DNA methylation profiling of a lipomatous meningioma: illustrative case.

BACKGROUND: Lipomatous meningiomas are an extremely rare, benign meningioma subtype subcategorized under metaplastic meningioma in the most recent 2021 update to the World Health Organization classification. They make up less than 0.3% of all meningiomas and, to date, less than 70 cases have been reported in the literature, none of which have undergone molecular profiling. This study aims to promote the utility of molecular profiling to better diagnose these rare tumors. OBSERVATIONS: The authors present the first case of a lipomatous meningioma with DNA methylation profiling that both confirmed its benign biology and uncovered unique cytogenetic changes. Molecular characterization of a lipomatous meningioma confirmed its diagnosis as a distinct, benign meningioma subtype and revealed several copy number variations on chromosome 8 and in NF2 and SMARCB1. Here we discuss some of the radiological and histopathological features of lipomatous meningiomas, how they can be used to distinguish from other meningiomas and other similarly presenting tumors, and a brief literature review discussing the pathophysiology and presentation of this rare tumor. LESSONS: This study provides evidence supporting the use of molecular profiling to diagnose lipomatous meningiomas and guide their clinical management more accurately.

Design of Ionic Liquids for Fluorinated Gas Absorption: COSMO-RS Selection and Solubility Experiments.

In recent years, the fight against climate change and the mitigation of the impact of fluorinated gases (F-gases) on the atmosphere is a global concern. Development of technologies that help to efficiently separate and recycle hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) at the end of the refrigeration and air conditioning equipment life is a priority. The technological development is important to stimulate the F-gas capture, specifically difluoromethane (R-32) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), due to their high global warming potential. In this work, the COSMO-RS method is used to analyze the solute-solvent interactions and to determine Henry's constants of R-32 and R-134a in more than 600 ionic liquids. The three most performant ionic liquids were selected on the basis of COSMO-RS calculations, and F-gas absorption equilibrium isotherms were measured using gravimetric and volumetric methods. Experimental results are in good agreement with COSMO-RS predictions, with the ionic liquid tributyl(ethyl)phosphonium diethyl phosphate, [P2444][C2C2PO4], being the salt presenting the highest absorption capacities in molar and mass units compared to salts previously tested. The other two ionic liquids selected, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium glycinate, [P66614][C2NO2], and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium 2-cyano-pyrrole, [P66614][CNPyr], may be competitive as far as their absorption capacities are concerned. Future works will be guided on evaluating the performance of these ionic liquids at an industrial scale by means of process simulations, in order to elucidate the role in process efficiency of other relevant absorbent properties such as viscosity, molar weight, or specific heat.

Hypertensive Emergency in a Woman with Systemic Sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease that causes fibrosis in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, involving other organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, it can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is one of the most dreadful complications of SSc. SRC is a medical emergency that can present as a clinical picture of hypertensive encephalopathy. The pathophysiology involves an abrupt onset of moderate to severe hypertension that ranges from days to weeks; it is associated with an increase in plasma renin activity and acute kidney injury. It is known that by introducing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, the mortality decreases significantly in SRC. The renal biopsy plays an important role on the diagnosis and opportune treatment. We present a clinical case of SRC with a typical presentation of hypertensive emergency and acute kidney injury.

Process Evaluation of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as F-Gas Absorbents.

The environmental impact of fluorinated gases (F-gases) necessitates the development of green technologies to mitigate them. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FIL/ILs) emerged as an alternative absorbent due to their unique and exceptional properties. In this work, a COSMO-based/Aspen Plus methodology was used to evaluate the performance of FIL/ILs as absorbents in the process scale of two F-gases: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) and difluoromethane (R-32). Results of the absorption column in equilibrium mode revealed that the behavior of FIL/ILs is similar under the same conditions, reaching higher efficiencies in the case of absorbing R-134a at a high F-gas partial pressure. Rate-based calculations in packing column demonstrated a kinetic control with highly viscous FIL/ILs, revealing higher performance differences between FIL/IL absorbents. The regeneration stage was also evaluated in near-industrial conditions. Operating conditions of the absorption column were optimized with a column of height 10 m and diameter ranging from 1.1 to 1.2 m at 10 bar total pressure, reaching 90% F gas recovery with an L/G range of 6-10. Finally, preliminary economic analysis revealed operating costs to recover 90% of F-gas of 70 $/ton (R-134a) and 130 $/ton (R-32) with the FIL/IL that revealed the best behavior, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate.

