Children tongue leiomyosarcoma: A rare case and literature review.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the tongue is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with high recurrence rate and metastatic potential. Through analysis of one case condition and literature review, this paper discusses the clinical characteristics and treatment methods and recommends that expanded resection surgery should be the first intervention. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy should be administered if the case specifically requires such an approach.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: Case report and literature review.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign tumor. Here, we report the diagnosis and treatment of 1 case of MNTI in the maxilla and discuss its clinical and pathological features, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis.

Hypofractionated radiotherapy as a salvage treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus: a multi-center analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a tumor thrombus (TT) extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC)/right atrium (RA) is generally regarded as a terminal-stage condition and there is no worldwide consensus on the proper management of this situation. In the present study, we report the efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) as a salvage treatment for recurrent HCC with IVC/RA TT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 75 HCC patients with an IVC/RA TT who were referred for HFRT at three institutions between 2008 and 2016. 57 cases had a TT located in the IVC (IVC group), and 18 cases had a TT located in the IVC and RA (IVC + RA group). HFRT was designed to focus on the TT with or without the primary intrahepatic tumors. RESULTS: In all cases, the TT completely disappeared (CR) in 17 patients (22.7%), 55 patients (73.3%) had a partial response (PR), and 3 patients (4.0%) had a stable disease (SD). There were no cases of progressive disease (PD). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates of the 75 patients were 38.7% (29/75), 13.3% (10/75) and 5.3% (4/75), respectively. The overall median survival time was 10 months. The mean survival times for the IVC group and IVC+ RA group were 13.8 ± 1.1 and 11.6 ± 2.5 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups (p = 0.205). Log-rank test revealed that factors predicting poor survival were Child-Pugh B liver function classification, AFP ≥ 400 µg/L, intrahepatic multiple tumors, distant metastases, only the TT as the target, a biological effective dose (BED) < 55 Gy and no chance of further radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: HFRT appears to be an effective and reasonable treatment option for recurrent HCC patients with IVC/RA TT. The location of the tumor thrombus, either in IVC or in IVC and RA, is not the factor that influences the efficacy of radiotherapy or survival.

Tumor-suppressor microRNA-151-5p regulates the growth, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by inhibiting SCOS5.

Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy in women and its incidence is increasing at an alarming rate. Breast cancer treatment is mainly obstructed by late diagnosis due to lack of biomarkers, dearth of therapeutic targets, constant relapses, drug resistance, and adverse effects of the chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRs) have shown exceptional potential to act as therapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. This study was designed to investigate the role and therapeutic implications of miR-151-5p in breast cancer. The results of the present study revealed that miR-151-5p is significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-151-5p in SK-BR-3 and CAMA-1 cells inhibits their proliferation and colony formation. Wound heal and transwell assays showed that miR-151-5p inhibits the migration and invasion of the SK-BR-3 and CAMA-1 breast cancer cells. TargetScan analysis followed by the dual luciferase assay confirmed SOCS5 to be the target of miR-151-5p in breast cancer. The expression of SOCS5 was upregulated in all the breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Silencing of SOC5 caused significant inhibition in the proliferation, migration and invasion of the SK-BR-3 cells. Nonetheless, overexpression of SCOS5 could avoid the growth inhibitory effects of miR-151-5p on the breast cancer cells. To conclude, miR-151-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and may exhibit therapeutic implications.

The competing endogenous circular RNA ADAMTS14 suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulating microRNA-572/regulator of calcineurin 1.

