[Current status of vaccination services for adults in urban and rural areas of nine provinces in China from 2019 to 2021].

Objective: To understand the current situation of vaccination services for adults in China, explore how to establish a stable and efficient vaccination service system for adults, and provide reference for formulating corresponding policies. Methods: The vaccination information systems of nine provinces in China were used to obtain information on urban and rural vaccination of influenza vaccine, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) from 2019 to 2021. The indicator, vaccination rate/full vaccination rate, was used for statistical description. Results: The vaccination rate/full vaccination rate of the three vaccines in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China. The vaccination rate/full vaccination rate in urban areas was generally higher than that in rural areas. From 2019 to 2021, the vaccination rates of influenza vaccine among people aged 60 years and above in urban and rural areas were 2.96%, 6.29%, 6.14% and 1.29%, 2.58%, 2.94%, respectively. The vaccination rates of the PPV23 among people aged 60 years and above in urban and rural areas increased year by year, with rates of 0.38%, 1.05%, 1.15% and 0.14%, 0.49%, 0.59%, respectively. From 2019 to 2021, the HPV coverage of female adults aged 27-45 years in urban and rural areas increased year by year, with rates of 0.46%, 0.93%, 1.88% and 0.17%, 0.40%, 1.08%, respectively. Conclusion: The vaccination rates of influenza vaccine,PPV23 vaccine and HPV vaccine for adults in China are relatively low, with higher rates in the eastern region than in the central and western regions, and higher rates in urban areas than in rural areas. It is recommended to formulate corresponding health and economic policies and explore a suitable vaccination service system for adults in China to improve vaccination rates.

[Expert recommendations on human papillomavirus vaccine immunization strategies in China].

HPV vaccination is the most effective way for preventing the cervical cancer. To respond the WHO calling for cervical cancer elimination, some Chinese provincial governments are launching the Free HPV Vaccination Programs for teenagers. Basing on the current stage of domestic utilization and the global immunization strategies of HPV vaccination, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the key aspects in the process of HPV vaccination, including subjects and priority vaccination population, vaccination dose and time interval, the principal of vaccination replacement, and the vaccination suggestion on special populations, etc. The article above contents and gives the advice on the immunization strategy of HPV vaccination in China.

[Efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular therapy in hybrid operating room for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion].

The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular therapy in hybrid operating room for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion, and share the experience of preoperative screening of patients suitable for vascular reconstruction. A total of 20 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May 2018 to May 2020 were collected, and 15 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients received hybrid surgery. The total success rate of recanalization was 14/15, and only 1 patient developed ICA re-occlusion at 1 year follow up.Therefore, carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular treatment in hybrid operating room was an alternative treatment for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion.

[Comparation study of incidental irradiation dose to the internal mammary chain during postmastectomy radiotherapy for patients treated with different irradiation techniques].

Objective: To evaluated the unplanned coverage dose to the internal mammary chain (IMC) in patient treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Methods: One hundred and thirty eight patients with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy (RT) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) group, forward intensity-modulated radiotherapy (F-IMRT) group and inverse IMRT (I-IMRT) group. The IMC were contoured according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) consensus, and were not include into the planning target volume (PTV). The incidental irradiation dose to IMC among the three groups and the first three intercostal spaces IMC (ICS-IMC 1-3) were all compared, and explored the relationship between the mean doses (Dmean) of IMC and the OARs (ipsilateral lung and heart). Results: The dose delivered to IMC showed no difference in CRT, F-IMRT and I-IMRT(33.80 Gy, 29.65 Gy and 32.95 Gy). And 10.42%, 2.04%, and 9.76% patients achieved ≥45 Gy when treated with CRT, F-IMRT and I-IMRT. For the IMC dose in the first three intercostal spaces (ICS1-3), there was no difference to the three treatment plannings. The Dmean, V(20), V(30), V(40) and V(50) of the ICS-IMC2 and ICS-IMC3 were all obviously superior than ICS-IMC1 for all these three plannings. Moderate positive correlation was founded between Dmean for IMC and Dmean for heart for left breast cancer patients underwent CRT (r=0.338, P=0.01). Whereas for F-IMRT and I-IMRT groups, positive correlation were founded between Dmean for IMC and Dmean and V(20) for ipsilateral lung for all patients (F-IMRT: r=0.366, P=0.010; r=0.318, P=0.026; I-IMRT: r=0.427, P=0.005; r=0.411, P=0.008). Conclusions: In 3D-CRT, F-IMRT and I-IMRT planning methods, partial patients get IMC irradiated doses that could achieve therapeutic doses. Compared with 3D-CRT, F-IMRT and I-IMRT further reduced the dose of irradiated organs. However, there is no difference in the dose coverage of IMC for the three planned approaches when the IMC made an unplanned target.