Asociación de mortalidad, deformación longitudinal global y circunferencial del ventrículo izquierdo en pacientes con sepsis en terapia intensiva / Association of mortality, global longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and circumferential deformation of the left ventricle in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit / Associação de mortalidade, deformidade longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo em pacientes com sepse na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

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Abstract: Introduction: Sepsis is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the ICU, and when associated with SCM, the prognosis worsens; it can occur in up to 68% of patients. ECHO parameters have been proposed useful for the assessment of the LV systolic function, such as STRAIN-GLS and STRAIN-CS. In this study, the association of these with mortality in patients with sepsis in the ICU was assessed. Material and methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study was conducted in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU of a hospital center in Mexico City from January 1st to July 31st, 2018. Transthoracic ECHO was taken within the first 24 hours of the diagnosis of sepsis. Results: Thirty patients were included, 17 were male (56.7%); the median age was 68.5 years (RIQ 56-84); the median hospital stay was 12 days (RIQ 7-17). The death rate was of 23.3%. The average length of stay in the ICU was 19.1 days (3-185 days). Independently assessed by CS, it was found that 36% of the population presented LV systolic dysfunction, while assessed by GLS, it was 40%. When comparing non-survivors and survivors, there were no significant demographic differences; a difference of proportions was observed in the number of patients with diabetes. Differences in medians of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), VAI, CS and GLS were observed. When testing the ability to discriminate survivors against non-survivors, it was found that CS was marginally superior to GLS, APACHE (Acute Physiology Age and Chronic Health Evaluation) II, SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score) II, and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment). When testing the ability of CS and GLS to discriminate hospital stay greater than seven days, it was observed that the echocardiographic measures were superior. Cut-off points were selected for discrimination of survivors against non-survivors by analyzing sensitivity and specificity for the following echocardiographic measurements: CS ≥ -15.1 (S: 71.43%, E: 83.33%, LR(+) 4.3, LR(-) 0.34) and GLS ≥ -15.4 (S: 85.71%, E: 73.91%, LR(+) 3.3, LR(-) 0.19). In the multivariate analysis, it was found that a CS ≥ -15.1 was predictive of mortality during hospitalization in the study period and population, adjusted for other echocardiographic variables such as LVEF < 55%, GLS ≥ -15.4 and confounders such as sex [RM = 10.23 (95% CI, 1.01-103.2), p < 0.049]. In linear regression models, no predictive echocardiographic variables were found for days of hospital stay in the study period and population. Conclusions: The development of new ECHO techniques such as speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has facilitated the ability to evaluate LV function through the quantitative evaluation of myocardial deformation; although they are complex techniques, if performed and interpreted appropriately, they are very useful in different clinical conditions. MD can be an early marker of mortality in patients with sepsis; obtained by measuring the GLS and CS, it could be a reliable predictor of the outcomes of patients in the ICU, and it can also potentiate scales such as APACHE II, SOFA and SAPS II to allow early identification of septic patients at high risk. There are still some obstacles to the regular clinical application of GLS and CS in septic patients in the ICU. The optimal GLS limit for the prediction of mortality in these patients remains uncertain, and the intrinsic differences between the populations could contribute to the observed differences. However, it is known to be an effective parameter for the quantification of left ventricular function, even more sensitive than the LVEF by bidimensional ECHO, depending relatively less on the operator and loading conditions. Current results should be confirmed in additional large-scale and multi-center studies. Therefore, it still remains in the field of clinical research for patients in critical condition.

