RESUMO
In gene expression (GE) studies, housekeeping genes (HKGs) are required for normalization purposes. In large-scale inter-laboratory comparison studies, significant differences in dose estimates are reported and divergent HKGs are employed by the teams. Among them, the 18S rRNA HKG is known for its robustness. However, the high abundance of 18S rRNA copy numbers requires dilution, which is time-consuming and a possible source of errors. This study was conducted to identify the most promising HKGs showing the least radiation-induced GE variance after radiation exposure. In the screening stage of this study, 35 HKGs were analyzed. This included selected HKGs (ITFG1, MRPS5, and DPM1) used in large-scale biodosimetry studies which were not covered on an additionally employed pre-designed 96-well platform comprising another 32 HKGs used for different exposures. Altogether 41 samples were examined, including 27 ex vivo X-ray irradiated blood samples (0, 0.5, 4 Gy), six X-irradiated samples (0, 0.5, 5 Gy) from two cell lines (U118, A549), as well as eight non-irradiated tissue samples to encompass multiple biological entities. In the independent validation stage, the most suitable candidate genes were examined from another 257 blood samples, taking advantage of already stored material originating from three studies. These comprise 100 blood samples from ex vivo X-ray irradiated (0-4 Gy) healthy donors, 68 blood samples from 5.8 Gy irradiated (cobalt-60) Rhesus macaques (RM) (LD29/60) collected 0-60 days postirradiation, and 89 blood samples from chemotherapy-(CTx) treated breast tumor patients. CTx and radiation-induced GE changes in previous studies appeared comparable. RNA was isolated, converted into cDNA, and GE was quantified employing TaqMan assays and quantitative RT-PCR. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) and the interquartile range (IQR) as measures of GE variance using raw cycle threshold (Ct) values and ranked the HKGs accordingly. Dose, time, age, and sex-dependent GE changes were examined employing the parametrical t-test and non-parametrical Kruskal Wallis test, as well as linear regression analysis. Generally, similar ranking results evolved using either SD or IQR GE measures of variance, indicating a tight distribution of GE values. PUM1 and PGK1 showed the lowest variance among the first ten most suitable genes in the screening phase. MRPL19 revealed low variance among the first ten most suitable genes in the screening phase only for blood and cells, but certain comparisons indicated a weak association of MRPL19 with dose (P = 0.02-0.09). In the validation phase, these results could be confirmed. Here, IQR Ct values from, e.g., X-irradiated blood samples were 0.6 raw Ct values for PUM1 and PGK1, which is considered to represent GE differences as expected due to methodological variance. Overall, when compared, the GE variance of both genes was either comparable or lower compared to 18S rRNA. Compared with the IQR GE values of PUM1 and PGKI, twofold-fivefold increased values were calculated for the biodosimetry HKG HPRT1, and comparable values were calculated for biodosimetry HKGs ITFG1, MRPS5, and DPM1. Significant dose-dependent associations were found for ITFG1 and MRPS5 (P = 0.001-0.07) and widely absent or weak (P = 0.02-0.07) for HPRT1 and DPM1. In summary, PUM1 and PGK1 appeared most promising for radiation exposure studies among the 35 HKGs examined, considering GE variance and adverse associations of GE with dose.
