Assuntos
Endocrinologia/história , Hormônios/história , Ovulação , Adeno-Hipófise , Epônimos , Feminino , História do Século XX , HumanosAssuntos
Estrogênios/história , Retroalimentação/fisiologia , Áustria , Feminino , História do Século XX , HumanosRESUMO
From printed manuscripts of lectures held in August 1930 in London, we learn, that Carl R. Moore and Dorothy Price from Chicago, as well as Max Dohrn and Walter Hohlweg from Berlin, deduced, from different experiments, a negative feedback of oestrogens on the gonadotropic function of the anterior pituitary and--in general--a kybernetic system between pituitary and ovary. In 1975, both Price and Hohlweg claimed to be the discoverer of that system. A historical analysis reveals, that these priority claims are open to doubt.
Assuntos
Estrogênios/história , Gonadotropinas Hipofisárias/história , Adeno-Hipófise/fisiologia , Má Conduta Científica/história , Retroalimentação , Feminino , Alemanha , História do Século XX , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Between 1846 and 1848, the young Rudolf Virchow, prosector of the Charité in Berlin, actively participated in the sessions of the Berlin Obstetrical Society, founded in 1844 by Carl Mayer, his future father-in-law. Virchow presented papers on uterine prolapse, uric acid kidney-infarction of newborns, ovarian myxoid cystoma, and the puerperal state, to mention only the more important contributions. In 1847, Virchow became an extraordinary member of the Society. By introducing obstetricians (who also were gynecologists) to modern thinking in natural science, he was the scientific motor of that Society, so to speak. The March-revolution in 1848, in which he participated, interrupted these scientific activities. In 1849, the officials of the Society tried in vain to prevent Virchow from accepting the call to the chair of pathological anatomy at the University of Würzburg.
Assuntos
Obstetrícia/história , Sociedades Médicas/história , Berlim , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
In 1872, the castration of women was introduced as a therapeutic procedure. The ovaries were mainly removed because of nervous and mental diseases, uterine fibromyomata with menorrhagia, osteomalacia and carcinoma of the breast. These partially successful operations led to various hypotheses on the mechanism of ovarian action. It was only in 1895 that the cessation of hormonal production was assumed to be responsible for the effects of ovarian removal. The hypothesis of an internal secretion of the ovaries was eventually clearly supported by animal experiments around 1900.
Assuntos
Castração/história , Ovário/fisiologia , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Hormônios/fisiologia , Humanos , OvulaçãoAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Castração/história , Feminino , Alemanha , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , EscóciaRESUMO
The possibility of hormonal contraception was postulated as early as 1919 by the physiologist Ludwig Haberlandt in Innsbruck. The same year, he began to test his hypothesis in animal experiments. In 1924 he succeeded in his efforts to render mice infertil by orally administering ovarian and placental extracts. He failed to have his method tried in women.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção , Animais , Áustria , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/história , Estrogênios , Feminino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Ovário , Placenta , Gravidez , Progestinas , Extratos de TecidosAssuntos
Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Estrogênios/biossíntese , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândulas Suprarrenais/embriologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiologia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/fisiologia , Cesárea , Desidroepiandrosterona/sangue , Estradiol/sangue , Estriol/sangue , Estrona/sangue , Feminino , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Feto/fisiologia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Hidrocortisona/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal , Placenta/metabolismoRESUMO
PIP: Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma plasma testosterone and androstenedione, were determined daily in 5 women with mild to hirsutism and polycystic sclerotic ovaries, and in 2 normal controls. Blood was sampled daily for 10 days before and 10 days during administration of diethylstilbestrol 3 mg daily or norethindrone acetate 5 mg daily, during Cycle Days 2-12 in controls. FSH was significantly (p = .05 or less) decreased in 4 patients by diethylstilbestrol, and in the vehicle for serum triglyceride, pre-beta lipoprotein, was not significantly elevated in any subjects. Though the mechanism of these pills' effect on serum lipids is not known, although it appeared to increase in 4 patients and 1 control during stimulation. must produce caution in evaluating long-term oral contraceptive administration.^ieng