Resumo: Introdução: A sepse é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade na UTI e quando associada à SCM piora o prognóstico, pode ocorrer em até 68% dos pacientes. Os parâmetros do ECO têm sido propostos como úteis para a avaliação da função sistólica do VE, como STRAIN-GLS e STRAIN-CS, neste estudo foi avaliada a associação destes com a mortalidade em pacientes com sepse na UTI. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo, transversal, de coorte de um centro hospitalar em pacientes com sepse internados na UTI na Cidade do México, avaliados de 1 de janeiro a 31 de julho de 2018. Foi realizado ECO transtorácico nas primeiras 24 horas do diagnóstico de sepse. Resultados: Foram incluídos 30 pacientes, sendo 17 do sexo masculino (56.7%), idade média 68.5 anos (RiQ 56 - 84), internação média de 12 dias (RIQ 7-17). Com uma taxa de mortalidade de 23.3%. O tempo médio de permanência na UTI foi de 19.1 dias (3-185 dias). Avaliada independentemente pelo CS, constatou-se que 36% da população apresentava disfunção sistólica do VE, enquanto avaliada por GLS obtiveram 40% da população. Quando comparados não-sobreviventes e sobreviventes não houve diferenças demográficas significativas, observou-se uma diferença de proporções no número de pacientes com diabetes. Foram observadas diferenças nas medianas de PSAP, VAI, CS e GLS. Ao testar a capacidade de discriminar sobreviventes versus não sobreviventes, verificou-se que o CS foi marginalmente superior ao GLS APACHE II, SAPS II e SOFA. Ao testar a capacidade de CS e GLS em discriminar a permanência hospitalar superior a 7 dias, observou-se que as medidas ecocardiográficas foram superiores. Foram selecionados pontos de corte para a discriminação de sobreviventes versus não sobreviventes analisando a sensibilidade e especificidade para as seguintes medidas ecocardiográficas: EC ≥ -15.1 (S: 71.43%, E: 83.33%, LR (+) 4.3, LR (-) 0.34) e GLS ≥ -15.4 (S: 85.71%, E: 73.91%, LR (+) 3.3, LR (-) 0.19). Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que um CS ≥ -15.1 foi preditivo de mortalidade durante a internação no período e população do estudo, ajustado para outras variáveis ecocardiográficas como FEVE < 55%, GLS ≥ -15.4 e confundidores como sexo. [RM = 10.23 (IC 95%, 1.01-103.2), p < 0.049]. Nos modelos de regressão linear, não foram encontradas variáveis ecocardiográficas preditivas para os dias de internação hospitalar no período e população do estudo. Conclusões: O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de ECO, como STE, facilitou a capacidade de avaliar a função do VE através da avaliação quantitativa da deformação miocárdica, embora sejam técnicas complexas, si se realizam e interpretam de forma adequada, são muito úteis em diferentes condições clínicas. A MD pode ser um marcador precoce de mortalidade em pacientes com sepse, obtida pela mensuração da GLS e CS poderia ser um preditor prognóstico confiável dos resultados de pacientes na UTI, e também pode potencializar escalas como APACHE II, SOFA e SAPS II para permitir a identificação precoce de pacientes sépticos de alto risco. Existem ainda alguns obstáculos para a aplicação clínica regular de GLS e CS em pacientes sépticos na UTI, apesar de ser um estudo à beira do leito, é necessário levar em conta a gravidade da doença e comorbidades prévias. O limite ideal de GLS para a predição de mortalidade nesses pacientes permanece incerto e as diferenças intrínsecas entre as populações poderiam contribuir para as diferenças observadas, porém é sabido que é um parâmetro efetivo para a quantificação da função ventricular esquerda, mais sensível que a FEVE por ECO bidimensional, dependem relativamente menos do operador e das condições de carga. Os resultados atuais devem ser confirmados em estudos adicionais em larga escala e multicêntricos. Por isso, ainda permanece no campo da pesquisa clínica para pacientes em estado crítico.