Assuntos
Genes Essenciais , Fosfoglicerato Quinase , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Exposição à Radiação , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Genes Essenciais/efeitos da radiação , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Radiometria , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/efeitos da radiação , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/efeitos da radiação , Macaca mulatta , Fosfoglicerato Quinase/genética , Fosfoglicerato Quinase/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is a common disease in sexually mature bitches. Disease progression leads to oxidative stress, resulting in the depletion of uterine antioxidants and lipid peroxidation of associated cells, which further aggravates the condition. The concentration of antioxidant enzymes, the level of lipid peroxidation within the uterine tissue, and its reflection in the serum and urine need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the lipid peroxidation marker malonaldehyde (MDA) in three types of samples, i.e., serum, urine, and uterine tissue. For this purpose, 58 pyometra-affected and 44 healthy bitches were included in the present study. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Our data indicated highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the antioxidant concentrations of uterine, serum and urine samples. Furthermore, there was a highly significant (p<0.01) difference in the serum levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) indicated poor capacity to overcome oxidative stress in the CEH-Pyometra condition. We showed that CEH-P induces oxidative stress, which further depletes the antioxidant enzyme reserves in the uterus. Thus, the weak antioxidant defence predisposes to uterine damage and disease progression. The simultaneous depletion of antioxidants and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the serum and urine may also act as early indicators of uterine pathology.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Hiperplasia Endometrial , Piometra , Cães , Feminino , Animais , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Hiperplasia Endometrial/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Endometrial/patologia , Piometra/veterinária , Piometra/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Peroxidação de LipídeosRESUMO
In the present study, the antimicrobial, rheological, mechanical, barrier and optical properties of Carrageenan and Manihot esculenta (composite) starch biobased edible film incorporated with caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil (EO) were investigated. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of caraway oil against B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were found to be 0.6, 1.4, 1.4 and 0.8% respectively. The Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of caraway EO expressed a distinct chromatogram peak for phenolic compounds. Rheological results of Film-Forming Solution (FFS) revealed solid-like viscoelastic behavior. Incorporation of caraway EO in the film caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in moisture, moisture absorption, bio-degradability in terms of film solubility, L value, total color difference (ΔE), haziness and transparency value, however, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased tensile strength and whiteness index were observed. The zone of inhibition of caraway EO incorporated films against all test bacteria were highly significant (P < 0.01) than control whereas antibacterial activity was found more towards gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. No significant (P>0.05) changes in thickness, density, water activity, swelling, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate, a and b value were observed with increasing caraway EO concentration. These results with some good rheological, physic-mechanical, antimicrobial and optical characteristics suggest the application of such active film into a variety of foods with improved food safety and quality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05028-1.
RESUMO
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a polyphagous and highly destructive invasive insect pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into India and widely reported in almost all parts of India. Development of a temperature-based phenology model for predicting its rate of development and distribution will help in understanding the establishment and further spread of introduced invasive insect pests. Development, survival and reproduction parameters of S. frugiperda at six constant temperature conditions (15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C) were investigated and further validated with data generated under fluctuating temperature conditions. The estimated lower developmental threshold temperatures were 12.1°C for eggs, 11°C for larvae, 12.2°C for pupae, 15.13°C for males and 12.66°C for females. Degree-day (DD) requirements for the development of the different stages of S. frugiperda were 50, 250 and 200 DD for egg, larva and pupa, respectively. The best-fitted functions were compiled for each life stage to yield a phenology model, which was stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters. The developed phenology model predicted temperature ranges between 27 and 30°C as favourable for S. frugiperda development, survival and reproduction. The results revealed that maximum net reproductive rate (215.66 females/female/generation) and total fecundity (981.08 individuals/female/generation) were attained at 30°C constant temperature. The mean length of generations decreased from 74.29 days at 15°C to 38.74 days at 30°C. The maximum intrinsic rate of increase (0.138 females/female/day) and shortest doubling time (4.9 days) were also observed at 30°C. Results of simulated life table parameters showed high temperature-dependent development of S. frugiperda and complete development within all the tested constant temperature ranges (15-35°C). Simulated life table parameters for predicting risk indices of S. frugiperda in India indicated a significant increase in activity indices and establishment risk indices with a higher number of generations during future (2050 and 2070) climatic change scenarios compared to present conditions. Our results indicate that India will be highly suitable for the establishment and survival of S. frugiperda in future time periods.
