thirty-five distinct rare CNVs were observed in 18 patients (86%) and two of them (6%) were classified as pathogenic: one deletion of 1.8 Mb in chromosome 17 (17q12) and one deletion of 15 Mb in chromosome 18 (18p11.32p11.21), each one in a distinct patient. In the literature review, 67 pathogenic CNVs were published in 83 patients with CH, including the present study. Most of these patients had EPP (78% out of the 45 evaluated by sellar MRI) and were syndromic (70%). The most frequently affected chromosomes were X, 18, 20 and 1. Our study has found that CNV can be a mechanism of genetic abnormality in non-syndromic patients with CH and EPP. In future studies, one or more genes in those CNVs, both pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance, may be considered as good candidate genes.

Survival benefit of pediatric-based regimen for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single-center retrospective cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Improving survival of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in adult patients has been a challenge. Despite intensive chemotherapy treatment, overall survival is poor. However, several studies demonstrate that young adult patients have better survival when treated with pediatric-based intensive regimens. Considering these results, We decided to treat newly diagnosed ALL patients according to age and risk factors. The goal of this study was to describe the results of this intensive chemotherapy treatment approach for ALL adult patients diagnosed at our institution. METHODS: Fifty-eight ALL patients, diagnosed from 2004 to 2013, were included in the analysis. Patients were assigned to either the St. Jude Total Therapy XIIIB high-risk arm (St Jude) or the CALGB 8811 (CALGB). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for the survival analyses and the Cox proportional hazard regression, for multivariable analysis. RESULTS: The overall survival was 22.9% at 10 years. The St. Jude improved survival, compared to the CALGB (p = 0.007), with 32.6% vs. 7.4% survival rate at 10 years. However, no survival benefit was found for patients younger than 20 years old (p = 0.32). The multivariable analysis demonstrated that undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) had beneficial impact on survival (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: ALL is a disease of poor prognosis for adults. The joint effort to standardize treatment and seek solutions is the way to start improving this scenario.

Weight regain and the metabolic profile of women in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery: a multivariate analysis / Reganho de peso e perfil metabólico de mulheres no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica: análise multiariada

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight regain in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery is directly related to the relapse of preoperative comorbidities and a negative impact on the patients' biochemical profile. AIMS: To assess the metabolic impact of weight regain on preoperative comorbidities and on patients' biochemical profiles, in order to show the impact of the complications on the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with 75 women in the late postoperative period of bariatric surgery who presented pathological weight regain (≥20% of the maximum weight loss). Data of interest consisted of glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profile measurements at three different moments of evaluation: preoperative period, at the weight nadir (minimum weight), and after weight regain. A multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.39±12.09 years. Preoperative body mass index was 40.10±4.11 kg/m2. There was an overall increase of 3.36 points in the mean body mass index between the nadir and after regain: from 26.30±3.9 kg/m2 to 29.66±4.66 kg/m2. The mean time to reach the nadir was 18±7.6 months, with an average percentage of excess weight loss of 91.08±11.8%. The median time for pathological weight regain was 48 months, and the mean regain amongst the sample was 8.85±5.65 kg. There was a significant correlation between pathological weight regain and levels of insulin (r=0.351; p<0.011), C-peptide (r=0.303; p<0.011), C-reactive protein (r=0.402; p<0.001), and vitamin D (r=-0.435; p<0.001), the last two being the most influenced by the percentage of weight regained. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological weight regain in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery results in losses in the patients' metabolic and inflammatory profiles. However, the biochemical benefits are sustained up to the preoperative levels of the parameters analyzed.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Reganho de peso no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica está diretamente relacionado à recidiva das comorbidades pré-operatórias e a um impacto negativo no perfil bioquímico desses pacientes. OBJETIVOS: avaliar o impacto metabólico do reganho de peso nas comorbidades pré-operatórias e no perfil bioquímico desses pacientes, a fim de mostrar o impacto das complicações nos desfechos metabólicos finais da cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que analisou 75 mulheres no pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia bariátrica que apresentaram reganho patológico de peso (=20% do máximo de peso perdido). Foram coletados dados referentes às medidas dos perfis glicêmico, lipídico e inflamatório em três momentos distintos de avaliação: no pré-operatório, no nadir de peso (menor peso) e após o reganho ponderal. Foi realizada uma análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 46.39±12.09 anos. IMC médio pré-operatório foi 40.10±4.11 kg/m2. Houve um aumento de 3,36 pontos no IMC médio entre o nadir e após reganho: de 26.30±3.9 Kg/m2 para 29.66±4.66 Kg/m2. O tempo médio para atingir o nadir foi de 18±7.6 meses, com uma %PEP de 91.08±11.8%. O tempo médio para o reganho patológico foi de 48 meses, e a média de reganho foi 8.85±5.65 kg. Houve correlação significativa entre o reganho patológico e os níveis de insulina (r=0.351; p<0.011), peptídeo C (r=0.303; p<0.011), proteína C reativa (r=0.402; p<0.001) e vitamina D (r=-0.435; p<0.001), sendo os dois últimos os mais influenciados pela porcentagem de reganho de peso. CONCLUSÕES: O reganho de peso patológico no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica resulta em prejuízos ao perfil metabólico e inflamatório dos pacientes. No entanto, os benefícios bioquímicos perduram em relação aos níveis pré-operatórios dos parâmetros analisados

