Exploring the influence of organ differentiation on biosynthesis and accumulation of camptothecin in Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. decumbens.

Genus Ophiorrhiza has recently emerged as one of the promising sources of Camptothecin (CPT), an antitumour monoterpene indole alkaloid. It possesses CPT in its every part and has a relatively short life span. To determine whether differentiation plays any role in the synthesis and/or accumulation of CPT, the concentration of CPT was analyzed across various tissues of Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. decumbens obtained through both direct as well as indirect modes of regeneration. The results revealed that the plants obtained from both types of regeneration showed similar levels of CPT. It was also observed that with differentiation, the accumulation of CPT increases, as the callus, being an undifferentiated mass of cells, had only traces of CPT. In contrast, the completely differentiated in-vitro plant obtained from it showed a significantly higher percentage of CPT in shoots (0.22% dry weight) and roots (0.247% dw). The CPT when analyzed after hardening, varied among different organs of the plant. It was also observed that the inflorescence accumulated the highest concentration of CPT (0.348% dw) once the flowering began, accompanied by a decrease in remaining organs. This decrease may result from CPT being mobilized to the inflorescence as a chemical defense mechanism. These findings allowed us to determine the ideal plant harvesting age for CPT extraction. The findings could be used to decide the right stage of plant harvest, which is just before the onset of blooming. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03999-4.

Exploring peptidomes of by-products generated during chhurpi production using Lactobacillus delbrueckii WS4 for identification of novel bioactive peptides.

The considerable value of whey is evident from its significant potential applications and contributions to the functional food and nutraceutical market. The by-products were individually obtained during functional chhurpi and novel soy chhurpi cheese production using defined lactic acid bacterial strains of Sikkim Himalaya's traditional chhurpi. Hydrolysis of substrate proteins by starter proteinases resulted in a comparable peptide content in whey and soy whey which was associated with antioxidant and ACE inhibition potential. Peptidome analysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii WS4 whey and soy whey revealed the presence of several bioactive peptides including the multifunctional peptides PVVVPPFLQPE and YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV. In silico analyses predicted the antihypertensive potential of whey and soy whey peptides with strong binding affinity for ACE active sites. QSAR models predicted the highest ACE inhibition potential (IC50) for the ß-casein-derived decapeptide PVRGPFPIIV (0.95 µM) and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein-derived nonapeptide KNKPLVVQF (16.64 µM). Chhurpi whey and soy whey can be explored as a valuable source of diverse and novel bioactive peptides for applications in designer functional foods development.

A novel thermotolerant L-rhamnose isomerase variant for biocatalytic conversion of D-allulose to D-allose.

A novel L-rhamnose isomerase was identified and cloned from an extreme-temperature aquatic habitat metagenome. The deduced amino acid sequence homology suggested the possible source of this metagenomic sequence to be Chloroflexus islandicus. The gene expression was performed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RIM) was extracted and purified. The catalytic function of L-RIM was characterized for D-allulose to D-allose bioconversion. D-Allose is a sweet, rare sugar molecule with anti-tumour, anti-hypertensive, cryoprotective, and antioxidative properties. The characterization experiments showed L-RIM to be a Co++- or Mn++-dependent metalloenzyme. L-RIM was remarkably active (~ 80%) in a broad spectrum of pH (6.0 to 9.0) and temperature (70 to 80 °C) ranges. Optimal L-RIM activity with D-allulose as the substrate occurred at pH 7.0 and 75 °C. The enzyme was found to be excessively heat stable, displaying a half-life of about 12 days and 5 days at 65 °C and 70 °C, respectively. L-RIM catalysis conducted at slightly acidic pH of 6.0 and 70 °C achieved biosynthesis of about 30 g L-1 from 100 g L-1 D-allulose in 3 h. KEY POINTS: • The present study explored an extreme temperature metagenome to identify a novel gene that encodes a thermostable l-rhamnose isomerase (L-RIM) • L-RIM exhibits substantial (80% or more) activity in a broad spectrum of pH (6.0 to 9.0) and temperature (70 to 80 °C) ranges • L-RIM is excessively heat stable, displaying a half-life of about 12 days and 5 days at 65 °C and 70 °C, respectively.