RESUMO
The potential use by terrorists of an improvised nuclear device, a radiological dispersal device, or an unintended nuclear/radiological accident in heavily populated areas is a national security threat of major consequences. Although this type of security threat is considered to be low-risk, it would have a devastating impact. Health issues would be a major concern; medical care would be necessary for all those who received considerable radiation exposure (> 1 Gy) leading to hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (ARS). In the past few years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for such radiation exposure contingencies recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF, filgrastim, Neupogen), PEGylated rhG-CSF (PEGylated filgrastim, Neulasta) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF, sargramostim, Leukine) following the FDA's Animal Rule guidance. In this article, we have briefly reviewed the consequences of exposure to acute, potentially lethal doses of radiation and its pathologic sequelae, as well as ARS and the latest of the FDA-approved recombinant growth factors, namely sargramostim (Leukine), as a new treatment option for the subclinical, hematopoietic syndrome component of ARS. The nature of the recombinant and the preclinical and clinical research that preceded approval by the FDA are presented, as well as its use in the treatment of victims of radiation accidents.
Assuntos
Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/uso terapêutico , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/diagnóstico , Animais , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/efeitos adversos , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/provisão & distribuição , Humanos , Contramedidas Médicas , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Recombinantes/provisão & distribuição , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Especificidade da Espécie , Estoque Estratégico , Terrorismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the view of endemic avian influenza H9N2 infection in poultry, its zoonotic potential and emergence of antiviral resistance, two herbal plants, Ocimum sanctum and Acacia arabica, which are easily available throughout various geographical locations in India were taken up to study their antiviral activity against H9N2 virus. We evaluated antiviral efficacy of three different extracts each from leaves of O. sanctum (crude extract, terpenoid and polyphenol) and A. arabica (crude extract, flavonoid and polyphenol) against H9N2 virus using in ovo model. METHODS: The antiviral efficacy of different leaves extracts was systematically studied in three experimental protocols viz. virucidal (dose-dependent), therapeutic (time-dependent) and prophylactic (dose-dependent) activity employing in ovo model. The maximum non-toxic concentration of each herbal extracts of O. sanctum and A. arabica in the specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs was estimated and their antiviral efficacy was determined in terms of reduction in viral titres, measured by Haemagglutination (HA) and real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. RESULTS: All the extracts of O. sanctum (crude extract, terpenoid and polyphenol) and A. arabica (crude extract, flavonoid and polyphenol) showed significant virucidal activity, however, crude extract ocimum and terpenoid ocimum showed highly significant to significant (p < 0.001-0.01) decrease in virus genome copy numbers with lowest dose tested. Similarly, therapeutic effect was observed in all three extracts of O. sanctum in comparison to the virus control, nevertheless, crude extract ocimum and terpenoid ocimum maintained this effect for longer period of time (up to 72 h post-incubation). None of the leaves extracts of A. arabica had therapeutic effect at 24 and 48 h post-incubation, however, only the crude extract acacia and polyphenol acacia showed delayed therapeutic effect (72 h post-inoculation). Prophylactic potential was observed in polyphenol acacia with highly significant antiviral activity compared to virus control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The crude extract and terpenoid isolated from the leaves of O. sanctum and polyphenol from A. arabica has shown promising antiviral properties against H9N2 virus. Future investigations are necessary to formulate combinations of these compounds for the broader antiviral activity against H9N2 viruses and evaluate them in chickens.