Aspectos clínicos actuales del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial / Current clinical aspects of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Resumen La hipertensión arterial sistémica es la enfermedad de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial que incrementa de forma importante el riesgo cardiovascular. Un diagnóstico temprano, junto al logro de metas, disminuye de forma importante el riesgo de complicaciones. Recientemente se han actualizado los criterios diagnósticos para la hipertensión, así como la introducción del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial. La introducción en la práctica clínica del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial fue para ayudar al diagnóstico de la "hipertensión de bata blanca" y la "hipertensión enmascarada". En la actualidad también se ha demostrado que el monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial es superior al método tradicional de registro de presión arterial en el consultorio, tanto para el diagnóstico como para el adecuado control y ajuste del tratamiento farmacológico. Además se han introducido nuevos conceptos de suma importancia como la hipertensión arterial nocturna aislada, la elevación matutina alterada de la presión arterial y los patrones alterados de descenso nocturno de la presión arterial; los cuales se han asociado a un incremento de riesgo cardiovascular. Varios estudios han mostrado relevante valor pronóstico en algunas poblaciones. Aún existen otros conceptos en los cuales hace falta un mayor estudio para establecer adecuadamente su introducción en la práctica clínica como la carga hipertensiva, la variabilidad, la presión de pulso y la rigidez arterial; además de establecer valores de acuerdo a más estudios clínicos en poblaciones como pacientes geriátricos y niños.

Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension is the prevalentest disease worldwide that significantly increases cardiovascular risk. An early diagnosis together to achieve goals decreases the risk of complications significatly. Recently have been updated the diagnostic criteria for hypertension and the introduction of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The introduction into clinical practice of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was to assist the diagnosis of "white coat hypertension" and "masked hypertension". Today has also shown that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is better than the traditional method of recording blood pressure in the office, to the diagnosis and to adequate control and adjustment of drug treatment. Also there have been introduced important new concepts such as isloted nocturnal hypertension, morning blood pressure elevation altered and altered patterns of nocturnal dip in blood pressure; which have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Several studies have shown significant prognostic value in some stocks. There are still other concepts on which further study is needed to properly establish their introduction to clinical practice as hypertensive load variability, pulse pressure and arterial stiffness. In addition to setting values according to further clinical studies in populations such as elderly and children.

Por qué es importante lograr metas de hipertensión arterial sistémica... A propósito un caso clínico que inició como evento vascular cerebral isquémico / Why is it important to achieve the goals of treatment of hypertension.... About a case that began as ischemic stroke

Resumen La hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) es una de las condiciones más frecuentes que se ve en atención primaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y que tiene como consecuencias; dependiendo del "órgano blanco" que afecte, producir la cardiopatía isquémica, la vasculopatía cerebral o la nefropatía crónica. Dentro de la patogénesis de la HAS se encuentran implicados varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos; de los cuales actualmente, por señalar los más importantes y frecuentes, juegan un papel el incremento en los niveles de adrenalina, el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona y en fecha reciente, mucho se menciona la participación de la resistencia a la insulina y la hiperinsulinemia. Dichos procesos conllevan un desequilibrio entre el tono simpático y el parasimpático, aunado a la hipersensibilidad por el sodio desencadenan uno de los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos de la HAS. Actualmente se define la HAS como el hallazgo de cifras de tensión arterial mayores a 140/90 mm Hg. Este es uno de los padecimientos que más afecta a la población mundial encontrando prevalencias en grupos etarios y de género de 45 al 55% en varones entre los 45 y 70 años y del 45 al 65% en mujeres de ese mismo grupo etario. En el 2013 se publicaron las guías clínicas más recientes para su tratamiento y las metas recomendadas, con lo que se ha logrado disminuir sus complicaciones y mortalidad; dentro de las que destacan enfermedades vasculares como la cardiopatía isquémica y la cerebral y renal. En el presente trabajo se comenta un caso clínico que ejemplifica las complicaciones secundarias en un diagnóstico tardío, el daño a "órgano blanco" por exposición a largo plazo y el inadecuado cumplimiento de las metas terapéuticas.

Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most common conditions seen in primary care of cardiovascular disease and whose consequences; depending on the "target organ" affecting produce ischemic heart disease, cerebral vascular disease or chronic kidney disease. In the pathogenesis of HAS are several physiopathological mechanisms involved; of which currently, to name the most important and frequent play a role in increasing adrenaline levels, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and recently, much the participation of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia mentioned. These processes lead to an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, coupled with hypersensitivity sodium trigger one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension. SAH is currently defined as finding numbers of older blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg. This is one of the diseases that most affect the world population prevalences found in age and gender groups 45 to 55% in men between 45 and 70 years and 45 to 65% in women of the same age group. In 2013 most recent clinical guidelines for treatment and the recommended goals, which has managed to reduce its complications and mortality were published; among which include vascular diseases such as ischemic heart and brain and kidney. In this paper a case that exemplifies the secondary complications in late diagnosis, damage to "target organ" by long-term exposure and inadequate compliance with therapeutic goals discussed.

Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos de VHB y VHC en donadores de sangre de la ciudad de Veracruz / Prevalence of VHB and VHC serological markers among blood donors in the capital state of Veracruz, Mexico

Antecedentes: A pesar del impacto de las enfermedades hepáticas en la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población mexicana, existe poca información epidemiológica sobre la infección por virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC) en el sureste de la República mexicana. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos de VHB y VHC en donadores de sangre del centro y sur de Veracruz. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en el Centro Estatal de la Transfusión Sanguínea de la ciudad de Veracruz, recabando resultados de los marcadores serológicos para VHB y VHC (AgsHb y antiVHC) e información demográfica de los individuos considerados aptos para realizar una donación. Resultados: Se revisaron 8650 registros de individuos, se encontró una seroprevalencia de 0.057 y 1.1% para AgsHB y antiVHC, respectivamente, con variaciones en los diferentes municipios estudiados. Únicamente 2.97% de los individuos seropositivos se había realizado escrutinio previo para la detección de virus hepatotropos. Conclusiones: Los datos indican que la región centro-sureste de Veracruz presenta elevada seroprevalencia antiVHC en donadores de sangre. Se deberá realizar estudios posteriores para determinar los factores de riesgo que la expliquen.

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease has a high mortality among the Mexican population. However epidemiological data on hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection in the southeast areas of the country is limited. Our objective was to report the prevalence of blood markers of HBV and HCV among blood donors from the capital city of Veracruz, Mexico. METHODS: Between January and December 2005 we analyzed the results of the screening tests used to detect serological markers of HBV and HCV infection (HBsAg and anti-HCV). We included demographic data of blood donors from the State Center for Blood Transfusion of the capital city of Veracruz. RESULTS: We reviewed 8,650 blood donor reports and found a prevalence of 0.057% and 1.1% for AgsHB and anti-HCV respectively. Only 2.97% of all individuals with a positive test had been previously screened for hepatic viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our study indicate that the central and southeast regions of the state of Veracruz have a high anti-HCV prevalence among blood donors when compared with results from other states in Mexico. Further studies should evaluate risk factors in regions with high HCV seropositivity.

Toxocariasis (larva visceral migrante): un caso de la forma clínica encubierta y revisión del tema / Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans): a case of the covert from and a review of the theme

Seguido a una revisión temática de la toxocariasis (parasitismo visceral humano por larvas del nematode canino Toxocara canis) se describen las características clínicas, la evolución y el tratamiento en un niño de 18 meses afectado por la forma encubierta de la enfermedad, haciéndose diagnóstico presuntivo por la elevada leucocitosis (100.400 p/mm cub. con 78 por ciento de eosinófilos), hepatomegalia prominente e infiltrado pulmonar nodulillar difuso, confirmándose tal anticipo por suerorreacción positiva para T.canis (Inst. Malbrán) en título 1:256. Se obtuvo la curación mediante tratamiento con tiabendazol 25 mg/kg/día durante 15 días