Noncanonical interaction with microtubules via the N-terminal nonmotor domain is critical for the functions of a bidirectional kinesin.

Several kinesin-5 motors (kinesin-5s) exhibit bidirectional motility. The mechanism of such motility remains unknown. Bidirectional kinesin-5s share a long N-terminal nonmotor domain (NTnmd), absent in exclusively plus-end-directed kinesins. Here, we combined in vivo, in vitro, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies to examine the impact of NTnmd mutations on the motor functions of the bidirectional kinesin-5, Cin8. We found that NTnmd deletion mutants exhibited cell viability and spindle localization defects. Using cryo-EM, we examined the structure of a microtubule (MT)-bound motor domain of Cin8, containing part of its NTnmd. Modeling and molecular dynamic simulations based on the cryo-EM map suggested that the NTnmd of Cin8 interacts with the C-terminal tail of ß-tubulin. In vitro experiments on subtilisin-treated MTs confirmed this notion. Last, we showed that NTnmd mutants are defective in plus-end-directed motility in single-molecule and antiparallel MT sliding assays. These findings demonstrate that the NTnmd, common to bidirectional kinesin-5s, is critical for their bidirectional motility and intracellular functions.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Elastography in Comparison with Dynamic Renal Nuclear Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Unilateral Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction.

INTRODUCTION: In hydronephrosis due to pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO), an obstruction to urine flow may lead to increased pelvic pressure, which may cause interstitial fibrosis and renal impairment. Recently, there have been reports on renal pelvic assessment using ultrasound elastography (USE). This study was conducted to see if USE can evaluate PUJO and if it can be correlated to the findings of the dynamic renal nuclear scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational study, only patients with unilateral PUJO underwent acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. A rectangular region of interest (ROI) measuring 5 × 10 mm was positioned on the cortex region of the upper, mid, and lower poles of the affected kidney. Three valid measurements were obtained, from which a mean value was calculated. A dynamic renal nuclear scan using Technetium-99m ethylene dicysteine (EC or TC99 m EC) was obtained and split renal function (SRF) was used for comparison. RESULTS: In the group of 20 patients, the mean age was 3.37 years. The mean SRF of the affected kidney was 26.65 %, and the corresponding USE value was 0.45 kpa. The Spearman's rho correlation coefficient for SRF and USE was 1 and 0.672, respectively (p = 0.001). Elastography was not feasible if SRF was less than 20 %. CONCLUSION: USE may be able to comment on the renal functional status of hydronephrosis. If USE is reported as non-feasible, it may suggest that renal function is grossly compromised. It may serve as an alternative diagnostic modality for renal functional evaluation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, Prospective Cohort Study.

Retrieval of a retained umbilical vein catheter at 6 months.

Umbilical venous catheterisation is carried out for the care of neonates who have very low birth weight and are critically ill. It is uncommon for catheter fragments to become fractured and retained. Here, we describe a case of a retained fractured umbilical vein catheter in an infant. An endovascular procedure to retrieve a catheter is the usual management option when the catheter has been accidentally cut and has moved proximally into a major vessel or inside the heart. It is rare to need open exploration and retrieval.

Adult Midgut Malrotation With Chronic Volvulus With Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Thrombosis: A Recherche.

Intestinal malrotation is primarily a surgical condition of neonates due to abnormal intestinal rotation during fetal development. Usually, the presentation is immediately after birth. Adult midgut malrotation is rare and primarily detected at laparotomy or incidental radiological imaging for various conditions. We report a sporadic case of a 35-year-old male who presented to the surgical outpatient department (OPD) complaining of dull aching abdominal pain after taking meals for two months. He was able to tolerate a liquid diet only and able to carry out his routine work comfortably. In imaging studies, it was found to be a case of midgut malrotation with volvulus and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis with collaterals without features of intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and a midgut volvulus was identified with Ladd's bands. He underwent exploratory laparotomy with Ladd's procedure. Postoperatively symptoms were resolved, and the patient was discharged in stable condition. If intestinal malrotation presents in adults, it is challenging to diagnose it as it presents with atypical symptoms like chronic vague abdominal pain and weight loss. Often radiological correlation is essential to diagnose such patients. For surgical intervention, a laparoscopic approach is considered better in expert hands. Even though the disease has a chronic course, a high index of suspicion should arise when treating such cases of intestinal malrotation in an adult male. Timely surgery can do miracles and prevent catastrophic complications.

