Independent association of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with overweight and obesity in Polish adults. Results from the representative population-based WOBASZ study.

Genetic factors play an important role in the origin of obesity. We investigated the association between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and overweight and obesity, along with additional anthropometric variables in the representative sample of adult Polish population. We genotyped a random sample of 3369 adult individuals examined in a cross-sectional population survey (WOBASZ 2003-2005). More than 40% of men and women had at least one A allele. The AA genotype was found in approximately one fifth of both men and women. The frequency of the AA genotype increased with higher BMI in both sexes and was associated with higher anthropometric obesity indicators in both men and women. The FTO rs9939609 AA genotype was significantly related to abnormal BMI [OR=1.55 (1.14-2.11)] and overweight [OR=1.55 (1.11-2.16)] or obesity [OR=1.56 (1.04-235)] in men regardless of age, tobacco smoking, physical activity, diet and diabetes, while in women it was related to abnormal BMI [OR=1.45 (1.05-2.01)] and overweight [OR=1.59 (1.11-2.29)] after adjustment in addition for menopause. The frequency of the A allele in the Polish population was the same as in other European countries. About one fifth of both men and women have the FTO rs9939609 AA variant. A significant relationship was found between the FTO genotype and anthropometric obesity indicators. The AA genotype was significantly associated with abnormal BMI and overweight in both sexes, but the relation to the obesity phenotype was observed only in men.

Genetic and environmental predictors of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer: a pilot study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often observed among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot (DF) leading to end stage renal disease. The aim of this pilot study was to determine genetic and environmental factors involved in the etiology of CKD among patients with DF. The following polymorphisms were studied: rs1800469, rs759853, rs1553005, rs1799983, rs1801133, rs3134069, rs2073618, rs8192678, rs6330, rs11466112, rs121917832 in terms of alleles distribution in patients with DF and T2DM, with or without CKD. The study includes 101 patients with T2DM and DF. Studied groups were divided into 39 individuals with CKD (cases) and 62 controls, depending on the presence of kidney failure defined as eGFR < 60ml/min/1.73m(2) and coexistence of microalbuminuria > 30 mg/dl in at least 3 urine samples. Cases and controls were matched according to mean age, gender, mean duration of T2DM, mean duration of insulin therapy, mean duration of DF cholesterol levels and smoking frequencies. The study showed that CKD risk factors were the following variables: creatinine level, body weight, hips circumference, ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the results suggest the protective role of the allele C of rs3134069 polymorphism in CKD development in patients with T2DM and DF in the following allelic variants: [AA] vs. [AC] and [AA] vs. [AC + CC]. The allele C was observed to be less frequent than the allele A in patients with T2DM and DF. None of the other following polymorphisms was observed to be a potential risk factor of CKD in T2DM and DF population: rs6330, rs759853, rs1553005, rs1799983, rs1801133, rs1800469, rs8192678, rs11466112, rs121917832. We concluded that the rs3134069 polymorphism seems to be the most likely protective genetic factor in CKD development in patients with T2DM and DF.