Emerging evidence have discovered that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as diagnostic or tumor promising biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate how circular RNA ADAMTS14 (circADAMTS14) regulates microRNA-572/ regulator of calcineurin 1(miR-572/ RCAN1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression profiles of circRNA/microRNA (mRNA) between HCC tissues and paired adjacent tissues were analyzed via microarray analysis. The expressions of circADAMTS14, miR-572, and RCAN1 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein expression level of RCAN1 in HCC cells was detected by western blot. The viability and apoptosis levels of HCC cell lines were measured by the cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The invasiveness and migration of cells were detected based on the transwell and wound-healing assay, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to reveal circADAMTS14 and RCAN1 as a potential target of miR-572, which was predicted by TargetScan and miRBase. The effect of circADAMTS14 on HCC cells was demonstrated by tumor formation in nude mice in vivo. CircADAMTS14 and RCAN1 were lowly expressed in HCC clinical specimens and cell lines using microarrays and qRT-PCR, but miR-572 inversely. Our study further verified the direct interaction between circADAMTS14 and RCAN1 with miR-572 via the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Overexpressed circADAMTS14 and RCAN1 induced apoptosis of HCC cells and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. But overexpressed miR-572 could decrease apoptosis of HCC cells and promote proliferation and invasion. In vivo, circADAMTS14 inhibited the tumor growth, correlated positively with the protein expression levels of RCAN1. Our results demonstrated that circADAMTS14 might suppress HCC progression through regulating miR-572/ RCAN1 as the competing endogenous RNA.

Fructus mume Extracts Alleviate Diarrhea in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving the Combination Therapy of Lapatinib and Capecitabine.

Lapatinib and capecitabine have been widely used in the therapy of breast cancer. However, long-term use of lapatinib and capecitabine often causes the most common side effect diarrhea, which limit the medicine use. Fructus mume (F. mume) has been proved to be effective to treat chronic diarrhea with few side effects. The compounds from F. mume were extracted by using an ethanol method. Extracts of F. mume (EFM) were analyzed by HPLC. We investigated the protective effects of EFM on the diarrhea caused by lapatinib and capecitabine. From March 1st, 2016 to June 1st, 2017, 208 breast cancer patients with diarrhea caused by lapatinib and capecitabine were recruited. The patients were evenly assigned into two groups: EG group (the patients took 100 mg EFM daily) and CG group (the patients took placebo daily). The effects of EFM on diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured by a semiquantitative method seven-point Likert scale. Overall quality of life was measured by SF-36 questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HPLC analysis showed that there were three components in EFM, including citric acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and chlorogenic acid. Breast cancer types were observed by using Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The breast cancer can be divided into leaflet, gland and fibroblast types. Patient age, skin metastases, treatment, and grade 1 diarrhea were significant risk factors associated with for grade 2 diarrhea. EFM reduced diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms by reducing the average scores of the diarrhea symptom and seven-point Likert scale, and improved life quality of patients significantly by improving SF-36 scores and reducing HADS scores when compared to that in the CG group after 6-week therapy and further 4-week follow-up (P < 0.05). EFM may be a potential choice for the diarrhea therapy in breast cancer patients.

Citrus aurantium Naringenin Prevents Osteosarcoma Progression and Recurrence in the Patients Who Underwent Osteosarcoma Surgery by Improving Antioxidant Capability.

Citrus aurantium is rich in flavonoids, which may prevent osteosarcoma progression, but its related molecular mechanism remains unclear. Flavonoids were extracted from C. aurantium and purified by reparative HPLC. Each fraction was identified by using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Three main components (naringin, naringenin, and hesperetin) were isolated from C. aurantium. Naringenin inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells, whereas naringin and hesperetin had no inhibitory function on cell growth. ROS production was increased in naringin- and hesperetin-treated groups after one day of culture while the level was always lowest in the naringenin-treated group after three days of culture. 95 osteosarcoma patients who underwent surgery were assigned into two groups: naringenin group (NG, received 20 mg naringenin daily, n = 47) and control group (CG, received 20 mg placebo daily, n = 48). After an average of two-year follow-up, osteosarcoma volumes were smaller in the NG group than in the CG group (P > 0.01). The rate of osteosarcoma recurrence was also lower in the NG group than in CG group. ROS levels were lower in the NG group than in the CG group. Thus, naringenin from Citrus aurantium inhibits osteosarcoma progression and local recurrence in the patients who underwent osteosarcoma surgery by improving antioxidant capability.