Giant anterior abdominal wall desmoid tumor successfully managed with abdominal wall reconstruction.

Anterior abdominal wall fibromatosis is a benign soft tissue tumor that is rare, but fast-growing with minimal chances of malignant change. We report a young female with a large abdominal swelling which on evaluation was provisionally diagnosed as anterior abdominal wall fibromatosis on imaging and confirmed by histopathology. She was successfully managed with resection of the tumor with a challenging abdominal wall reconstruction with bilateral inferiorly based external oblique muscle flap followed by a mesh repair. Though rare, these tumors are difficult to miss. The importance of this case report is that it describes the methods of multimodal management of a patient with surgery, reconstruction, and adjuvant therapy leading to better patient outcomes.

Intratumoral Microbiota Changes with Tumor Stage and Influences the Immune Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Characterization of the oral microbiota profile through various studies has shown an association between the microbiome and oral cancer; however, stage-specific determinants of dynamic changes in microbial communities of oral cancer remain elusive. Additionally, the influence of the intratumoral microbiota on the intratumoral immune system remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to stratify microbial abundance in the early-onset and subsequent stages of oral cancer and analyze their influence on clinical-pathological and immunological features. The microbiome composition of tissue biopsy samples was identified using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, while intratumoral and systemic immune profiling was done with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry-based analysis. The bacterial composition differed significantly among precancer, early cancer, and late cancer stages with the enrichment of genera Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Treponema in the cancer group, while Streptococcus and Rothia were enriched in the precancer group. Late cancer stages were significantly associated with Capnocytophaga with high predicting accuracy, while Fusobacterium was associated with early stages of cancer. A dense intermicrobial and microbiome-immune network was observed in the precancer group. At the cellular level, intratumoral immune cell infiltration of B cells and T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) was observed with enrichment of the effector memory phenotype. Naive and effector subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and related gene expression were found to be distinctly associated with bacterial communities; most importantly, highly abundant bacterial genera of the tumor microenvironment were either negatively correlated or not associated with the effector lymphocytes, which led to the conclusion that the tumor microenvironment favors an immunosuppressive and nonimmunogenic microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome has been explored extensively for its importance in the modulation of systemic inflammation and immune response; in contrast, the intratumoral microbiome is less studied for its influence on immunity in cancer. Given the established correlation between intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration and patient survival in cases of solid tumors, it was pertinent to explore the extrinsic factor influencing immune cell infiltration in the tumor. Modulation of intratumoral microbiota could have a beneficial effect on the antitumor immune response. This study stratifies the microbial profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma starting from precancer to late-stage cancer and provides evidence for their immunomodulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Our results suggest combining microbiome study with immunological signatures of tumors for their prognostic and diagnostic application.

Lactic acid bacteria in the functional food industry: biotechnological properties and potential applications.

With the growing demand for functional foods having better nutraceutical properties, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has become an important industrial microorganism. LAB play a significant role in the functional food industry by exhibiting probiotic properties and has the ability to produce various biologically active metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), exopolysaccharides (EPSs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), bacteriocins, reuterin and reutericyclin, which provides enhanced nutraceutical properties to the final food products. LAB are also known to produce several specific enzymes essential for producing substrate-derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, bioactive peptides, inulin-type fructans and ß-glucans, fatty acids, and polyols. These compounds exhibit many health benefits, including better mineral absorption, oxidative stress protection, blood glucose and cholesterol-lowering properties, prevention of gastrointestinal tract infections and improved cardiovascular function. Further, metabolically engineered LAB have been widely used for the nutritive enhancement of different food products and the application of CRISPR-Cas9 holds tremendous potential for the engineering of food cultures. This review provides an overview of the use of LAB as probiotics, its application in producing fermented foods and nutraceutical products, and its health benefits on the host.

