Acute and chronic mammary periprosthetic histological changes of the muscle.

Background: Augmentation mammoplasty with subpectoral prosthesis implantation is a frequent performed procedure in plastic surgery for reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. Although prosthesis implantation in a pocket under the major pectoralis muscle has been related to volumetric and functional alterations, there is not much information about the associated short- and long-term histological changes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to describe the acute and chronic histological muscle alterations associated with subpectoral prosthesis implantation. Materials and Method: We collected samples from patients with breast tissue expander (<6 months after implantation) and prosthesis (>1 year after implantation) and from patients without implantation as a control group. The samples were processed for assessing their histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical properties. Results: In the control group, no relevant histological findings were identified. Additionally, in the patients with expander, we observed mild augmentation of the internalised nuclei, normal morphology, significant muscle atrophy and fibrosis, whereas in the patients with prosthesis considerable augmentation of internalised nuclei, significant muscle atrophy, fibrosis and alteration of normal muscle morphology were observed. Conclusion: Prosthesis implantation induces histological changes in the periprosthetic striated muscle. Chronic fibrosis and inflammation play key roles in this process, which should be characterised in more detail from the histological and molecular biological perspective.

Improving a regional project on diagnostic reference levels for interventional procedures (OPRIPALC) with the support of a dose management system for the protection of patients and staff.

Interventional radiology is a clinical practice with important benefits for patients, but which involves high radiation doses. The optimisation of radiation protection (RP) for paediatric interventional cardiology is a priority for both patients and staff. The use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) has been proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to improve RP in imaging procedures. Dose management systems (DMSs) allow the automatic collection of dosimetric, geometric and technical data to assist the optimisation process, with a continuous audit of the procedures, generating alerts to implement corrective actions when necessary. Patient dose indicators may be analysed individually and for different radiation events (fluoroscopy and cine runs). Occupational doses per procedure may be analysed (if electronic dosimeters are available) and linked with patient doses for an integrated approach to RP. Regional optimisation programmes require data collection and processing from several countries to set and periodically update the DRLs. Patient data is anonymised, and each participating hospital has access to their data in a central computer server. Using DMSs may be one of the best ways to support these programs in the collection and analysis of data, raising alerts about high patient and occupational doses and suggesting optimisation actions.

The phased Solanum okadae genome and Petota pangenome analysis of 23 other potato wild relatives and hybrids.

Potato is an important crop in the genus Solanum section Petota. Potatoes are susceptible to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and have undergone constant improvement through breeding programs worldwide. Introgression of wild relatives from section Petota with potato is used as a strategy to enhance the diversity of potato germplasm. The current dataset contributes a phased genome assembly for diploid S. okadae, and short read sequences and de novo assemblies for the genomes of 16 additional wild diploid species in section Petota that were noted for stress resistance and were of interest to potato breeders. Genome sequence data for three additional genomes representing polyploid hybrids with cultivated potato, and an additional genome from non-tuberizing S. etuberosum, which is outside of section Petota, were also included. High quality short reads assemblies were achieved with genome sizes ranging from 575 to 795 Mbp and annotations were performed utilizing transcriptome sequence data. Genomes were compared for presence/absence of genes and phylogenetic analyses were carried out using plastome and nuclear sequences.