[Evaluation of transperineal sonography for lower urinary tract symptoms after pelvic floor reconstruction].

Objective: To evaluate transperineal sonography for lower urinary tract symptoms after pelvic floor reconstruction. Methods: Eighty-three patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse received surgeries in Fuzhou General Hospital from September 2014 to September 2015, dividing into two groups: 27 patients were selected to receive transvaginal mesh (TVM) pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with tension-free vaginal tape-Abbrevo (TVT-Abbrevo) incontinence surgery, named TVM+TVT-Abbrevo group; 56 patients were selected to receive TVM pelvic floor reconstruction surgery only, named TVM group. The ultrasonic parameters at rest, on contraction and Valsalva condition respectively were observed and measured, including the bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation angle, retrovesical angle, levator urethra gap (LUG), the existence of bladder neck funneling, position of the tape, by using 2D and 3D transperineal ultrasound. Results: The two groups were compared with the ultrasonic parameters before and after operation: two groups of patients with postoperative BND [(2.3±0.5) versus (3.1±0.7) cm, (1.6±0.4) versus (3.6±0.4) cm] were significantly reduced, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.02, P<0.01). The two groups of LUG before and after operation [(3.62±0.45) versus (3.26±0.92) cm, (2.96±0.47) versus (2.72±0.38) cm] both had significant difference by maximum Valsalva (P<0.01, P=0.04). There was statistical significance difference of urethral rotation angle in TVM+TVT-Abbrevo group by maximum Valsalva (P=0.01). Observation of morphology: (1) 2 patients with difficulty in urination in TVM+TVT-Abbrevo group, ultrasound showed when the position of the bladder down the urethra discount; 4 patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), ultrasound showed slings off or release. (2) One patient with difficulty in urination in TVM group, but ultrasound showed lower urinary tract anatomy were normal; 5 patients with SUI, ultrasound showed the position of the bladder neck were significantly lower in 3 patients, showing high mobility, and the other 2 patients had a larger urethral diameter, showing a tendency of natural deletion. Conclusion: s Anatomy of lower urinary tract could be clearly showed by transperineal sonography. This could provide imaging support for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms after pelvic floor reconstruction.

[Re-treatments of recurrence after pelvic floor repair surgery].

Objective: To analyze re-treatments of recurrence after the pelvic floor repair surgery. Methods: The protocol and the effect of re-treatments were investigated by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 81 recurrent patients (grade Ⅱ and above), who had received the pelvic floor repair surgery from January 2011 to January 2016. Pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system (POP-Q) and two questionnaires about quality of life [pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire short form (PFIQ-7)] were used to evaluate objective and subjective efficacy, respectively. Results: Among 81 recurrent patients who were followed up for a median of 35 months (10- 69 months), 78 cases (with prolapse up to grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were treated by surgical operation with both objective cure rate and subjective satisfaction being 100% (78/78); 3 cases (with grade Ⅱ prolapse) were treated by pelvic floor electrical stimulation biofeedback, and 1 case among the three cases had the vaginal foreign body sensation, the subjective satisfaction was 2/3. The methods of surgical operation for the 78 recurrent patients included: total pelvic floor reconstructive surgery (55 cases; 3 of which involve trachelectomy), anterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (2 cases), posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (3 cases), Y-mesh sacral colpopexy (2 cases), colpocleisis (11 cases), vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior fornix forming (3 cases), and vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery(2 cases). Conclusion: The extent of recurrence, the recurrent site and complications must be carefully considered and evaluated for re-treatments of recurrence after pelvic floor repair surgery, and then an appropriately individualized re-treatment protocol could be designed for each of the patients.