Defining Critical View of Safety During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: The Preoperative Predictors of Failure.

Background Defining critical view of safety (CVS) is one of the most crucial steps during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aimed to determine the preoperative predictors of failure to achieve CVS during LC. Methods All patients undergoing LC from December 2020 to July 2022 were prospectively included. Results There were 180 females and 93 males. CVS was achieved during LC in 238 (87.2%) patients. Conversion to open surgery was performed for 11 patients. Bile leak occurred in three patients which resolved spontaneously. No patient developed bile duct injury. On univariate analysis, age, male sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grading, Murphy's sign, emergency surgery, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, gallbladder wall thickness > 3mm, and impacted gallstone on abdominal ultrasound were predictors of failure to achieve CVS. On multivariate analysis, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were independent predictors of failure to achieve CVS. Patients in whom CVS could not be achieved had significantly longer operative time, higher blood loss, complications, and hospital stays. Discussion Inability to achieve CVS during LC can be predicted preoperatively using various parameters including neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages. Such cases must be operated by senior surgeons or referred to experienced general or hepatobiliary surgeons for cholecystectomy to avoid bile duct injury. The proposed algorithm can help in intraoperative decision-making in difficult cases.

Phylogenomics of transcriptionally active AP2/ERF and bHLH transcription factors and study of their promoter regions in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J.Graham) Mabb.

Nothapodytes nimmoniana is a medicinally important plant producing anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA), camptothecin (CPT). The CPT is synthesised through the strictosidine intermediate following the MIA pathway; however, transcriptional regulation of CPT pathway is still elusive in N. nimmoniana. Biosynthesis of MIA is regulated by various transcription factors (TFs) belonging to AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, and WRKY families. The present study identified transcriptionally active full-length 105 AP2/ERF and 68 bHLH family TFs from the N. nimmoniana. AP2/ERF TFs were divided into three subfamilies along with a soloist, while bHLH TFs were divided into 10 subfamilies according to their phylogenetic similarities. Three group IXa ERFs, Nn-ERF22, Nn-ERF29, and Nn-ERF41, one subfamily IVa TF Nn-bHLH7, and three subfamilies IIIe Nn-bHLH33, Nn-bHLH51, and Nn-bHLH52 clustered with the TFs regulating alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus, tomato, tobacco, and Artemisia annua. Expression of these TFs in N. nimmoniana was higher in roots, which is a primary CPT accumulating tissue. Moreover, genome skimming approach was used to reconstruct the promoter regions of candidate ERF genes to identify the cis-regulatory elements. The presence of G-boxes and other jasmonic acid-responsive elements in the promoter suggests the regulation of ERFs by bHLHs. The present study effectively generated and used genomics resource for characterisation of regulatory TFs from non-model medicinal plant.

Production and characterization of bioactive peptides in fermented soybean meal produced using proteolytic Bacillus species isolated from kinema.

The study aims to enhance the functional properties of soybean meal (SBM) using potent proteolytic Bacillus strains isolated from kinema, a traditional fermented soybean product of Sikkim Himalaya. Selected Bacillus species; Bacillus licheniformis KN1G, B. amyloliquifaciens KN2G, B. subtilis KN36D, B. subtilis KN2B, and B. subtilis KN36D were employed for solid state fermentation (SSF) of SBM samples. The water and methanol extracts of SBM hydrolysates presented a significant increase in antioxidant activity. The water-soluble extracts of B. subtilis KN2B fermented SBM exhibited the best DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2.30 mg/mL. In contrast, the methanol-soluble extract of B. licheniformis KN1G fermented SBM showed scavenging activity of 0.51 mg/mL. Proteomic analysis of fermented soybean meal revealed several common and unique peptides produced by applying different starter cultures. Unique antioxidant peptides (HFDSEVVFF and VVDMNEGALFLPH) were identified from FSBM via LC/MS. B. subtilis KN36D showed the highest diversity of peptides produced during fermentation. The results indicate the importance of specific strains for fermentation to upgrade the nutritional value of raw fermented biomass.

Editing of TOM1 gene in tobacco using CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus.