Avaliação da implantação da Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência no Sistema Único de Saúde: um estudo de casos múltiplos / Evaluation of the implementation of the Care Network for People with Disabilities in the Brazilian Unified National Health System: a multiple case study / Evaluación de la implementación de la Red de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad en el Sistema Único de Salud: un estudio de caso múltiple

Resumo: A Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência (RCPCD) foi implantada em 2012 como desdobramento das ações do Plano Viver sem Limite, sendo objeto de pesquisas recentes, entretanto, não foram encontrados estudos de avaliação do grau de implantação dessa rede. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o grau de implantação da RCPCD em oito estados nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras. Realizou-se estudo de casos múltiplos mediante pesquisa avaliativa do grau de implantação da RCPCD nos estados/casos: Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um modelo lógico da política e uma matriz de medidas. O grau de implantação de sete estados foi classificado como moderado, somente o Amazonas obteve grau de implantação incipiente. Foram identificadas diferenças importantes na avaliação de cada fase desse processo, as fases de diagnóstico regional e adesão à rede obtiveram grau de implantação de moderado a avançado na maioria dos estados. Na fase da contratualização dos serviços, nenhum estado alcançou o grau avançado de implantação e a fase de acompanhamento e monitoramento da RCPCD basicamente não ocorreu em todos os estados. A matriz de medidas permite avaliar o grau de implantação da RCPCD. Ainda, o reconhecimento dos resultados do grau de implantação pelos grupos condutores e áreas técnicas estaduais referendou o uso desse instrumento. Salienta-se a necessidade de ações para o aprimoramento dessa implantação, tais como: fortalecer a regionalização, instituir grupos condutores regionais, garantir mecanismos de contratualização e definir critérios para certificação dos pontos de atenção.

Abstract: The Care Network for People with Disabilities (RCPCD) was implemented in 2012 as a consequence of the actions of the Viver sem Limite (Living without Limits) plan and has been the research object of recent studies. However, no published studies address the degree of implementation of this network. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of implementation of the RCPCD in eight states in the five regions of Brazil. This multiple case study performed evaluative research of the degree of implementation of the RCPCD in the states of Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul, and São Paulo. A logical model of the policy and a measurement matrix were developed. The degree of implementation of seven states was moderate, but Amazonas had an incipient degree of implementation. The evaluation of each stage of the process showed important differences, as the regional diagnosis and network adhesion stages presented moderate to advanced degrees of implementation in most states. In the service contracting stage, no state had an advanced degree of implementation, and the stage of follow-up and monitoring of the RCPCD was not even reached. The measurement matrix helps evaluate the degree of implementation of the RCPCD, and, by recognizing its results, the state steering groups and technical area recommend its use. Actions to improve this implementation, such as strengthening regionalization, establishing regional steering groups, ensuring contracting mechanisms, and defining criteria for certification of the care points, are necessary.