Serum Cyr61 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of serum Cyr61 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to assess the association between serum Cyr61 level and CRC clinicopathological status. METHODS: We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum Cyr61 in patients with CRC, patients with colorectal adenomas, and healthy controls. We also analyzed the relationship between serum Cyr61 and clinicopathological features of CRC patients. The levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were quantified using the Roche Cobas 6000 Analyzer. The sensitivity and specificity of Cyr61, CEA, CA19-9 and CEA + CA19-9 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: The serum level of Cyr61 was significantly increased in CRC patients compared with colorectal adenoma patients and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve for Cyr61 was 0.935 (95 % confidence interval 0.902-0.968), higher than that for CEA + CA19-9 (0.827, 95 % confidence interval: 0.783-0.871). Use of a Cyr61 cutoff value of 92.0 pg/mL allowed distinguishing CRC patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 83 % and a specificity of 97 %. Among CRC patients, an elevated level of serum Cyr61 was significantly associated with more advanced TNM stage (p < 0.0042), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0088), and vascular invasion (p = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: Cyr61 has potential as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC and for assessment of the clinicopathological status of CRC.

[Value of pudendal nerve stimulation for predicting the stress urinary incontinence following pelvic prolapse surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To seek the predictive value of pudendal nerve function that need preventive anti-incontinence surgery at the same time following pelvic prolapse surgery in severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients. METHODS: Seventy women completed this study from January 2014 to June 2015 in Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, dividing into four groups: POP with or without coexisting occult stress urinary incontinence (OSUI) in preoperation, women with persistent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postoperation, women without SUI in postoperation. The pudendal nerve function in preoperation was measured by using Solar Urodynamic Neuro Module, including pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML), and amplitude. RESULTS: There were statistical significance on bilateral PNTML between POP coexisting OSUI group and only severe POP group [(2.62±0.23) versus (2.40±0.26) ms in right of PNTML, (2.55± 0.21) versus (2.37 ±0.30) ms in left of PNTML; all P<0.05], but no statistical significance on bilateral amplitude (P>0.05). Compared de novo SUI group with POP group in postoperation, de novo SUI group's right of PNTML was significantly increased [(2.74±0.16) versus (2.47±0.26) ms; P< 0.05]; and the right of PNTML was extending 2.5 standard deviation at least compared with the health's [(2.10±0.20) ms]. CONCLUSIONS: The PNTML of pudendal nerve of POP coexisting OSUI is severe than only severe POP, the velocity of nerve conduction is slowing, and PNTML extension has a predictive value for postoperative urinary incontinence. When the right of PNTML of preoperative POP increased by at least 2.5 standard deviations than health's, the risk of SUI postoperative strongly increased, and a anti-incontinence surgery at the same time following pelvic prolapse surgery should be adviced.

MicroRNA-154 functions as a tumor suppressor and directly targets HMGA2 in human non-small cell lung cancer.

MicroRNA-154 (miR-154) is dysregulated in some human malignancies and is correlated with tumor progression. However, its expression and function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Therefore, we explored the effects of miR-154 on NSCLC tumorigenesis and development. Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we detected miR-154 expression in NSCLC cell lines and primary tumor tissues. The association between miR-154 expression and clinicopathological factors was investigated, and the effects of miR-154 on the biological behavior of NSCLC cells were examined. Ultimately, the potential regulatory effect of miR-154 on high-mobility group A2 protein (HMGA2) expression was confirmed. miR-154 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC cell lines and clinical specimens. Reduced miR-154 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and shorter overall survival. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that downregulation of miR-154 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of miR-154 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay identified HMGA2 as a direct target of miR-154. Our findings indicate that miR-154 may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC and would serve as a novel therapeutic agent for miR-based therapy.

