[Personality disorders and schizophrenic defect (problem of comorbidity)]. / Rasstroistva lichnosti i shizofrenicheskii defekt (problema komorbidnosti).

AIM: To test the main hypothesis that the deficit phenomena in schizophrenia act not in the 'pure' form, but in the form of aggravating personality characteristics, forming so-called 'common' syndromes with personality disorders (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the psychopathological study (with the use of psychometric methods) of deficit disorders in a sample of 170 patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (63 men, 107 women) are presented in relation to the abnormal structure of premorbid personality (PD of clusters A, B, C). An analysis of negative symptoms according to the comparability of defect to the profile of premorbid personality made it possible to distinguish three groups of deficit states associated with PD - 'common syndromes': defensive schizoidy by the type of deficit schizoid and expansive schizoidy by the type of 'verschroben' (cluster A); pathological hysterical infantilism, malignant hysteria and defective erotomania (cluster B); pseudo-psychasthenia and pathological rationalism (cluster C). RESULTS: It has been found that the symptomatology of 'common syndromes' is subject to patterns reflecting the dichotomy of the basic defect. This pattern is valid not only for one single cluster of PD, but extends to all psychopathy-like disorders, regardless of their affiliation with a particular cluster. The pathocharacterological component of the 'common syndromes' coexisting with the deficit symptom complexes is subject to the basic deficit component of the defect and is separated into polar dimensions (defensive-expansive) within specific clusters of PD, and then unified in accordance with the dichotomy of schizophrenic defect in categories with the predominance of emotional or apathoabulic disorders. CONCLUSION: Psychopathy-like symptom complexes in the space of 'common syndromes' can be qualified as a psychopathological construct secondary to basic deficit disorders, and their isolation as an independent entity of negative disorders appears to be unjustified.

[CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR THE ADVERSE COURSE OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IN CHILDREN].

The article presents the results of our own studies to determine the criteria for the adverse variants of the course of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in children. The study was conducted in the regional children's infectious clinical hospital in Kharkov. 161 children aged three to fifteen years were under observation with diagnosis of infectious moninucleosis. Out of 161 ill children, 140 (86.9%) had moderate severity of disease, and 21 (13.1%) had severe forms. All children were prescribed standard clinical and laboratory-instrumental examinations. The diagnosis of IM was verified by PCR (detection of VEB DNA in the blood) and ELISA (anti-VEB Ig M and Ig G). In 140 children (86.9%) IM proceeded sharply, smoothly (the first group), in 21 (13.1%) - unfavorably (wave and / or prolonged course) - the second group. The groups were comparable according to age, the severity of the disease and other parameters. All children received therapy according to approved protocols (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 354 of 09.07.2004). Immune status of children was assessed by determining the relative contents of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD16 +, CD19 + blood cells with appropriate monoclonal antibodies, serum IgA, IgM, IgG concentration by Mancini and interleukin (IL) -1ß cytokine response and - 4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) is a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on the results of observations, it was established that the prognostically unfavorable criteria of IМ at the stages of manifestation of disease include: generalized lymphadenopathy involving 5-6 groups of lymph nodes and a significant increasing of them, purulent tonsillitis, marked increasing of size of liver and spleen on the background of anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and the absence of atypical mononuclears in the complete blood count. There is a depression of the cellular link and an increase in the humoral mechanisms of immune responses in case of development of adverse course of IM.

[The survival and sequestration of transfused donor platelets in cytostatic cytopenias].

AIM: To study the survival and sequestration of transfused donor platelets labeled with 51Cr in patients with acute leukemia (AL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven donor volunteers and 39 patients with different forms with AL at various stages of polychemotherapy (PCT) were examined. Cytostatic therapy was accompanied by 51Cr-labeled platelet concentrate (PC) transfusions. The patients were on appropriate high-dose (HD) PCT. RESULTS: The duration of donor platelet circulation was 8-10 days in healthy individuals. No platelet hypersequestration was recorded in both the spleen and the liver. Donor platelet survival was shorter in all patients with in a state of cytostatic cytopenia. There was an inverse correlation between the degree of circulation shortening and some clinical and hematological parameters (the bone marrow level of blastemia and blastosis, the XIIa-dependent fibrinolysis parameters). Four variants of radioactivity trends above the spleen and liver were identified. The findings suggest that there is platelet hypersequestration in the spleen, liver, and both organs. In some patients, the above both organs are uninvolved in the hypersequestration processes and the possible mechanism for increased consumption of transfused donor platelets, which is associated with recovery of the HD PCT-damaged vascular endothelium is considered. CONCLUSION: Shortening of transfused donor platelet circulation was found in relation to the level of blastosis. The described procedure may be used as one of the additional methods for evaluating the efficacy of donor PC transfusion and for specifying the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenias in AL patients on programmed HD PCT. A procedure is proposed to time the circulation of 51Cr-labeled platelets, by assessing deposit phenomena and estimating the level of their sequestration in the spleen and liver for the prediction of the efficiency of TC transfusions.

[Effect oh millimeter waves on the immune system in mice with experimental tumors]. / Vliianie millimetrovykh voln na immunnuiu sistemu myshei s éksperimental'nymi opukholiami.

The effect of low-level millimeter fractionated radiation on the production of tumor necrosis factor, intreleukin-2, interleukine-3, and nitric oxide and on the activity of natural killer cells and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in mice was studied. Cell activity was measured in four groups of male Balb/c mice (control, exposed, tumor-bearing unexposed, and exposed tumor-bearing animals) within 30 days of tumoral growth and microwave exposure (42.2 GHz, 10 Hz amplitude modulation, 0.5 microW/cm2, 1.5 h daily). A significant increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide and in the activity of natural killer cells was observed at the early stage of tumor development; this effect was considered as adaptive response. In healthy mice, millimeter radiation produced both stimulating and immunodepressive effects. The changes were nonmonotonous; as the exposure duration was increased, the stimulating effect became weaker and on day 30 it was not observed. Irradiation of tumor-bearing mice did not induce any significant changes in the activity of cells compared to unirradiated tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, exposure to millimeter waves impaired some characteristics of cell immunity in tumor-bearing mice. It was concluded that low-intensity millimeter waves do not increase the resistance against tumor as it was shown earlier in our experiments with centimeter waves.

[Effect of centimeter microwaves and the combined magnetic field on the tumor necrosis factor production in cells of mice with experimental tumors]. / Vliianie élektromagnitnykh voln santimetrovogo diapazona i kombinirovannogo magnitnogo polia na produktsiiu faktora nekroza opukholei v kletkakh myshei s éksperimental'nymi opukholiami.

The effect of fractionated exposure to low-intensity microwaves (8.15-18 GHz, 1 microW/cm2, 1.5 h daily for 7 days) and combined weak magnetic field (constant 65 1 microT; alternating--100 nT, 3-10 Hz) on the production of tumor necrosis factor in macrophages of mice with experimental solid tumors produced by transplantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was studied. It was found that exposure of mice to both microwaves and magnetic field enhanced the adaptive response of the organism to the onset of tumor growth: the production of tumor necrosis factor in peritoneal macrophages of tumor-bearing mice was higher than in unexposed mice.