Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinonas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , MAP Quinase Quinase 1/genética , Masculino , Mutação , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Aberrant activation of FMS-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 20-30% of patients. In this study we identified a highly selective (phenylethenyl)quinazoline compound family as novel potent inhibitors of the FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y kinases. Their prominent effects were confirmed by biochemical and cellular proliferation assays followed by mice xenograft studies. Our modelling experiments and the chemical structures of the compounds predict the possibility of covalent inhibition. The most effective compounds triggered apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cells but had either weak or no effect in FLT3-independent leukemic and non-leukemic cell lines. Our results strongly suggest that our compounds may become therapeutics in relapsing and refractory AML disease harboring various ITD and tyrosine kinase domain mutations, by their ability to overcome drug resistance.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Estrutura Molecular , Mutação , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/metabolismoRESUMO
Targeted therapies against cancer types with more than one driver gene hold bright but elusive promise, since approved drugs are not available for all driver mutations and monotherapies often result in resistance. Targeting multiple driver genes in different pathways at the same time may provide an impact extensive enough to fight resistance. Our goal was to find synergistic drug combinations based on the availability of targeted drugs and their biological activity profiles and created an associated compound library based on driver gene-related protein targets. In this study, we would like to show that driver gene pattern based customized combination therapies are more effective than monotherapies on six cell lines and patient-derived primary cell cultures. We tested 55-102 drug combinations targeting driver genes and driver pathways for each cell line and found 25-85% of these combinations highly synergistic. Blocking 2-5 cancer pathways using only 2-3 targeted drugs was sufficient to reach high rates of tumor cell eradication at remarkably low concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the efficiency of cancer treatment may be significantly improved by combining drugs against multiple tumor specific drivers.
RESUMO
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Quinase 1 Polo-LikeRESUMO
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer and it is generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with late-stage disease. Due to the increasing occurrence of melanoma, there is a need for the development of novel therapies. A new series of diarylamide and diarylurea derivatives containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine or imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine scaffold was designed and synthesized to investigate their in vitro efficacy against the A375P human melanoma cell line. We found several compounds expressing submicromolar IC50 values against the A375P cells, from which 15d, 17e, 18c, 18h, 18i demonstrated the highest potencies with IC50 below 0.06 µM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/patologia , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/química , Estrutura Molecular , Pirazinas/síntese química , Pirazinas/química , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The EGFR inhibitor erlotinib possesses high anti-tumor effect but despite the good clinical responses in most of the cases recrudescence occures. This can be attributed to a secondary, acquired mutation causing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In our work we were looking for small-molecule inhibitors, which simultaneously affect on the proliferation of erlotinib-sensitive PC9 cells and PC9-ER erlotinib-resistant cells. A set of molecules were selected from Vichem Chemie Research Ltd.'s kinase inhibitor compound library (Nested Chemical Library™). According to the results of medium throughput screening (MTS) of this set of compounds, novel structures with pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine core were designed. These compounds were proved to be effective inhibitors of resistant cells in phenotypic screening. Based on these results structure-activity relationships were set up. The pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine core was synthesized by a condensation reaction, which resulting two asymmetric products. In the reaction two regioisomer intermediates formed, and one of the products is the intermediate of the effective compounds. This condensation reaction was optimized, the regioisomers were identified by NMR analysis and X-ray crystallography. As a result of optimization we found that lower reaction temperature and replacement of dimethylformamide solvent with trifluoroacetic acid provided the undesired isomer in less than 2 % ratio.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Bioquímica/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazinas/síntese química , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Cloridrato de Erlotinib , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines were synthesized as potential antitumor agents for erlotinib-resistant tumors. Known signal inhibitor compounds from our Nested Chemical Library were tested in phenotypic assays on erlotinib-sensitive PC9 and erlotinib-resistant PC9-ER cell lines to find a compound class to be active on erlotinib resistant cell lines. Based on the screening data, novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines were designed and synthesized. The effect of the substituent position of the heteroaromatic moiety in position 7 and the importance of unsubstituted position 2 of the pyridopyrazine core were explored. Compound 7n had an IC50 value of 0.09 µM for the inhibition of PC9 and 0.15 µM for the inhibition of PC9-ER. We found that some lead compounds of these structures overcome erlotinib-resistance which might become promising drug candidates to fight against NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutation. The signaling network(s) involved in the mechanism(s) of action of these novel compounds in overcoming erlotinib resistance remain to be elucidated.