MicroRNA-409-5p is upregulated in breast cancer and its downregulation inhibits cancer development through downstream target of RSU1.

We investigated the expression and function of miR-409-5p in human breast cancer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to evaluate endogenous miR-409-5p expression in breast cancer tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Lentiviral transduction was performed to stably downregulate miR-409-5p in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and cells. The effects of miR-409-5p downregulation on breast cancer proliferation, migration, and xenograft development were then evaluated. Downstream target gene of miR-409-5p, Ras suppressor protein 1, was examined by dual-luciferase activity assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot in lentiviral-transduced breast cancer cells. Ras suppressor protein 1 was also inhibited in miR-409-5p-downregulated breast cancer cells to examine its functional effect on breast cancer proliferation and migration. MiR-409-5p was aberrantly upregulated in both breast cancer tumors and cell lines. Lentiviral transduction successfully downregulated endogenous miR-409-5p expression as well as suppressed proliferation, migration, and xenograft development in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Ras suppressor protein 1 was confirmed to be directly targeted by miR-409-5p in breast cancer cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated Ras suppressor protein 1 inhibition reversely promoted cancer proliferation and migration in miR-409-5p-downregualted breast cancer cells. MiR-409-5p is downregulated in breast cancer and its inhibition has anti-cancer effect on breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory effect of miR-409-5p inhibition is likely through the inverse upregulation of Ras suppressor protein 1 in breast cancer.

Additive effects of cherlerythrine chloride combination with erlotinib in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Several studies implicate that lung cancer progression is governed by the interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Combined the targeting of EGFR and PKC may have an additive or synergistic effects in lung cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the potential utility by inhibiting these two pathways with the combination of erlotinib and chelerythrine chloride in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The erlotinib-less sensitive cell lines SK-MES-1 and A549 were treated with erlotinib or chelerythrine by themselves or in combination with each other. The cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell migration, invasion, cell apoptosis effects and immunoblotting were accessed in vitro. Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo. There were additive effects of chelerythrine combined with erlotinib treatment in all NSCLC cell lines, resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability, clonogenicity, migratory and invasive capabilities as well as in the induction of apoptosis. Concordantly, the combined treatment caused a significant delay in tumor growth. The treatment effectively blocked EGFR signaling through decreasing phosphorylation of downstream targets such as STAT3, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and Bad proteins. Our study supports the functional interaction between the EGFR and PKC pathways in lung cancer and provides a clinically exploitable strategy for erlotinib-less sensitive non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Meta analysis of lymph node metastasis of breast cancer patients: Clinical value of DWI and ADC value.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of DWI in the assessment of node metastases and investigate whether the ADC value could be used to discriminate between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 studies with a total of 676 metastatic and 811 non-metastatic lymph nodes were included. RESULTS: (1) The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of DWI were 0.83, 0.82, 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. The PLR and NLR were 4.95 and 0.23, respectively. The AUC and Q* index were 0.91 and 0.85, respectively. (2) The ADC value of metastatic lymph nodes was lower than non-metastatic lymph nodes (WMD=-0.213, 95% CI -0.349 to -0.076, Z=3.05, P<0.05). (3) Subgroup meta-analysis of the group of b(0800): The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of DWI were 0.86, 0.86, 0.82 and 0.90, respectively. The PLR and NLR were 6.76 and 0.18, respectively. The AUC and Q* index were 0.93 and 0.87. The ADC value of metastatic lymph nodes was lower than non-metastatic lymph nodes(WMD=-0.267, 95% CI -0.348 to -0.185, Z=6.40, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DWI and ADC value appear to be a reliable method to differentiate metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. The combination of b=0 and 800s/mm(2) resulted in higher diagnostic accuracy and more pronounced ADC value difference. If only a couple of b values are used, those of b=0 and 800s/mm(2) are recommended.