Resumen: La Red de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad (RCPCD) se implementó en 2012 en el Sistema Único de Salud como resultado de las acciones del Plan Vivir sin Límite, y es objeto de una investigación reciente; sin embargo, no hay estudios de evaluación del grado de implementación de esta red. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el grado de implementación de la RCPCD en ocho estados de las cinco regiones geográficas brasileñas. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple mediante una investigación evaluativa sobre el grado de implementación de la RCPCD en los estados/casos: Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul y São Paulo. Para ello, se elaboraron un modelo lógico de la política y una matriz de medidas. El grado de implementación de siete estados se clasificó como moderado, solamente Amazonas obtuvo un grado de implementación incipiente. Se identificaron diferencias importantes en la evaluación de cada fase de este proceso, las fases de diagnóstico regional y adhesión a la red lograron un grado de implementación de moderado a avanzado en la mayoría de los estados. En la fase de contratación de los servicios, ningún estado alcanzó el nivel avanzado de implementación, y la fase de seguimiento y monitoreo de la RCPCD básicamente no se realizó en todos los estados. La matriz de medidas permite evaluar el grado de implementación de la RCPCD, y el reconocimiento de los resultados del grado de implementación por parte de los grupos de dirección y el área técnica de los estados avaló su uso. Son necesarias más acciones para mejorar esta implementación, tales como: fortalecer la regionalización, establecer grupos de dirección regional, garantizar mecanismos de contratación y definir criterios para la certificación de puntos de atención.

Análise temporal de indicadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família sob o olhar da Política Nacional da Atenção Básica / Análisis temporal de los indicadores de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia desde la perspectiva de la Política Nacional de la Atención Básica / Temporal analysis of Family Health Strategy indicators from the perspective of the Brazilian National Primary Health Care Policy

Ao longo das três versões da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) alterações foram realizadas em relação à estruturação da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com destaque para modificações em relação ao caráter prioritário da ESF como estratégia de organização e de cuidado na atenção básica. O objetivo foi analisar tendências temporais de indicadores referentes à ESF sob o olhar das três versões da PNAB 2006, 2011 e 2017. Estudo descritivo de tendência temporal de indicadores selecionados a partir de modelo lógico construído por componentes referentes à ESF nas três versões da PNAB. O modelo lógico foi elaborado baseado nos componentes Território/Adscrição, Equipes, Processo de Trabalho, Planejamento e Gestão do Território, e Cuidados à Grupos Prioritários pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família, sendo cada um representado por indicadores selecionados. A construção das séries temporais entre 2007 e 2020, nacional e regionais, foi realizada utilizando o software Joinpoint. A maioria dos indicadores apresentou tendência de crescimento nos primeiros segmentos temporais identificados pelos modelos, seguidos por seguimentos de estabilidade ou queda, principalmente após o ano de 2017. Destaca-se o indicador Número de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que apresentou queda após 2017 na maioria das regiões geográficas e no Brasil. A PNAB 2017 pode ter proporcionado um desestimulo à continuidade e ampliação da ESF como modelo prioritário da atenção básica, ao permitir e financiar novos arranjos e processos de trabalhos de equipes.

A lo largo de las tres versiones de la Política Nacional de Atención Básica (PNAB) alteraciones fueron realizadas en relación con la estructuración de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF), con destaque para modificaciones en relación con el carácter prioritario de la ESF como estrategia de organización y de cuidado en la atención básica. El objetivo fue analizar tendencias temporales de los indicadores referentes a la ESF desde la perspectiva de las tres versiones de la PNAB, 2006, 2011 y 2017. Estudio descriptivo de la tendencia temporal de los indicadores seleccionados a partir del modelo lógico construido por componentes referentes a la ESF en las tres versiones de la PNAB. El modelo lógico fue elaborado basado en los componentes Territorio/Adscripción, Equipos, Proceso de Trabajo, Planificación y Gestión del Territorio y Atención a Grupos Prioritarios por Equipos de Salud de la Familia, siendo cada uno representado por indicadores seleccionados. La construcción de las series temporales entre 2007 y 2020, nacional y regional, se realizó utilizando el software Joinpoint. La mayoría de los indicadores presentaron una tendencia de crecimiento en los primeros segmentos temporales identificados por los modelos, seguidos por segmentos de estabilidad o la caída, principalmente después del año 2017. Se destaca el indicador Número de Agentes Comunitarios de Salud que presentó una caída después de 2017 en la mayoría de las regiones geográficas y en Brasil. La PNAB 2017 puede haber proporcionado un desaliento a la continuidad y ampliación de la ESF como modelo prioritario de la atención básica, al permitir y financiar nuevos arreglos y procesos de trabajo de los equipos.