Assuntos
Acacia/química , Antivirais , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H9N2/efeitos dos fármacos , Ocimum sanctum/química , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/toxicidade , Embrião de Galinha , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIMS: Explorations of freshwater Cyanobacteria as antimicrobial (bacteria, fungi and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains) drug resource using bioassay, NRPS (non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase) and PKS (polyketide synthase) genes, as well as in silico approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: We have bioassayed the extracts of Phormidium CCC727, Geitlerinema CCC728, Arthrospira CCC729, Leptolyngbya CCC732, Phormidium CCC730, Phormidium CCC731 against six pathogenic bacteria comprising Gram (+ve): S. aureus including seven clinical MRSA and Enterococcus faecalis, Gram (-ve): Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella boydii along with non-pathogenic Enterobacter aerogenes as well as fungal strains (Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and Aspergillus niger) exhibiting antimicrobial potential. The NRPS and PKS genes of the target strains were also amplified and sequenced. The putative protein structures were predicted using bioinformatics approach. CONCLUSION: PKS gene expression indicated ß keto-acyl synthase as one of the important active domains in the biomolecules related to antitumour and antifungal group. The simultaneous identification of the biomolecule (dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one derivative) was also inferred spectroscopically. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Freshwater Cyanobacteria are prolific producers of secondary metabolite(s) that may act as the antimicrobial drug resource in addition to their much explored marine counterpart.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Cianobactérias/genética , Cianobactérias/metabolismo , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/farmacologia , Pironas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Simulação por Computador , Cianobactérias/enzimologia , Água Doce/microbiologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes Genéticos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/administração & dosagem , Peptídeo Sintases/química , Peptídeo Sintases/genética , Policetídeo Sintases/química , Policetídeo Sintases/genética , Pironas/química , Pironas/metabolismoRESUMO
This research describes a new technological process for soybean oil extraction. The process deals with the combined effect of ohmic heating and enzyme assisted aqueous oil extraction process (EAEP) on enhancement of oil recovery from soybean seed. The experimental process consisted of following basic steps, namely, dehulling, wet grinding, enzymatic treatment, ohmic heating, aqueous extraction and centrifugation. The effect of ohmic heating parameters namely electric field strength (EFS), end point temperature (EPT) and holding time (HT) on aqueous oil extraction process were investigated. Three levels of electric field strength (i.e. OH600V, OH750V and OH900V), 3 levels of end point temperature (i.e. 70, 80 and 90 °C) and 3 levels of holding time (i.e. 0, 5 and 10 min.) were taken as independent variables using full factorial design. Percentage oil recovery from soybean by EAEP alone and EAEP coupled with ohmic heating were 53.12 % and 56.86 % to 73 % respectively. The maximum oil recovery (73 %) was obtained when the sample was heated and maintained at 90 °C using electric field strength of OH600V for a holding time of 10 min. The free fatty acid (FFA) of the extracted oil (i.e. in range of 0.97 to 1.29 %) was within the acceptable limit of 3 % (oleic acid) and 0.5-3 % prescribed respectively by PFA and BIS.
RESUMO
The enzyme nitrogenase complex is a key component conferring nitrogen fixation in all known diazotrophs. This study for the first time examines the impact of As, Na, Cd, Cu and butachlor on component II (dinitrogenase reductase, nifH1) of nitrogenase from diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 using in silico and wet lab approaches. The nifH1 of Anabaena is a glycine-rich stable protein having DNA-binding properties and shows close similarity with free living compared with symbiotic diazotrophs. Phylogenetic tree revealed an adverse effect of the selected stresses on close homologs across the diazotroph community. The protein interaction network demonstrated the presence of nirA, glnA, glnB, alr4255 and alr2485 proteins besides nif proteins, suggesting their involvement in nitrogen fixation along with nifH1. Homology modelling and docking under As, Na, Cd, Cu and butachlor revealed an interaction between stressors and nifH1 protein which was further validated by a transcript of the gene through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Presence of binding sites for As, Na, Cd and Cu on oxyR promoter attested their adverse affects on nifH1. Maximum down-regulation of nifH1 in Cd and As followed by salt, copper and butachlor revealed that arsenic and cadmium were most potential inhibitors of nitrogenase of diazotrophic community, which might negatively affect crop yield.