Higher baseline resting metabolic rate is associated with 1-year frailty decline among older adults residing in an urban area.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulated energy metabolism is one hypothesized mechanism underlying frailty. Resting energy expenditure, as reflected by resting metabolic rate (RMR), makes up the largest component of total energy expenditure. Prior work relating RMR to frailty has largely been done in cross section with mixed results. We investigated whether and how RMR related to 1-year frailty change while adjusting for body composition. METHODS: N = 116 urban, predominantly African-American older adults were recruited between 2011 and 2019. One-year frailty phenotype (0-5) was regressed on baseline RMR, frailty phenotype, demographics and body composition (DEXA) in an ordinal logistic regression model. Multimorbidity (Charlson comorbidity scale, polypharmacy) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were separately added to the model to assess for change to the RMR-frailty relationship. The model was then stratified by baseline frailty status (non-frail, pre-frail) to explore differential RMR effects across frailty. RESULTS: Higher baseline RMR was associated with worse 1-year frailty (odds ratio = 1.006 for each kcal/day, p = 0.001) independent of baseline frailty, demographics, and body composition. Lower fat-free mass (odds ratio = 0.88 per kg mass, p = 0.008) was independently associated with worse 1-year frailty scores. Neither multimorbidity nor cognitive function altered these relationships. The associations between worse 1-year frailty and higher baseline RMR (odds ratio = 1.009, p < 0.001) and lower baseline fat-free mass (odds ratio = 0.81, p = 0.006) were strongest among those who were pre-frail at baseline. DISCUSSION: We are among the first to relate RMR to 1-year change in frailty scores. Those with higher baseline RMR and lower fat-free mass had worse 1-year frailty scores, but these relationships were strongest among adults who were pre-frail at baseline. These relationships were not explained by chronic disease or impaired cognition. These results provide new evidence suggesting higher resting energy expenditure is associated with accelerate frailty decline.

[Results of all-inside arthroscopic meniscal sutures, mid-term review]. / Resultado de suturas meniscales por técnica artroscópica ''todo adentro'', revisión a mediano plazo.

INTRODUCTION: all-in meniscal suture devices have evolved and simplified meniscal repair. In this study we will formulate the following research questions: what is the rate of survival and failure? What are the risk factors associated with failure? And what are the functional results after meniscal repair surgery? MATERIAL AND METHODS: ambispective study from 2001 to 2021 of patients with repairable meniscal injury with all-in meniscal suture devices. The survival and failure ratio were obtained with the Kaplan-Meier test, the risk factors associated with meniscal suture failure were assessed with the logistic regression test, and the pre- and post-surgical functional results were estimated with the test. t-Student. RESULTS: in 20 years of follow-up of 316 menisci repaired with all-in meniscal sutures, a survival rate of 95.9% was obtained. The absence of injury to the anterior horn of the meniscus was shown to be a protective factor [OR = 0.12], together with not practicing impact sports [OR = 0.2]. Post-surgery IKDC and Tegner-Lysholm results were shown to be very good to excellent (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: all-in meniscal suture devices are and will continue to be front-line weapons in the repair of meniscal tears. In 20 years of follow-up, a lower failure rate was evidenced, associated with excellent functional results.

INTRODUCCIÓN: los dispositivos de suturas meniscal todo adentro han evolucionado y simplificado la reparación meniscal. En este estudio formulamos las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuál es la tasa de supervivencia y falla?, ¿cuáles son los factores de riesgo asociado a falla? y ¿cuáles son los resultados funcionales posterior a la cirugía de reparación meniscal? MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio ambispectivo desde el 2001 al 2021 de pacientes con lesión meniscal reparable con dispositivos meniscales de sutura todo adentro. La razón de supervivencia y falla se obtuvo con el test de Kaplan-Meier, los factores de riesgo asociado con falla de la sutura meniscal se valoraron con el test de regresión logística y los resultados funcionales pre y postquirúrgicos fueron estimados con la prueba t-Student. RESULTADOS: en 20 años de seguimiento de 316 menisco reparados con suturas meniscal todo adentro se obtuvo que la razón de supervivencia de 95.9%. La ausencia de lesión del cuerno anterior del menisco se mostró como un factor protector [OR = 0.12], junto a la no práctica de deportes de impacto [OR = 0.2]. Se mostraron resultados del IKDC y Tegner-Lysholm posterior a la cirugía de muy buenos a excelentes (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIÓN: los dispositivos de sutura de meniscal todo adentro son y seguirán siendo armas de primera línea en la reparación de las roturas meniscales. En 20 años de seguimiento se evidenció una menor tasa de falla, asociados con excelentes resultados funcionales.

Curcumin Reduces Amyloid Beta Oligomer Interactions with Anionic Membranes.

Many neurodegenerative diseases involve amyloidogenic proteins forming surface-bound aggregates on anionic membranes, and the peptide amyloid ß (Aß) in Alzheimer's disease is one prominent example of this. Curcumin is a small polyphenolic molecule that provides an interesting opportunity to understand the fundamental mechanisms of membrane-mediated aggregation because it embeds into membranes to alter their structure while also altering Aß aggregation in an aqueous environment. The purpose of this work was to understand interactions among curcumin, ß-sheet-rich Aß fibrillar oligomers (FO), and a model anionic membrane. From a combination of liquid surface X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that curcumin embedded into an anionic 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DMPG) membrane to rest between the lipid headgroups and the tails, causing disorder and membrane thinning. FO accumulation on the membrane was reduced by ∼66% in the presence of curcumin, likely influenced by membrane thinning. Simulation results suggested curcumin clusters near exposed phenylalanine residues on a membrane-embedded FO structure. Altogether, curcumin inhibited FO interactions with a DMPG membrane, likely through a combination of altered membrane structure and interactions with the FO surface. This work elucidates the mechanism of curcumin as a small molecule that inhibits amyloidogenesis through a combination of both membrane and protein interactions.

Resultado de suturas meniscales por técnica artroscópica "todo adentro", revisión a mediano plazo / Results of all-inside arthroscopic meniscal sutures, mid-term review

Resumen: Introducción: los dispositivos de suturas meniscal todo adentro han evolucionado y simplificado la reparación meniscal. En este estudio formulamos las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuál es la tasa de supervivencia y falla?, ¿cuáles son los factores de riesgo asociado a falla? y ¿cuáles son los resultados funcionales posterior a la cirugía de reparación meniscal? Material y métodos: estudio ambispectivo desde el 2001 al 2021 de pacientes con lesión meniscal reparable con dispositivos meniscales de sutura todo adentro. La razón de supervivencia y falla se obtuvo con el test de Kaplan-Meier, los factores de riesgo asociado con falla de la sutura meniscal se valoraron con el test de regresión logística y los resultados funcionales pre y postquirúrgicos fueron estimados con la prueba t-Student. Resultados: en 20 años de seguimiento de 316 menisco reparados con suturas meniscal todo adentro se obtuvo que la razón de supervivencia de 95.9%. La ausencia de lesión del cuerno anterior del menisco se mostró como un factor protector [OR = 0.12], junto a la no práctica de deportes de impacto [OR = 0.2]. Se mostraron resultados del IKDC y Tegner-Lysholm posterior a la cirugía de muy buenos a excelentes (p < 0.0001). Conclusión: los dispositivos de sutura de meniscal todo adentro son y seguirán siendo armas de primera línea en la reparación de las roturas meniscales. En 20 años de seguimiento se evidenció una menor tasa de falla, asociados con excelentes resultados funcionales.

Abstract: Introduction: all-in meniscal suture devices have evolved and simplified meniscal repair. In this study we will formulate the following research questions: what is the rate of survival and failure? What are the risk factors associated with failure? And what are the functional results after meniscal repair surgery? Material and methods: ambispective study from 2001 to 2021 of patients with repairable meniscal injury with all-in meniscal suture devices. The survival and failure ratio were obtained with the Kaplan-Meier test, the risk factors associated with meniscal suture failure were assessed with the logistic regression test, and the pre- and post-surgical functional results were estimated with the test. t-Student. Results: in 20 years of follow-up of 316 menisci repaired with all-in meniscal sutures, a survival rate of 95.9% was obtained. The absence of injury to the anterior horn of the meniscus was shown to be a protective factor [OR = 0.12], together with not practicing impact sports [OR = 0.2]. Post-surgery IKDC and Tegner-Lysholm results were shown to be very good to excellent (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: all-in meniscal suture devices are and will continue to be front-line weapons in the repair of meniscal tears. In 20 years of follow-up, a lower failure rate was evidenced, associated with excellent functional results.

[Reliability and validity of the Acquired healthy lifestyle assessment scale (E-VEVSA) in adults from Albacete and Murcia (Spain)]. / Fiabilidad y validez de la Escala de valoración del estilo de vida saludable adquirido (E-VEVSA) en adultos de Albacete y Murcia (España).

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle is a theoretical construct that is formed by the life habits of a subject. The analysis and objective quantification of lifestyle can have a great impact on people's health, as well as on the evolution of its status over the years. The objective of this research has been the validation of the Acquired Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Scale (E-VEVSA) in Spanish adults. METHOD: On an initial sample for the exploratory tests of 248 subjects and a final sample for the confirmatory tests of 780 subjects, aged between 22 and 72 years of age. Exploratory and confirmatory psychometric tests were carried out based on the Cronbach's alpha statistic (reliability) and exploratory factorial analysis with oblique rotation (oblimin) and confirmatory with varimax rotation (construct validity), which resulted in an instrument made up of 52 items and structured in 7 dimensions: individual responsibility in health care (9 items), habits of physical-sports practice (6 items), health habits in social relationships (10 items), habit of tobacco and alcohol consumption (9 items), habit of healthy eating (7 items), psychological health habits (6 items) and daily rest and sleep habits (5 items). RESULTS: All the items explained a total variance of 66.87% and a Cronbach's alpha of .894, with the partial alpha of each dimension or factor being above .700. CONCLUSIONS: The results show psychometric tests that confirm the validity of the E-VEVSA scale as a useful instrument to measure the healthy lifestyle acquired among adults.

[Systemic toxicity secondary to local anesthetic infiltration]. / Toxicidad sistémica secundaria a infiltración con anestésico local.

INTRODUCTION: Local anaesthetics (LA) are drugs that are widely used in anaesthetic procedures because of their favourable risk/benefit profile compared to general anaesthetics. Yet, these drugs also have some adverse effects. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 44-year-old man with no neurological history who presented systemic toxicity due to LA after instillation of intrathecal bupivacaine for hip arthroplasty surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic toxicity caused by LA can give rise to neurological symptoms that may or may not be associated with haemodynamic instability. Neurological symptoms usually occur early on and should alert to the possible occurrence of further life-threatening haemodynamic events. Being aware of the existence of these toxicities and their clinical management is essential to improve the evolution and prognosis of this potentially fatal condition.

TITLE: Toxicidad sistémica secundaria a infiltración con anestésico local.Introducción. Los anestésicos locales (AL) son fármacos ampliamente utilizados para procedimientos anestésicos por su perfil riesgo/beneficio favorable respecto a los anestésicos generales. No obstante, estos fármacos no están exentos de efectos adversos. Caso clínico. Hombre de 44 años sin antecedentes neurológicos que presenta un cuadro de toxicidad sistémica por AL tras la instilación de bupivacaína intratecal para ser intervenido de artroplastia de cadera. Conclusiones. Los cuadros de toxicidad sistémica por AL pueden producir sintomatología neurológica asociada o no a inestabilidad hemodinámica. Habitualmente, los síntomas neurológicos ocurren de forma precoz y deben alertar sobre la posible ocurrencia de eventos hemodinámicos ulteriores que pueden comprometer la vida del paciente. Conocer la existencia y el manejo clínico de estos cuadros de toxicidad resulta fundamental para mejorar la evolución y el pronóstico de este cuadro potencialmente mortal.

Identification of a small-scale pig farm infected with Brucella suis linked to a clinical case of human brucellosis in Buenos Aires province, Argentina / Identificación de un establecimiento de producción porcina infectado con Brucella suis a partir de un caso clínico de brucelosis humana en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resumen En este trabajo reportamos un caso de brucelosis humana ocasionada por Brucella suis en una persona que trabajaba en un establecimiento de producción porcina en pequeña escala. La granja no tenía antecedentes de la enfermedad y los animales no registraban signos clínicos al ser examinados. Se obtuvieron muestras de suero de todos los padrillos (n=3), de 16/22 chanchas y 9/25 cachorras y se analizaron mediante las técnicas de aglutinación rápida en placa con antígeno tamponado (BPA) y Rosa de Bengala (RB) y Polarización de la Fluorescencia (FPA). Muestras de tejido de un padrillo y de una hembra serológicamente positivos fueron analizadas por cultivo bacteriológico y por la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia Directa (IFD). Se detectaron anticuerpos específicos en el 53% de los cerdos adultos (10/19), mientras que todas las cachorras fueron seronegativas. Se aisló B. suis biovar 1 de un padrillo. En contraste, la bacteria no fue aislada en ninguno de los tejidos de la cerda seropositiva aunque sí se detectó la bacteria mediante IFD. A partir de los datos bacteriológicos y serológicos se evidencia la presencia de una infección endémica por B. suis. Asimismo, teniendo en cuenta la falta de medidas de prevención y de bioseguridad se concluye que la persona probablemente adquirió la enfermedad por contacto directo con los animales infectados o con el ambiente contaminado con la bacteria.

Abstract Here we report a case of human brucellosis due to Brucella suis in a person who worked in a small-scale pig farm. The farm had no history of clinical brucellosis, and signs of the disease were not observed upon clinical examination of the animals. Serum from all the 3 boars, 16/22 sows and 9/25 gilts was obtained for serological examination by Buffered Plate Agglutination Test (BPAT), Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Fluorescent Polarization Assay (FPA). Bacteriological culture and Direct Fluorescence Antibody Test (DFAT) were performed in tissue samples from a seropositive boar and a sow. Specific antibodies were detected in 53 % (10/19) adult pigs, while all sampled gilts were seronegative. B. suis biovar 1 was isolated from one boar. In contrast, while the bacterium was not isolated from any tissue from a seropositive sow, it was detected by DFAT. From the bacteriological and serological evidence of B. suis endemic infection in the pig farm and the lack of preventive measures and biosecurity practices, it is concluded that the person most likely acquired the disease from the infected animals or by contact with contaminated environment in the farm.

In vitro cytotoxicity study of superparamagnetic iron oxide and silica nanoparticles on pneumocyte organelles.

Inhalation is the main route of nanoparticles (NP) exposure during manufacturing. Although many mechanisms of toxicity have been described, the interaction of NP with relevant pneumocytes organelles is not widely understood. Considering that the physicochemical properties of NP influence their toxicological responses, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to different NP, crystalline Fe3O4 NP and amorphous SiO2 NP could alter pneumocytes organelles in alveolar epithelial cells. To achieve this goal, cell viability, ultrastructural changes, lysosomal damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid droplets (LD) formation and cytokines production were evaluated by MTT, electron microscopy, lysotracker red staining, JC-1, Oil Red staining and Milliplex® assay respectively. Both NP were observed within lamellar bodies (LB), lysosomes, and cytoplasm causing morphological changes. Exposure to SiO2 NP at 6 h induced lysosomal activation, but not Fe3O4 NP. MMP decreased and LD increased at the highest concentrations after both NP exposure. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were released only after SiO2 NP exposure at 48 h. These results indicate that SiO2 NP have a greater impact than Fe3O4 NP on organelles responsible for energy, secretion, degradation and metabolism in pneumocytes leading to the development of respiratory disorders or the exacerbation of preexisting conditions. Therefore, the established biocompatibility for amorphous NP has to be reconsidered.

Panhipopituitarismo secundario a hemorragia obstétrica profusa / Panhypopituitarism secondary to profuse obstetric haemorrhage

El síndrome de Sheehan o necrosis hipofisaria posparto, constituye la causa más importante de panhipopituitarismo, que de forma ocasional se asocia a hemorragia obstétrica profusa asociada a choque hipovolémico hemorrágico, ocasionando un colapso circulatorio intenso debido a isquemia de la adenohipófisis durante el parto o después del mismo, debido a que esta glándula endócrina sufre importantes cambios anatómicos e histológicos durante el embarazo, los cuales incrementan su volumen hasta en 40%. De esta forma, se produce una secreción reducida de las hormonas que ayudan a regular el crecimiento, la reproducción y el metabolismo, evidenciando en el examen hormonal detallado insuficiencia específicamente de la hormona de crecimiento, foliculoestimulante, luteinizante, estimulante de tiroides, adrenocorticotropica y prolactina predisponiendo a la paciente a inestabilidad hemodinámica a corto plazo así como desequilibrio hormonal permanente. Por esta importancia, es que se presenta el caso de una paciente que ingresó a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva tras cesárea iterativa debido a acretismo placentario llegando a la histerectomía total intercurriendo con choque hemorrágico, quien cursó durante su estancia en la Unidad con ausencia de recuperación neurológica total y características propias de síndrome de Sheehan, confirmándose el mismo por los niveles hormonales bajos y la ausencia de imagen en la silla turca correspondiente a la necrosis hipofisaria evidenciado por resonancia magnética, realizándose además una sucinta revisión acerca de la literatura relacionada actual.

ABSTRACT Sheehan syndrome or postpartum pituitary necrosis is the most common cause of hypopituitarism and occurs secondary to profuse obstetric haemorrhage with subsequent hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock, with intense circulatory collapse, predisposing to pituitary ischemia during delivery or after the same, due to the hypertrophic changes that occur in this gland during pregnancy. In this syndrome exists a reduced secretion of the hormones that regulate growth, reproduction and metabolism. We present the case of a female patient admitted to the Critical Care Unit after iterative cesarean due to placenta accreta and total hysterectomy, in hypovolemic shock secondary to severe hemorrhage, being suspicious of Sheehan´s syndrome, with characteristic clinical features, low hormone levels and the absence of image in the Turkish chair corresponding to the pituitary necrosis.

Gasometría arterial en residentes a gran altura, El Alto ­ Bolivia 2020 / Arterial blood gas analysis in residents at high altitude, El Alto, Bolivia 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: la presión barométrica determina la presión parcial de los gases tanto en el medio ambiente como a nivel alveolar pulmonar, por lo que, para una determinada presión barométrica, la presión de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono es distinta. OBJETIVO: el objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar los valores de gasometría arterial en residentes adultos sanos a muy alta altitud en la ciudad de El Alto. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio serie de casos, realizado durante la gestión 2019 en 22 (73%) mujeres y 8 varones (27%), con una media de edad de 36.07 años. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética Hospitalario. RESULTADOS: a 4150 metros sobre el nivel del mar, el pH tiende hacia la alcalosis (7.43) así como la PaO2 es menor (58.69mmHg), el valor de PaCO2 (26.14mmHg) es menor correspondiente a una ciudad con mayor altitud, el valor de bicarbonato sérico (20.14mmol/L) se encuentra disminuido en compensación a la disminución de la PaCO2 y el valor de la SatO2% (91.7%) es menor al reportado a nivel del mar. Hay que destacar que el índice PaO2/FiO2 no concuerda con el cálculo realizado según la fórmula propuesta dentro de la definición de los Criterios de Berlín. Se evidencia también que, en la muestra, si bien la correlación entre la PaO2 y la SatO2% resulta como alta, no resulta perfectamente lineal. CONCLUSIÓN: resulta imperativo precisar las características propias a la fisiología correspondientes a cada altitud, buscando aplicar parámetros propios como los de la gasometría arterial para el tratamiento de las enfermedades prevalentes en cada región, así como desarrollar investigaciones específicas a gran altura, ensayar posibilidades y documentarlas.

INTRODUCTION: barometric pressure determines the partial pressure of gases both in the environment and at the pulmonary alveolar level, so for a given barometric pressure, the pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide is different. The objective of this paper is to characterize arterial blood gas values in healthy adult residents at very high altitude in the city of El Alto. METHODOLOGY: case series study, carried out during 2019; 22 volunteers (73%) women and 8 men (27%), mean age 36.07 years are included. The study was approved by the Hospital Bioethics Committee. RESULTS: at 4150 meter above sea level, pH tends towards alkalosis (7.43) as well as PaO2 is lower (58.69mmHg), the value of PaCO2 (26.14mmHg) is lower corresponding to a city with higher altitude, the value of serum bicarbonate (20.14mmol/L) is lower in compensation at the decrease in PaCO2 and the value of SatO2% (91.7%) is lower than that reported at sea level. The PaO2/FiO2 index does not match the calculation made according to the proposed formula within the definition of the Berlin Criteria. It is also evident that, although the correlation between PaO2 and SatO2% is high, it is not perfectly linear. CONCLUSION: it is imperative to precise the characteristics corresponding to the physiology corresponding to each altitude, looking forward to apply these parameters, such as those of arterial blood gas, in the treatment of prevalent diseases for each region, and so as develop specific studies at high altitude, also testing and reporting them.

Endocarditis bacteriana a propósito de un caso / Bacterial endocarditis case report

OBJETIVO: informar acerca de un caso de endocarditis bacteriana. Paciente varón de 34 años de edad, con único antecedente de rinitis alérgica con tratamiento irregular. Él es procedente de Valparaiso Chile, se encuentra en sus vacaciones en la ciudad de La Paz, acude al servicio de medicina interna ­ emergencias, con clínica compatible con edema agudo de pulmón de la altura y edema cerebral de la altura, asociado a sepsis de foco pulmonar, que progresa a choque séptico, durante su internación intercurre con alzas térmicas continuas, asociado a hallazgo ecocardiográfico de vegetación en ventrículo derecho con hemocultivo positivo, por lo que se llega al diagnóstico de endocarditis bacteriana, se realizó el tratamiento correspondiente, y resolución del cuadro.

OBJECTIVE: to report a case of bacterial endocarditis A 34-year-old male patient with a unique history of allergic rhinitis with irregular treatment. He comes from Valparaiso Chile, is on vacation in the city of La Paz, goes to the service of internal medicine - emergencies with compatible clinical with acute pulmonary edema of height and cerebral edema of height, associated with sepsis of focus pulmonary disease, which progresses to septic shock, during internment with continuous hyperthermia, associated vegetation in right ventricle for echocardiography, also positive blood culture, so that a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis is reached, Corresponding treatment was carried out, and resolution of pathology..

HIV epidemic and cascade of care in 12 east African rural fishing communities: results from a population-based survey in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: In East Africa, fishing communities are considered most-at-risk populations for the acquisition of HIV. We estimated HIV prevalence and assessed progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets along the HIV treatment cascade in 12 fishing communities surrounding Lakes Edward and George, Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional household-based survey between September and November 2016. All adults between 15 and 69 years old were eligible to participate. Children below 15 years old were eligible for HIV testing if either parent was HIV-positive. Viral load testing was done for all HIV-infected individuals. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic-behavioral variables were used to assess the association between occupation and HIV positivity. RESULTS: Overall, 1738 adults (959 women, 779 men) and 148 children were included. Adult inclusion rate was 96.0%. Of the men, 58% reported to be fishermen. The HIV-prevalence among adults was 17.5% (95%CI: 15.8-19.4) and 6.1% (95%CI: 3.1-11.4) among HIV-exposed children. HIV prevalence was higher among women than among men (20.9% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.001). Among men, fishermen had a higher HIV prevalence (18.7%; 95%CI: 15.1-22.3) and a higher risk of being HIV-positive (aOR: 4.2; 95%CI: 2.0-9.1) than men of other occupations (p < 0.001). Progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets was as follows: 86.5% (95%CI: 82.3-90.1%) of the HIV-positive participants were diagnosed, 98.7% (95%CI: 96.1-99.6%) of those aware were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 87.3% (95%CI: 82.3-91.0%) of those on ART were virally suppressed. Overall, 73% of all HIV-positive individuals were virally suppressed. Viral suppression was lower among individuals 15-24 years (45.5%) than among those 25-44 years (74.0%) and 45-69 years (85.0%), p < 0.001. Fishermen did not to have significant differences in the HIV cascade of care compared to men with other occupations. CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevalence was high in these fishing communities, particularly among women and fishermen. Important progress has been made along the HIV treatment cascade, and the UNAIDS goal for viral suppression in population was achieved. However, gaps remain and HIV care strategies focusing on young people are urgently needed. HIV preventive interventions should target particularly women, young people and fishermen though HIV preventive and care services should remain available to the whole fishing communities.

SEOM clinical guideline on hereditary colorectal cancer (2019).

In the last 2 decades, clinical genetics on hereditary colorectal syndromes has shifted from just a molecular characterization of the different syndromes to the estimation of the individual risk of cancer and appropriate risk reduction strategies. In the last years, new specific therapies for some subgroups of patients have emerged as very effective alternatives. At the same time, germline multigene panel testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become the new gold standard for molecular genetics.

Current Practice in Vitamin D Management in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Survey by the Transplant Complications Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Beyond its impact on bone health, numerous studies have investigated the immune-regulatory properties of vitamin D and shown how its deficiency can affect outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. This survey, carried out by the Transplant Complications Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), describes the current clinical practice discrepancies across the EBMT HSCT programs. We therefore recommend the development of evidence-based guidelines to standardize evaluation criteria and to harmonize the management of vitamin D deficiency in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.

Depuración de lactato a gran altitud / Lactate clearance at high altitude

OBJETIVO: el estudio pretende caracterizar la depuración de lactato (DL) en pacientes críticamente enfermos, a gran altitud. DISEÑO: estudio prospectivo de cohorte. ÁMBITO: unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos del Hospital del Norte de la ciudad de El Alto, La Paz (Bolivia), a 4 150 metros sobre el nivel del mar, periodo 25 de abril 2016-01 de junio 2018. PACIENTES: todos los pacientes ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos, nativos de gran altitud, así como residentes de la misma por lo menos los últimos 6 meses. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 250 pacientes, con sobrevida de 68%, promedio de edad 50 años; en el grupo de 170 supervivientes, poco más de la cuarta parte del lactato de ingreso fue depurado (26%), a comparación del grupo de 80 fallecidos, en el cual incluso el valor de lactato se vio incrementado alrededor de la quinta parte del lactato de ingreso (21%), ambos con p ≤ 0.05 mediante el test de ANOVA. En pacientes críticamente enfermos a gran altitud, el riesgo relativo entre depuración de lactato ≥ 26% y sobrevida es de 2.7 con sensibilidad 0.72 y especificidad de 1. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: la depuración de lactato en individuos críticamente enfermos nativos de gran altitud, se asocia a mayor sobrevida y debería ser considerado como un objetivo durante la reanimación en pacientes críticos, de forma similar a estudios realizados en otras latitudes

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the lactate clearance on critically ill patients, at high altitude. DESIGN: prospective cohort study. FIELD: critical Care Unit of "Hospital del Norte" in El Alto, La Paz (Bolivia), during the period April 25, 2016 ­ June 01, 2018. PARTICIPANTS: critically ill patients residents of high altitude at least the last 6 months, admitted to the Adult Critical Care Unit. RESULTS: 250 patients were included, with survival of 68%, age average of 50 years; in the 170 survivors, lactate clearance average was 26%, in contrast with 80 deceased patients who presented an increased lactate level of 25%, p ≤ 0.05, both of them through ANOVA test. In high landers critically ill patients, relative risk of lactate clearance ≥ 26% and survival was 2.7 with sensitivity 0.72 and specificity 1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: lactate clearance in critically ill high landers dwellers, is associated with survival and it should be considered also as a reanimation objective, comparable to other studies developed in different latitudes