Throughout the three editions of the Brazilian National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB), changes were made in relation to the structure of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), with emphasis on modifications concerning the priority nature of the FHS as an organization and care strategy in primary health care. The objective was to analyze temporal trends in indicators related to the FHS from the perspective of the three PNAB editions: 2006, 2011, and 2017. This is a descriptive study of the temporal trend of indicators selected from a logical model constructed by components related to the FHS in the three editions of the PNAB. The logical model was developed based on the components Territory/Enrollment, Teams, Work Process, Territory Planning and Management, and Care for Priority Groups by Family Health Teams, each one being represented by selected indicators. The construction of the national and regional time series between 2007 and 2020 was carried out using the Joinpoint software. Most of the indicators showed an upward trend in the first time segments identified by the models, followed by segments of stability or decrease, especially after the year 2017. The indicator Number of community health workers stands out, which decreased after 2017 in most geographical regions and in Brazil. The 2017 PNAB may have discouraged the continuation and expansion of the FHS as the priority model of primary health care, by allowing and financing new teamwork arrangements and processes.

Motivos para el ingreso en el posgrado stricto sensu - una investigación con estudiantes de una IES pública / Motivos para o ingresso na pós-graduação stricto sensu - uma pesquisa com estudantes de uma ies pública / Reasons for entering the stricto sensu postgraduate course - a survey with students from a public hei

No mundo gerido pelas relações de trabalho, a escolha por realizar um curso após a conclusão da graduação vislumbra possíveis perspectivas em termos profissionais. Fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, a pesquisa aqui apresentada teve como objetivo conhecer os motivos relatados por estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) para o ingresso no curso. De caráter quali-quanti, o estudo envolveu aplicação de questionário on-line, pela Plataforma SurveyMonkey, respondido por 374 estudantes de 36 programas de mestrado e doutorado. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) e da análise de conteúdo e propiciou a organização das respostas em quatro eixos de análise: a) Carreira acadêmica; b) Qualificação profissional para inserção no mercado de trabalho e aumento salarial; c) Aprofundar conhecimentos / Pesquisa, d) Questões pessoais/ Falta de opção. Os processos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento precisam ser compreendidos e mediados por ações pedagógicas intencionalmente elaboradas e destinadas a esse público na universidade. Além disso, o motivo gerador de sentido para a realização de um mestrado ou doutorado precisa vincular-se ao significado social da pós-graduação de modo ampliado, visando à formação e à emancipação humana.

En el mundo dirigido por las relaciones de trabajo, la elección por realizar un curso tras la conclusión de la graduación vislumbra posibles perspectivas en términos profesionales. Fundamentada en la Psicología Histórico-cultural, la investigación aquí presentada tuvo como objetivo conocer los motivos relatados por estudiantes de posgrado stricto sensu de la Universidad Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) para el ingreso en el curso. De carácter cuali-cuanti, el estudio abarcó aplicación de cuestionario on-line, por la Plataforma SurveyMonkey, contestado por 374 estudiantes de 36 programas de maestría y doctorado. El análisis de datos se realizó por intermedio del Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) y del análisis de contenido y propició la organización de las respuestas en cuatro ejes de análisis: a) Carrera académica; b) Cualificación profesional para inserción en el mercado laboral y aumento salarial; c) Profundizar conocimientos / Pesquisa, d) Cuestiones personales/ Falta de opción. Los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo necesitan ser comprendidos y mediados por acciones pedagógicas intencionalmente elaboradas y destinadas a ese público en la universidad. Además de eso, el motivo generador de sentido para la realización de un curso de maestría o doctorado necesita vincularse al significado social del posgrado de modo ampliado, visando la formación y a la emancipación humana.

In the world managed by labor relations, choosing to take a course after completing graduation envisions possible perspectives in professional terms. Based on Historical-Cultural Psychology, the research presented here aimed to know the reasons reported by stricto sensu graduate students at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) for entering the course. It is a quali-quanti nature study, which involved the application of an online questionnaire, through the SurveyMonkey Platform, answered by 374 students from 36 master's and doctoral programs. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis and allowed the organization of responses into four axes of analysis: a) Academic career; b) Professional qualification for insertion in the labor market and salary increase; c) Deepening knowledge / Research, d) Personal issues / Lack of options. The learning and development processes need to be understood and mediated by pedagogical actions intentionally designed and aimed at this public at the university. In addition, the reason that generates meaning for pursuing a master's or doctorate needs to be linked to the social meaning of postgraduate studies in an expanded way, aiming at training and human emancipation.

