[Integrated assessment of the environment in an area of location of radiation-dangerous objects].

The authors proposed to use control levels depending on the category of an area to make an integrated hygienic and ecological assessment of the state of the area in the exploitation of radiation-dangerous objects as a main criterion for radiation and chemical factors. The average data of recent ecological monitoring on the level of radionuclides and chemical elements in all environmental objects (soil, atmospheric aerosols, surface water, and bottom sediments) may be used as background indicators in this area. The background indices and double mean-square deviation were proposed to take as a basis for calculating the control levels. The proposed model for calculating the control levels may be used to assess the state of an area of any radiation-dangerous objects.

[Radioecological biomonitoring of the radioactive waste long-term storage territories].

Radionuclide release to environment is possible during long-term storage of the low and middle activity radioactive waste on specially equipped territories, which leads to radioactive background increase and to permanent radiation influence to biocenosis. For an ecological situation control in such places it is need to provide a biomonitoring using the method of complex estimation of the morphological changes on whole organism and internal organs levels (presents of tumors, teratogenic effects), the hematological indexes reflected quantifies and qualifies changes in blood, cytogenetic distribution (bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei) and distributions on molecular level (alterations of DNA structure lead to increase in the DPC level).

[Complex hygienic evaluation of territory in running the objects with radiation jeopardy].

Complex hygienic evaluation of observation zone territory in long-standing running an object with radiation jeopardy revealed that radionuclides and heavy metals content of soil, surface water basins and ambient air is the same as background levels in reference territories. The authors point out possible use of the obtained values as reference levels for ecologic control in similar territories.

[Automated system of radiation monitoring in Moscow region].

The authors consider one trend in activities of "Radon"--Center of Radiation and Ecologic Control. The article covers foundation reasons and longstanding function results of operative radiation monitoring system for large industrial city. Features of construction and functioning of the system are shown. Devices for operative radiation monitoring are subjected to comparative analysis. Prospective trends of the system development are described.

[The assessment of combined exposure to radiation and chemical factors based on the study of the morbidity of personnel in radiation-chemical manufacture]. / Otsenka kombinirovannogo vozdeistviia radiatsionnykh i khimicheskikh faktorov na osnove izucheniia zabolevaemosti personala radiatsionno-khimicheskogo proizvodstva.

The study analyzed the work conditions of personnel engaged into production of plastic modified by radiation. The analysis revealed that the staffers exposed to combined action of radiation and chemical factors face 6 times more intensive harm from radiation resulting in more cardiovascular diseases. All that should be considered in setting the norms for annual radiation doses at workplaces. Real production demands maximal allowable dose to equal 1 rem/year, if the personnel is exposed to chemicals (ozone, nitrogen oxides, ethylene, formaldehyde, acrolein). The scientist elaborated a method to evaluate combined action of chemicals and radiation, which is based on dependence of morbidity on personnel's age. During the further calculation of summarized factor all previous parameters are added, given their enhance.

[Reasons for the operating breakdowns of medical gamma therapy apparatuses and assessment of their reliability]. / Prichiny otkazov raboty meditsinskikh gamma-terapevticheskikh apparatov i otsenka ikh nadezhnosti.

The probability of failure of various gamma-therapeutic apparatuses has been calculated on the basis of mathematical statistics. It has been shown that the least reliable units are gates, switching on pipes, jamming of ionizing radiation sources, emergency closing springs, heads, pressure stabilization, diaphragms, holders of ionizing radiation sources. Analysis of the probability of various failures has shown that their annual frequency is 0.5 +/- 10(-3) only.