Assuntos
Anabaena/enzimologia , Arsênio/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Cádmio/farmacologia , Dinitrogenase Redutase/genética , Anabaena/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Dinitrogenase Redutase/biossíntese , Dinitrogenase Redutase/química , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Filogenia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Homologia Estrutural de ProteínaAssuntos
Endoscópios Gastrointestinais , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Acalasia Esofágica/cirurgia , Gastrectomia/métodos , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Acalasia Esofágica/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to establish whether exploration and neurolysis is an effective method of treating neuropathic pain in patients with a sciatic nerve palsy after total hip replacement (THR). A total of 56 patients who had undergone this surgery at our hospital between September 1999 and September 2010 were retrospectively identified. There were 42 women and 14 men with a mean age at exploration of 61.2 years (28 to 80). The sciatic nerve palsy had been sustained by 46 of the patients during a primary THR, five during a revision THR and five patients during hip resurfacing. The mean pre-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 7.59 (2 to 10), the mean post-operative VAS was 3.77 (0 to 10), with a resulting mean improvement of 3.82 (0 to 10). The pre- and post-neurolysis VAS scores were significantly different (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of our study, we recommend this form of surgery over conservative management in patients with neuropathic pain associated with a sciatic nerve palsy after THR.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Denervação , Neuralgia/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/cirurgia , Nervo Isquiático/cirurgia , Neuropatia Ciática/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Neuralgia/etiologia , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neuropatia Ciática/diagnóstico , Neuropatia Ciática/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition believed to cause a low but long lasting systemic inflammatory reaction which in turn contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Recent data suggests that around 40% cases of coronary artery disease remain unaccounted despite the identification of the classical risk factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of non surgical periodontal therapy on the levels of serum inflammatory markers in subjects with chronic periodontitis and known coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty subjects with known coronary artery disease (CAD) were recruited from the Department of Cardiology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India, for this study. Periodontal disease was measured through the clinical parameters bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD). All subjects received non surgical periodontal therapy that included oral hygiene instructions and meticulous scaling and root planing. Systemic levels of inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C reactive proteins (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured prior to and 1 month after periodontal therapy. RESULTS: Subjects experienced significant reductions in bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD), indicating improvement in overall periodontal health. In all subjects, high-sensitivity C reactive proteins (hsCRP), and WBC counts were reduced significantly,; however, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels showed no statistically significant reduction. CONCLUSION: In this study, periodontal treatment resulted in a significant decrease in bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD), and this treatment lowered the serum inflammatory markers (hsCRP and WBC counts) in patients with coronary artery disease. This may result in a decreased risk for coronary artery disease in the periodontally treated patients.
RESUMO
In mammalian spermatozoa, intracellular calcium plays a major role in sperm functions like motility and capacitation. Cryopreservation-induced modifications to sperm membrane result in an influx of intracellular calcium affecting calcium-dependent intracellular signalling pathways. Intracellular calcium activates adenyl cyclase to produce cAMP that activates phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2) ) and phospholipase C (PLC) generating lysophosphatidyl choline, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and IP(3) , acting as intracellular secondary messengers required for sperm capacitation. Present study was designed to determine levels of intracellular calcium, cAMP and DAG in fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa cryopreserved in the presence and absence of taurine or trehalose. A total number of nine ejaculates from three randomly chosen buffalo bulls were cryopreserved in Tris-based egg yolk extender and thawed in warm water at 37°C. The cAMP was measured by enzyme immuno assay, and intracellular calcium was quantified using fluorescent dye FURA 2-AM. Total lipid was extracted from spermatozoa, and DAG was estimated using thin layer chromatography followed by spectrophotometric analysis. Intracellular calcium, cAMP and DAG levels in spermatozoa were significantly (p < 0.01) increased following cryopreservation as compared to fresh ejaculate. Addition of taurine or trehalose to the freezing medium significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. 1,2-diacylglycerol content was also decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in spermatozoa cryopreserved in presence of additives. Moreover, significant (p < 0.01) improvement in post-thaw motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa on addition of taurine or trehalose clearly indicated the reduced level of capacitation-like changes in buffalo spermatozoa.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Cálcio/análise , Crioprotetores/administração & dosagem , AMP Cíclico/análise , Diglicerídeos/análise , Espermatozoides/química , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular , Criopreservação/métodos , Criopreservação/veterinária , Masculino , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Trealose/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Coristoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Pancreatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Baço , Coristoma/patologia , Coristoma/cirurgia , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Endossonografia , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatectomia , Pancreatopatias/patologia , Pancreatopatias/cirurgiaRESUMO
Phytocystatins constitute a multigene family that regulates the activity of endogenous and/or exogenous cysteine proteinases. Cereal crops like wheat are continuously threatened by a multitude of pathogens, therefore cystatins offer to play a pivotal role in deciding the plant response. In order to study the need of having diverse specificities and activities of various cystatins, we conducted comparative analysis of six wheat cystatins (WCs) with twelve rice, seven barley, one sorghum and ten corn cystatin sequences employing different bioinformatics tools. The obtained results identified highly conserved signature sequences in all the cystatins considered. Several other motifs were also identified, based on which the sequences could be categorized into groups in congruence with the phylogenetic clustering. Homology modeling of WCs revealed 3D structural topology so well shared by other cystatins. Protein-protein interaction of WCs with papain supported the notion that functional diversity is a con-sequence of existing differences in amino acid residues in highly conserved as well as relatively less conserved motifs. Thus there is a significant conservation at the sequential and structural levels; however, concomitant variations maintain the functional diversity in this protein family, which constantly modulates itself to reciprocate the diversity while counteracting the cysteine proteinases.