The amygdala lesioning due to status epilepticus - Changes in mechanisms controlling chloride homeostasis

Objective: Amygdala has been demonstrated as one of the brain sites involved in the control of cardiorespiratory functioning. The structural and physiological alterations induced by epileptic activity are also present in the amygdala and reflect functional changes that may be directly associated with a sudden unexpected death. Seizures are always associated with neuronal damage and changes in the expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and Na/K pumps. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate if these changes are present in the amygdala after induction of status epilepticus with pilocarpine, which may be directly correlated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods: Pilocarpine-treated wistar rats 60 days after Status Epilepticus (SE) were compared with control rats. Amygdala nuclei of brain slices immunostained for NKCC1, KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase, were quantified by optical densitometry. Results: The amygdaloid complex of the animals submitted to SE had no significant difference in the NKCC1 immunoreactivity, but KCC2 immunoreactivity reduced drastically in the peri-somatic sites and in the dendritic-like processes. The α1-Na+/K+-ATPase peri-somatic immunoreactivity was intense in the rats submitted to pilocarpine SE when compared with control rats. The pilocarpine SE also promoted intense GFAP staining, specifically in the basolateral and baso-medial nuclei with astrogliosis and cellular debris deposition. Interpretation: The findings revealed that SE induces lesion changes in the expression of KCC2 and α1-Na + /K + -ATPase meaning intense change in the chloride regulation in the amygdaloid complex. These changes may contribute to cardiorespiratory dysfunction leading to SUDEP.

Uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados em pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo transversal / Use of potentially inappropriate medications by older adults in Primary Health Care: cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) pela população idosa e a concordância entre duas metodologias de avaliação no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método Estudo observacional transversal. Foi estimada a prevalência de pessoas idosas que utilizam MPI e fatores associados. Inicialmente foi calculada a frequência de medicamentos, entre os utilizados, considerados MPI. A classificação como MPI foi pelos Critérios de Beers 2019 e Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para idosos (CBMPI) 2016. Também avaliou-se a concordância entre as duas classificações. Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística multivariada para avaliação da associação pelo Odds Ratio (OR), e calculado Kappa para concordância entre os dois critérios de classificações. Resultados A prevalência de pessoas idosas que usavam MPI foi 32,9% pelos Critérios de Beers e 27,6% pelo CBMPI. Associações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001) ao uso de medicamentos inapropriados, pelos Critérios de Beers foram: relato de diabetes (OR=1,96), depressão (OR=2,25) e polifarmácia (OR=4,11). Pessoas idosas satisfeitas com a própria saúde tiveram menor chance de usarem MP, em ambas classificações, Critérios Beers (OR=0,02) e CBMPI (OR=0,09). A concordância entre as classificações foi muito boa (k=0,75, p<0,001). Conclusão Foram associados ao uso de MPI relato de diabetes e depressão, polifarmácia e satisfação negativa com a saúde. As associações foram semelhantes entre as duas classificações, indicando que ambas são pertinentes na identificação do uso de MPI em pessoas idosas usuárias da APS.

Abstract Objective To verify the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in use and possible associated factors in older adults and the agreement between two assessment tool in Primary Health Care (PHC) contex Methods Cross-sectional study. The prevalence of older adults in use of PIM and associated factors were estimated. First of all was calculated the frequency of drugs, among those used, considered PIM. Classification as PIM was based on the 2019 Beers Criteria and the 2016 Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medications 2016 (BCPIM) for the older adults. The agreement between the two classifications was also evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated. Association was evaluated by Odds Ratio (OR). Kappa was calculated for agreement between both classifications. Results The prevalence of older adults using MPI was 32.9%, according to Beers Criteria and 27.6% according to the BCPIM. The reports of diabetes (OR=1.96), depression (OR=2.25) and polypharmacy (OR=4.11) were associated (p<0.001) with the use of inappropriate medication, according to the Beers Criteria. Older adults who were very satisfied with their own health were less likely to use inappropriate medication both according to the Beers Criteria (OR=0.02) and the BCPIM (OR=0.09). Agreement between classifications was considered good (k=0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion Reports of diabetes and depression, polypharmacy and negative self-rated health and satisfaction were associated with PIM's use. The associations were similar between the two classifications, indicating that both are relevant in identifying PIM use in older adults in the context of PHC.