[Modified Prolift procedure without trachelectomy or hysterectomy for the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse complicated with cervical elongation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of a modified Prolift procedure, without preceding partial trachelectomy or hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with coexistent cervical elongation. METHODS: Clinical data of 72 patients that underwent a modified Prolift procedure for POP with coexistent cervical elongation, between December 2008 and June 2012 in Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command was retrospectively analysed. A comparison was carried out between preoperative and postoperative parameters of pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system (POP-Q), and an objective evaluation was made according to the overall cure rate and recurrence rate. Pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) was used to investigate the subjective cure rate and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS: Patients were followed up at median 52 months (36-78 months). One bladder perforation and one rectum perforation occurred during the procedure. Four patients (6%, 4/72) had uterine prolapse at 9-19 months after the opertaion and had transvaginal hysterectomy laterly. The overall anatomical correction rate was 94% (68/72). Six patients (8%, 6/72) had mesh exposures at 3-9 months after the opertaion. Scores of PFDI-20 decreased sifnificantly after the procedure (118.2±25.2 vs 12.1±8.0 vs 12.5±9.5 vs 13.0±9.9, P< 0.05). The patients' satisfaction rate was 92% (66/72). CONCLUSION: This modified Prolift procedure, without preceding partial trachelectomy or hysterectomy, could effectively and safely correct POP with coexistent cervical elongation.

Identification and expression profiling analysis of goose melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) gene.

Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) is an important cytoplasmic receptor that recognizes long molecules of viral double-stranded RNA and single-stranded RNA with 5' triphosphate and mediates type I interferon secretion. In this study, the full-length MDA5 gene in the goose was identified and characterized. The cDNA of goose MDA5 was 3,306 bp in length with an open reading frame of 3,018 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 1,005 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained 6 main structure domains including 2 caspase activation and recruitment domains, one DExD/H-box helicase domain, one type III restriction enzyme domain, one helicase conserved C-terminal domain, and one RIG-I C-terminal domain. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that goose MDA5 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all sampled tissues. It was highly expressed in the jejunum, trachea, ileum, colon, and kidney, and lowly expressed in the muscular stomach, glandular stomach, and muscle. A significant increase in the transcription of MDA5 was detected in the brain, spleen, and lungs of geese after infection with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus compared with uninfected tissues. These findings indicated that goose MDA5 was an important receptor, involved in the antiviral innate immune defense to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in geese.

The characteristics of placental transfer and tissue concentrations of nickel in late gestational rats and fetuses.

The dynamics of nickel (Ni) uptake, transfer, retention and clearance in fetuses and late gestational rats were investigated by assessing its distributions in placenta, maternal and fetal organs and tissues during the 24 h period after a single dose of (63)Ni intraperitoneal injection on gestational day 20. Peak (63)Ni radioactivity was detected at 0.5 h in maternal blood, at 3 h in placenta, fetal membranes, fetal blood, fetal heart, maternal kidney, lung, stomach, liver and brain, at 9 h in fetal kidney, stomach, liver and brain, and lastly at 24 h in fetal lung and amniotic fluid. The maximal (63)Ni radioactivity among all samples was detected consistently in the fetal membranes and placenta. The (63)Ni radioactivity in fetal blood was higher than that in maternal blood from 3 to 24 h. The fetal liver, heart, stomach and brain exhibited higher (63)Ni radioactivity than the corresponding maternal organs from 6 to 24 h. However, maternal kidney consistently exhibited significantly higher (63)Ni radioactivity than the fetal kidney. The (63)Ni in fetal lung and amniotic fluid increased throughout the period of experimental observation. These observations corroborated previous finding that nickel is actively transferred across the blood-placenta-barrier into fetus, but hardly from fetus to mother. Moreover, these results suggest that the placenta has a high affinity for nickel and its barrier does not protect the fetus from nickel exposure. The fact that nickel concentrations are higher in most fetal organs and tissues than in corresponding maternal organs and tissues in late gestation indicates that, unlike the dam, fetuses lack effective means for getting rid of excessive nickel due to its confined environment and relatively weak kidney functions. The situation is exacerbated by mother-to-fetus unidirectional transfer. Consequently, the fetuses are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of nickel.

