[Biomarkers and uterine cervical cancer. Are they useful for prognosis of cancer and triage of precancerous lesions?]. / Biomarqueurs et cancers du col. Sont-ils utiles au pronostic du cancer et au triage des lésions précancéreuses?

Biomarkers are "keys" of oncogenesis. Many applications are soon possible as gene therapy and vaccination. Authors have reviewed different aspects of classical prognosis factors and examined new possibilities of prognosis and selection of precancerous lesions as ASCUS by biomarkers. Ag SCCTA4, HPV typing, microangiogenesis, are the main biomarkers in cervical cancers.

[Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis, intrauterine device and chemotherapy for breast cancer]. / Actinomycose tubo-ovarienne, stérilet et chimothérapie pour cancer du sein.

Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis was observed after chemotherapy for breast cancer in a patient with an intrauterine device. Does chemotherapy increase the risk? How can it be prevented?

[Mixed endoscopic colposuspension (retroperitoneal and vaginal) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: technique and preliminary results]. / La colposuspension endoscopique mixte (rétropéritonéale et vaginale) pour traitement de l'incontinence urinaire d'effort féminine: technique et résultats préliminaires.

Preliminary results of a mixed technique of cervical bladder suspension by retroperitoneal laparoscopy and vaginal route. 35 patients, average age 55 years with stress incontinence. Every patients had positive Bonney test. Associated lesions were prolapse (72%). In this retrospective study, we give technique in details. Average operative time: 65 minutes. Average hospital stay: 5.4 days. Success rate: 89%. Retzius hematoma were treated by laparoscopy. Average lapse of time: 10.5 months. Interesting technique in associated prolapse.

Endoscopic exploration and lymph node sampling of the axilla. Preliminary findings of a randomized pilot study comparing clinical and anatomo-pathologic results of endoscopic axillary lymph node sampling with traditional surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique of endoscopic exploration of the axilla. To compare this technique to open surgical treatment by comparing the following variables: operative time, peri-operative complications, duration of hospital stay, node's histology and morphologic aspects and esthetic results. MATERIALS: Standard instruments for traditional operative laparoscopy plus a lipo-aspirator (0.8 Bar). PATIENTS: Forty patients, 20 (group A) undergoing open surgery and 20 (group B) undergoing axilloscopy. All patients with early invasive breast cancer are eligible for conservative operative treatment. METHOD: Randomized study. The technique is described and preliminary results are presented. RESULTS: The operative time for axilloscopy is approximately double that for open surgery. A comparable number of lymph nodes is collected by axilloscopy and open surgery. The nodes collected by axilloscopy are more likely to be fractured. What is the clinical consequence? Two loco-regional relapses are observed in the endoscopic group. DISCUSSION: Axillary sampling by endoscopic procedure gives the same pathologic information than surgical axillary sampling. Anatomo-pathologic aspects of nodes and possibilities of relapses were two drawbacks of this procedure. CONCLUSION: Operative time is increased for axilloscopy compared with open surgery. The techniques yield comparable anatomo-pathologic results. It is still unknown whether this endoscopic technique is as effective as traditional surgery or if the frequency or severity of lymphedema is decreased by the endoscopic approach.

Sacrospinous ligament fixation by palpation: variation of the Richter procedure.

OBJECTIVE: To present our method of sacro-spinous ligament fixation by palpation and compare it to the classical approach described by Richter. MATERIAL: In addition to the standard instruments needed for vaginal surgery, we use a Rasemond dissector, a small O'Shaugnessy dissector with smooth branches. We also use a Bengolea forceps and a monothread-nylon (Ethilon), decimal 4 suture loaded on a needle with a 30-mm curve. PATIENTS: Twenty patients underwent this procedure from 03/15/1978 to 05/19/1995. Their ages ranged from 46 to 86 years with a mean age of 64.7 years. METHOD: This was a retrospective study of the indications, results and complications associated with this technique. RESULTS: With an average follow-up of 7 years, we observed 90% success, 10% recurrences, and no complication directly attributable to this technique. This technique is valuable because of its effectiveness and simplicity. CONCLUSIONS: Sacrospinous fixation by palpation is more simple and provides the same results as the classic exposure technique. We describe the technique in this text. The efficacy of sacro-spinous ligament fixation by palpation would be improved by its systematic and bilateral use. Its value must be confirmed by a controlled prospective study to confirm our impression that our technique carries fewer risks.