Assuntos
Cistatinas , Plantas/metabolismo , Motivos de Aminoácidos/genética , Sequência de Bases , Sequência Conservada/genética , Cistatinas/química , Cistatinas/genética , Cistatinas/metabolismo , Cisteína Proteases , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/metabolismo , Grão Comestível/genética , Grão Comestível/metabolismo , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Papaína/genética , Papaína/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/genética , Poaceae/genética , Poaceae/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/genética , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Pesquisa , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismo , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/metabolismoRESUMO
An intra-operative splash is a common occurrence in elective knee and hip replacement surgery and can potentially transmit bloodborne diseases, with devastating consequences. This study aimed to quantify the risk of a splash and to assess its correlation with body mass index, duration of surgery and the volume of lavage fluid used. Between December 2007 and April 2008, 62 consecutive patients (38 women, 24 men) undergoing an elective total knee or total hip replacement (TKR, THR) were recruited into the study (32 TKRs and 30 THRs) after appropriate consent. A splash occurred in all 62 cases. A THR had a slightly higher risk of a splash than a TKR, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.27). The correlation between body mass index, duration of surgery and the amount of pulse lavage used with a splash was r = 0.013, (non-significant), r = 0.52, (significant) and r = 0.92 (highly significant), respectively. A high number of splashes are generated during a TKR and a THR. The simple visor mask fails to protect the surgeon, the assistant or the patient from the risk of a splash and reverse splash, respectively.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Roupa de Proteção , Medição de Risco , Irrigação Terapêutica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The application of an aquatic weed, Parthenium hysterophorous, has been investigated for the removal of nickel from aqueous solutions. Parthenium hysterophorous, the weed was converted to ash and was used as an adsorbent for the removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solutions at different experimental conditions. The per cent removal of Ni increased from 67.30 to 97.54%, with the nickel(II) concentration decreasing from 477.21 to 67.83 mg L(-1) at 25 degrees C, pH 11.0. The removal was favoured at higher pH, with a maximum removal at pH 11.0. The effects of concentration and temperature are also reported. Batch adsorption kinetics are described by the Lagergren equation. The value of the rate constant of adsorption was found to be 6.82 x 10(-2) min(-1) at 67.83 mg L(-1) and 25 degrees C. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations for the present system were tested at different temperatures, viz. 25, 50 and 75 degrees C, and the constants were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the exothermic nature of nickel(II) adsorption on P. hysterophorous ash. The adsorption capacity was found to be much better than other common adsorbents reported for the removal of nickel(II).
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Níquel/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Incineração , Tamanho da Partícula , Temperatura , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
Hoffa's disease is an obscure cause of anterior knee pain. A misconception about its rarity is very common among clinicians, and hence it is often misdiagnosed and treated as meniscal pathology. Increased awareness is required to diagnose and treat the condition appropriately. These diagnostic uncertainties commonly result in increased patient morbidity and mismanagement. In spite of a widely-accepted common occurrence of Hoffa's disease, ossification of the Hoffa's fat pad is seldom reported. We report a giant extraskeletal ossifying chondroma in a 55-year-old man, presented as chronic knee pain and successfully treated by excision. The anatomy, pathology, histology, radiological features and management of the disease are described, to increase awareness in the orthopaedic community of this common, interesting but rarely discussed condition.