BACKGROUND: Genome editing technology has become one of the excellent tools for precise plant breeding to develop novel plant germplasm. The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most prominent pathogen that infects several Solanaceae plants, such as tobacco, tomato, and capsicum, which requires critical host factors for infection and replication of its genomic RNA in the host. The Tobamovirus multiplication (TOM) genes, such as TOM1, TOM2A, TOM2B, and TOM3, are involved in the multiplication of Tobamoviruses. TOM1 is a transmembrane protein necessary for efficient TMV multiplication in several plant species. The TOM genes are crucial recessive resistance genes that act against the tobamoviruses in various plant species. METHODS AND RESULTS: The single guided RNA (sgRNA) was designed to target the first exon of the NtTOM1 gene and cloned into the pHSE401 vector. The pHSE401-NtTOM1 vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and then transformed into tobacco plants. The analysis on T0 transgenic plants showed the presence of the hptII and Cas9 transgenes. The sequence analysis of the NtTOM1 from T0 plants showed the indels. Genotypic evaluation of the NtTOM1 mutant lines displayed the stable inheritance of the mutations in the subsequent generations of tobacco plants. The NtTOM1 mutant lines successfully conferred resistance to TMV. CONCLUSIONS: CRISPR/Cas genome editing is a reliable tool for investigating gene function and precision breeding across different plant species, especially the species in the Solanaceae family.

Spontaneous Enteral Migration of a Feeding Jejunostomy Tube: An Unusual Complication.

Established consensus suggests that enteral nutrition is more beneficial in patients with a functioning gut than parenteral nutrition. It helps in early physical rehabilitation from a disease or surgical stress and is associated with fewer complications compared to parenteral nutrition. Jejunal feeding is one of the routine modes of enteral nutrition in patients with gastric dysfunction, either due to surgery or critical illness. Various complications have been reported when using feeding tubes, grouped as mechanical, infectious, gastrointestinal, and metabolic. Here, we report an unusual case of a 47-year male with a history of prepyloric perforation repair leak who presented to us on postoperative day 14 with an enterocutaneous fistula and a feeding jejunostomy tube in situ. He was evaluated and managed conservatively and discharged on enteral feeds, both orally and via a jejunostomy tube. One month after discharge, he presented with features of intestinal obstruction with a missing jejunostomy tube. Radiological investigations suggested enteral migration of the jejunostomy tube, which was managed non-operatively, and the patient was discharged on day three post-admission after per rectal expulsion of the tube.

Management of non-functioning kidney due to pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in pediatric age group: an observational study.

INTRODUCTION: A non-functional kidney (NFK) has been defined as one having paper-thin parenchyma, and split renal function (SRF) of < 10% on a nuclear scan. There are differences of opinion about nephrectomy or pyeloplasty in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess our management strategy of renal salvage for NFK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective cohort study from January 2015 to July 2022, patients having SRF < 10% were included. These patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN). A repeat nuclear scan was performed after 3 months. If SRF increased to > 10%, pyeloplasty was performed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were managed. The mean age was 24.67 ± 23.61 months. Male to female ratio was 4:1. The initial mean SRF was 6.67 ± 2.85, which improved to 16.80 ± 4.69 after 3 months of placing the PCN (p < 0.001). The corresponding changes in the mean effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were 60.13 ± 24.08 to 106.53 ± 24.61 (p < 0.001). There was no complaint after the placement of PCN. All patients underwent dismembered pyeloplasty. CONCLUSION: In NFK due to PUJO, expectant treatment in form of PCN followed by pyeloplasty appears to be the primary treatment modality, and nephrectomy may not be needed in any of them.

Intralesional steroid in the era of propranolol for infantile hemangioma-Do we need it?