Transplantation of muscle-derived stem cells plus biodegradable fibrin glue restores the urethral sphincter in a pudendal nerve-transected rat model.

We investigated whether fibrin glue (FG) could promote urethral sphincter restoration in muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC)-based injection therapies in a pudendal nerve-transected (PNT) rat, which was used as a stress urinary incontinence (SUI) model. MDSCs were purified from the gastrocnemius muscles of 4-week-old inbred female SPF Wistar rats and labeled with green fluorescent protein. Animals were divided into five groups (N = 15): sham (S), PNT (D), PNT+FG injection (F), PNT+MDSC injection (M), and PNT+MDSC+FG injection (FM). Each group was subdivided into 1- and 4-week groups. One and 4 weeks after injection into the proximal urethra, leak point pressure (LPP) was measured to assess urethral resistance function. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed 4 weeks after injection. LPP was increased significantly in FM and M animals after implantation compared to group D (P < 0.01), but was not different from group S. LPP was slightly higher in the FM group than in the M group but there was no significant difference between them at different times. Histological and immunohistochemical examination demonstrated increased numbers of surviving MDSCs (109 ± 19 vs 82 ± 11/hpf, P = 0.026), increased muscle/collagen ratio (0.40 ± 0.02 vs 0.34 ± 0.02, P = 0.044), as well as increased microvessel density (16.9 ± 0.6 vs 14.1 ± 0.4/hpf, P = 0.001) at the injection sites in FM compared to M animals. Fibrin glue may potentially improve the action of transplanted MDSCs to restore the histology and function of the urethral sphincter in a SUI rat model. Injection of MDSCs with fibrin glue may provide a novel cellular therapy method for SUI.

Transplantation of muscle-derived stem cells plus biodegradable fibrin glue restores the urethral sphincter in a pudendal nerve-transected rat model

We investigated whether fibrin glue (FG) could promote urethral sphincter restoration in muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC)-based injection therapies in a pudendal nerve-transected (PNT) rat, which was used as a stress urinary incontinence (SUI) model. MDSCs were purified from the gastrocnemius muscles of 4-week-old inbred female SPF Wistar rats and labeled with green fluorescent protein. Animals were divided into five groups (N = 15): sham (S), PNT (D), PNT+FG injection (F), PNT+MDSC injection (M), and PNT+MDSC+FG injection (FM). Each group was subdivided into 1- and 4-week groups. One and 4 weeks after injection into the proximal urethra, leak point pressure (LPP) was measured to assess urethral resistance function. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed 4 weeks after injection. LPP was increased significantly in FM and M animals after implantation compared to group D (P < 0.01), but was not different from group S. LPP was slightly higher in the FM group than in the M group but there was no significant difference between them at different times. Histological and immunohistochemical examination demonstrated increased numbers of surviving MDSCs (109 ± 19 vs 82 ± 11/hpf, P = 0.026), increased muscle/collagen ratio (0.40 ± 0.02 vs 0.34 ± 0.02, P = 0.044), as well as increased microvessel density (16.9 ± 0.6 vs 14.1 ± 0.4/hpf, P = 0.001) at the injection sites in FM compared to M animals. Fibrin glue may potentially improve the action of transplanted MDSCs to restore the histology and function of the urethral sphincter in a SUI rat model. Injection of MDSCs with fibrin glue may provide a novel cellular therapy method for SUI.

