Medical Infrared Imaging of Normal and Dysplastic Elbows in Dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of medical infrared imaging to differentiate between normal canine elbows and those with abnormal elbows (elbow dysplasia). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: Dogs with normal (n = 15) and abnormal (n = 14) elbows. METHODS: Infrared imaging was performed on all dogs and data analyzed via descriptive statistics and image pattern analysis software. Animals with elbow dysplasia had arthroscopic procedures to confirm the presence of elbow disease. RESULTS: Computer recognition pattern analysis was up to 100% correct in identifying abnormal elbows and normal elbows, with the medial images most consistent. The caudal, lateral, and cranial images correctly identified 83-100% abnormal elbows. The caudal and lateral images correctly identified 83% normal elbows. A significant difference in temperature was found between normal and abnormal elbows for the cranial full region of interest, lateral images, and each quadrant. CONCLUSION: Medical infrared imaging was able to correctly identify known abnormal and known normal elbows in dogs.

Medical infrared imaging (thermography) of type I thoracolumbar disk disease in chondrodystrophic dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To: (1) determine the success of medical infrared imaging (MII) in identifying dogs with TLIVDD, (2) compare MII localization with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and surgical findings, and (3) determine if the MII pattern returns to that of normal dogs 10 weeks after decompression surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: Chondrodystrophic dogs (n = 58) with Type I TLIVDD and 14 chondrodystrophic dogs with no evidence of TLIVDD. METHODS: Complete neurologic examination, MII, and MRI studies were performed on all dogs. Dogs with type I TLIVDD had decompressive surgery and follow-up MII was performed at 10 weeks. Pattern analysis software was used to differentiate between clinical and control dogs, and statistical analysis using anatomic regions of interest on the dorsal views were used to determine lesion location. Recheck MII results were compared with control and pre-surgical images. RESULTS: Computer recognition pattern analysis was 90% successful in differentiating normal dogs from dogs affected by TLIVDD and 97% successful in identifying the abnormal intervertebral disc space in dogs with TLIVDD. Statistical comparisons of the ROI mean temperature were unable to determine the location of the disc herniation. Recheck MII patterns did not normalize and more closely resembled the clinical group. CONCLUSIONS: MII was 90% successful differentiating between normal dogs and 97% successful in identifying the abnormal intervertebral disc space in dogs with TLIVDD. Abnormal intervertebral disc space localization using ROI mean temperature analysis was not successful. MII patterns 10 weeks after surgery do not normalize.

Thermal imaging of normal and cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the capability of thermography for differentiation between normal stifles and those with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs, initially with a full hair coat and 1 hour after clipping the hair coat. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Labrador Retrievers (n=6) with normal stifle joints (controls) and adult dogs (n=10) with CCL rupture. METHODS: Thermography was performed before, and 60 minutes after, clipping the hair coat from the pelvic limb. Stifle images were classified as normal or abnormal, then subclassified as clipped and unclipped hair coat. CCL deficiency was confirmed at surgery and thermographic images subsequently classified as abnormal before analysis with image processing software. RESULTS: Using image recognition analysis, differentiation between normal and CCL-deficient stifles in both clipped and unclipped dogs was 85% successful on cranial images, medial, caudal, and lateral images were between 75% and 85% successful. Although there were significant increases in skin temperature after clipping in both groups (P<.0002-.0001), there were no significant temperature differences between normal and CCL-deficient stifles when the entire stifle was examined. CONCLUSION: Thermography was successful in differentiating naturally occurring CCL-deficient stifles in dogs, with a success rate of 75-85%. Clipping is not necessary for successful thermographic evaluation of the canine stifle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thermography may be a useful imaging modality for diagnosis of CCL deficiency in dogs when CCL rupture is suspected but stifle laxity is not evident.