INTRODUCTION: Despite its effectivity, there are reports of poor response to propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH). The literature is limited to the type of IH that fails to respond to propranolol. This study was conducted to analyze which types of hemangiomas respond poorly to propranolol and the effects of intralesional triamcinolone (IL TMC) in them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, IH was classified as superficial, deep, and mixed. The clinical details were recorded. Propranolol was started in the patients at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day and increased to 2-3 mg/kg/day. The response to the treatment was evaluated as excellent, good, poor, and no response. IL TMC was given in the non-responding group at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg at one-month interval for a total of six doses after stopping propranolol. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (median age, 7 months; M/F = 2:1) were treated. Superficial hemangioma was present in 40 (41.7%), deep in 10 (10.4%), and mixed in 46 (47.9%) patients. The response was statistically better if initiated within four months of age. It was not influenced by the sex, number, site, or size. The response was statistically better in superficial hemangioma. IL TMC was administered in the 16 patients. The response was good or excellent in 10 patients. CONCLUSION: Propranolol will be used as a first-line drug for IH. All superficial IHs are likely to respond. There will be a possibility of non-responding mixed or deep IH. Use of IL TMC seems reasonable for IH not responding to propranolol.

Congenital anterior urethral valves and diverticula.

AIMS OF STUDY: Anterior urethral valves (AUVs) are rare congenital anomalies causing lower urinary tract obstruction in children. The present study highlights the clinical approach in identifying the condition and its treatment options. METHOD: Single centre, retrospective study of children. RESULT: Over a 16 year duration, 14 children were diagnosed with AUVs and diverticula with a mean age of 15 months. Clinical features included straining at micturation and a palpable penile swelling. Diagnosis was confirmed with voiding cystourethrogram and cystoscopy. An open surgical procedure was performed in 12 cases and endoscopic intervention done in one. On follow up 13 patients showed restoration of a normal voiding stream and normal renal function. One child died of chronic renal failure due to a delayed presentation, severe back-pressure changes, urinary ascites, and urosepsis. One patient developed a small urethrocutaneous fistula that healed spontaneously. CONCLUSION: AUV, though rare, should be recognizable due to the combination of a poor urinary stream and visible swelling in the ventral aspect of penis. Open surgical excision is the method of choice, and the outcome is excellent. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and determinants of various neonatal dermatoses.

Background: During the neonatal life cycle, various dermatological conditions are common. In comparison to the skin of adults, neonates' skins are more susceptible to infections in the first week of their lives. These infections often lead to many dermatological skin complications and create worrisome among parents. Hence, it is crucial to diagnose and manage such affected neonates at the earliest. This study aimed to highlight and estimate the occurrence of numerous dermatoses and assess various skin changes that occurred physiologically and pathologically in neonates. Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, 474 neonates were enrolled in the neonatal intensive care unit. The whole newborn skin surface, comprising the palms and soles, scalp, mucous membranes, genitalia, hair, and nails, was scrutinized under adequate light, and all changes that occurred over the skin were observed and recorded. The sample size estimation was undertaken from the references that have the least prevalent cutaneous dermatosis: hypertrichosis desquamation and napkin dermatosis. A statistical analysis like the Chi-square test was performed to associate the type of dermatosis with the parameters of age, gender, delivery type, and birth weight. Results: Of the total 474 cases, 90 (18.98%) had single dermatosis, while the remaining 384 (81.01%) had more than one form of dermatosis. Among the 384 cases, sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) in 105 (22.15%), Epstein pearls in 50 (10.54%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) in 40 (8.43%), physiological desquamation in 25 (5.27%), lanugo hair in 20 (4.21%), miliaria in 22 (4.64%), salmon patch in 13 (2.74%), cradle cap/seborrheic dermatitis in 6 (1.26%), vernix caseosa in 12 (2.53%), transient neonatal pustular melanosis in 13 (2.74%), congenital melanocytic nevus in 20 (4.21%), hemangioma in 15 (3.16%), neonatal acne in 5 (1.05%), napkin dermatitis in 10 (2.10%), cutis marmorata in 6 (1.26%), milia in 2 (0.42%) intertrigo 3 (0.63%), collodion baby in 2 (0.42%), and neonatal occipital alopecia in 2 (0.42%) neonates each and others, respectively. Conclusion: The findings from the present study were representative of a specific racial/geographic distribution and will assist in adding or comparing the prevalence of neonatal dermatosis with other geographic regions as the array of dermatological characterizations in neonates varies as per time and place. This study aims to provide insight into the future implications in the neonatal dermatology domain and avoid further skin complications.