High-frequency promoter hypermethylation of the deleted in liver cancer-1 gene in multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1) is a tumour suppressor gene that is inactive in liver carcinogenesis. It encodes a rho-guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (rho-GAP) and maps to one of the deleted regions (8p21.3-22). Little is known, however, about the methylation status of the DLC-1 promoter in myeloma cells. AIM: To identify whether methylation of DLC-1 was associated in pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect DLC-1 transcripts in RPMI 8226, U266, OPM-2 and XG-2 cell lines. The methylation status was determined by methylation-specific PCR followed by bisulphite DNA sequencing in these four cell lines and in the bone marrow of 14 patients with multiple myeloma and 4 normal patients. DLC-1 mRNA expression in cells with or without treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) or trichostatin A (TSA) was investigated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: RPMI 8226 and U266 showed complete methylation and XG-2 showed partial methylation. DLC-1 was expressed only in OPM-2 cell lines that showed no methylation. DLC-1 methylation was shown in 11 of 14 (78%) patients with multiple myeloma and none of the normal controls. The exposure of cell lines to 5-aza-CdR or TSA resulted in the up regulation of DLC-1 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: DLC-1 methylation is often present in multiple myeloma and has a key role in DLC-1 silencing.

Synthesis of novel potential antitumor agents: 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone-3-mercapto-acetyl peptide conjugates.

This paper reports on an ongoing study of the use of short chain peptides as carriers of a potential anti-tumor agent: 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone-3-mercaptoacetic acid (DMQ-MA). In an effort to carry out anti-cancer drug design, we synthesized three new peptide-DMQ-MA conjugates: DMQ-MA-Arg-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(Cbz)-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(Cbz)-Arg-Arg-Ome; two new DMQ-MA-peptide-Chlorambucil (CRB) derivatives: DMQ-MA-Lys(CRB)-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(DMQ-MA)-Lys(CRB)-Arg-Ome and four tripeptide-cytotoxic agent conjugates: DMQ-MA-Lys(DMQ-MA)-Phe-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(DMQ-MA)-Ile-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(DMQ-MA)-Val-Arg-Ome, DMQ-MA-Lys(DMQ-MA)-Lys(Cbz)-Arg-Ome. These conjugates were synthesized by coupling protected amino acid residues according to Pfp/DCC methods (Pfp: Pentafluorophenol, DCC:N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide) in solution. After deblocking the Boc- group of the Lysine, the conjugation was achieved by reaction with the pentafluorophenyl ester of DMQ-MA in DMF. The CRB in the side chain was coupled by deblocking the lysylcarbobenzyloxy protecting group Cbz and then reacting with the pentafluorophenyl ester of Chlorambucil(CRB). Further studies on cytotoxicity and sequence specificity of DNA alkylation of these five new conjugates are being investigated.

[The rapid activation of human LAK cells and their inhibition on ovarian cancer at the advanced stage].

The study of generation of LAK cells from cord blood following a brief exposure to interleukin-2 (IL-2) demonstrated that a short time induction (15min-1h) of lymphocytes by a high concentration of IL-2 resulted in the maturation of LAK proceusor cells and such activated cells expressed cytolytic activity comparable to that of routinely induced (cultured continuously in IL-2 for 3-7 days) lymphocytes. Serologic test showed that this efficiency was not inhibited by autoserum. The results of experimental therapy with the two kinds of LAK cells in nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer confirmed that both types of LAK cells had remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor growth. The preliminary trial in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with rapid-pulsed LAK cells suggested that this method may serve as a new approach in the clinical application of tumor immunotherapy.

Study on late effects of radioiodine on rats.

This paper describes the results observed on 850 male Wistar rats for two years after intraperitoneal injection with 131I, 132I or 125I of different radioactivities. The incidence of thyroid malignant tumor was 45.8% when the dose absorbed by the thyroid gland was 7.8 Gy in the 131I groups, and even tumors of lung and soft tissue, and malfunction of kidney and immune organs could be elicited when the radioiodine was overdosed. Both 132I and 125I have their optimal carcinogenic dose ranges and optimal doses of carcinogenesis. As the dosage decreases to a certain level, a low-limit dose incapable of inducing cancers may be present. 131I induced mainly papillary and mixed type carcinomas, 132I chiefly follicular and undifferentiated type carcinomas, while 125I induced follicular and medullary carcinomas. The paper also discusses cytochemical DNA quantitative assays of different histological types of thyroid gland carcinomas, holding that reference to such data as decreasing serum T4, elevating serum TSH and CIC may be helpful for early diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas.