Dupla carreira e mobilidade social no futsal brasileiro: diferenças entre homens e mulheres / Dual career and social mobility in the brazilian futsal: differences between men and women

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar se, e em que medida, o marcador de gênero conforma diferentes perspectivas, oportunidades e incentivos que homens e mulheres na carreira esportiva no futsal, bem como para a reconversão para outra carreira vocacional. Para isso, descrevemos o perfil de atletas homens e mulheres sob o ponto de vista da trajetória esportiva e da dupla carreira. Utilizamos um questionário com 95 homens e 87 mulheres, participantes dos campeonatos adultos de futsal paulista. Nossos resultados apontam que a dupla carreira é predominante tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. Para elas, a dupla carreira com os estudos vai da adolescência até a idade adulta, quando os clubes as concedem bolsa universitária e salário. Após o ensino superior, as chances de permanência no futsal diminuem para mulheres, o que pode indicar a reconversão para outra carreira vocacional e chance de mobilidade social, já que elas são a primeira geração da família a atingir esse nível de ensino. Para os homens, a dupla carreira se estabelece mais precocemente, na infância e se torna, na idade adulta, conciliação com o trabalho, pois, com exceção de uma pequena parcela, a maioria não é remunerada para jogar. Essas diferenças demonstram a desigualdade de desenvolvimento do futsal entre os gêneros.

ABSTRACT This article analyzed whether, and to what extent, gender shapes different perspectives, opportunities and incentives to the athletic career in Brazilian futsal for men and women, as well to another vocational career. For this, we describe the profile of male and female athletes from their sporting trajectory and dual career. We used a questionnaire with 95 men and 87 women, participating in the adult futsal championships in São Paulo Our results show that dual careers are predominant for both men and women. For the latter, dual career with studies lasts from adolescence to adulthood, when clubs grant them a university scholarship and salary. After higher education, the chances of staying in futsal decrease for women, which may indicate the conversion to another vocational career and the chance of social mobility, since they are the first generation of their family to reach this level of education. For men, dual career is established earlier, in childhood and becomes, in adulthood, coping with work, since most are unpaid to play, with the exception of a small portion. These differences demonstrate the inequality of futsal development between genders.

Lipophosphoglycan-3 recombinant protein vaccine controls hepatic parasitism and prevents tissue damage in mice infected by Leishmania infantum chagasi.

AIMS: In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the Leishmania infantum chagasi infection on the liver of vaccinated mice, considering parameters of tissue damage and the inflammatory response elicited by vaccination. MAIN METHODS: We used recombinant LPG3 protein (rLPG3) as immunogen in BALB/c mice before challenge with promastigote forms of L. infantum chagasi. The animals were separated into five groups: NI: non-infected animals; NV: non-vaccinated; SAP: treated with saponin; rLPG3: immunized with rLPG3; rLPG3 + SAP: immunized with rLPG3 plus SAP. The experiment was conducted in replicate, and the vaccination protocol consisted of three subcutaneous doses of rLPG3 (40 µg + two boosters of 20 µg). The mice were challenged two weeks after the last immunization. KEY FINDINGS: Our results showed that rLPG3 + SAP immunization decreased the parasite burden in 99 %, conferring immunological protection in the liver of the infected animals. Moreover, the immunization improved the antioxidant defenses, increasing CAT and GST activity, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2 and NO3/NO2, and carbonyl protein in the organ. As a consequence, rLPG3 + SAP immunization preserved tissue integrity and reduced the granuloma formation, inflammatory infiltrate and serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP. SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, these results showed that rLPG3 vaccine confers liver protection against L. infantum chagasi in mice, while maintaining the liver tissue protected against the harmful inflammatory effects caused by the vaccine followed by the infection.

Desafiando o abismo tradicional: uma aproximação entre práticas inovadoras e o modelo de educação esportiva no âmbito da educação física escolar

RESUMO Na busca de possíveis articulações didáticas, objetivamos analisar se o modelo de educação esportiva é capaz de produzir o protagonismo e a autonomia dos estudantes, coadunar com a inovação pedagógica na educação física escolar. Para tanto, fizemos um estudo de caso em uma escola, durante um semestre letivo, combinamos observação, entrevista com a professora e grupo focal com os alunos. O modelo ajudou a inovar na abordagem do esporte, promoveu maior e diversificada participação discente, autonomia e corresponsabilidade. Permanece ainda como limitante o legado do modelo tradicional de aula, de modo que inovar é um desafio não só didático, mas também cultural.

ABSTRACT Looking forward to didactical articulations, we aimed to analyze if the Sport Education Model can produce protagonism and autonomy within students, in harmony with the pedagogical innovation in physical education. For this purpose, we conducted a case study at a public school during a semester, based on classes observation, an interview with the teacher and a focus group with some students. Sport Education Model helped to innovate in the sport's approach, promoting greater student participation, autonomy and co-responsibility. However, tensioning traditional classes still remains difficult, therefore, achieving innovation is a matter not only didactic but also a cultural challenge.

RESUMEN En la búsqueda de posibles articulaciones didácticas, nuestro objetivo fue analizar si el modelo de educación deportiva es capaz de generar protagonismo y autonomía entre los estudiantes, con la innovación pedagógica en la educación física escolar. Para ello, realizamos un estudio de casos en un colegio durante un semestre lectivo, en que se combinaron observación, entrevista con la profesora y grupo focal con los alumnos. El modelo ayudó a innovar en el abordaje del deporte, lo que promovió una mayor y diversificada participación de los estudiantes, autonomía y corresponsabilidad. Se mantiene todavía como limitante el legado del modelo tradicional de clase, de modo que innovar es un desafío no solo didáctico, sino también cultural.

Arsenic exposure intensifies glycogen nephrosis in diabetic rats.

It is known that either arsenic exposure or diabetes can impact renal function. However, it is unclear how these combined factors may influence kidney functions. Therefore, we evaluated morphological, functional, and oxidative parameters in the kidney of diabetic rats exposed to arsenic. Healthy male Wistar rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were exposed to 0 and 10 mg/L arsenate through drinking water for 40 days. Renal tissue was assessed using morphometry, mitosis and apoptosis markers, mineral proportion, oxidative stress markers, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes and membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatases. Arsenate intake altered glucose levels in healthy animals, but it did not reach hyperglycemic conditions. In diabetic animals, arsenate led to a remarkable increase of glycogen nephrosis in distal tubules. In these animals, additionally, the activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferase, besides the proportion of Fe, Cu, and K in renal tissue, was altered. Nevertheless, arsenate did not accumulate in the kidney and did not impact on other parameters previously altered by diabetes, including levels of malondialdehyde, Na, urea, creatinine, and apoptosis and mitosis markers. In conclusion, besides the intensification of glycogen nephrosis, the kidney was able to handle arsenate toxicity at this point, preventing arsenic deposition in the exposed groups and the impairment of renal function.

O paradoxo da profissionalização do futsal feminino no Brasil: entre o esporte e outra carreira / The paradox of the professionalization of women's futsal in Brazil: between the sport and another career / La paradoja de la profesionalización del futsal femenino en Brasil: entre el deporte y otra carrera

Este artigo descreve o perfil das atletas e o contexto do futsal feminino, analisando a relação entre o perfil socioeconômico, a formação esportiva e a carreira esportiva destas jogadoras no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, aplicamos um questionário misto para 87 atletas, abarcando todas as que disputaram o campeonato paulista de 2015. Nossos resultados apontam que a carreira no futsal de mulheres é pouco estruturada, o que ajuda a compreender o motivo pelo qual o perfil das atletas é formado por mulheres de famílias de baixo capital cultural e poder aquisitivo. Para elas, a carreira no futsal constitui um paradoxo, pois não é um projeto de vida em si, mas a fonte de acesso a outro, que pode se consolidar como uma possibilidade de mu-dança social para elas.

This article aimed to describe the profile of the athletes and the context of women futsal play-ers and analyzed the relationship between the socioeconomic profile, the sports training and the athletic career of these players in the state of São Paulo. To achieve this, we applied a sur-vey to all 87 futsal players, who competed in the São Paulo championship of 2015. Our re-sults showed that the career in women's futsal is poorly structured, which points out the rea-son why the profile of athletes is directed to those of families with low cultural capital and purchasing power. For those women, the career in futsal is a paradox, because it is not a pro-ject of life in itself, but the way to access another one, which can be consolidated as a possi-bility of social change for them.

En este artículo se describe el perfil de las atletas y el contexto del futsal femenino, analizan-do la relación entre el perfil socioeconómico, la formación en el deporte y la carrera atlética de esas jugadoras en la ciudad de São Paulo. Para eso, aplicamos un cuestionario mixto a 87 atletas, englobando a todas las que compitieron en el campeonato Paulista de 2015. Nuestros resultados indican que la carrera del futsal femenino es poco estructurada, lo que ayuda a entender por qué el perfil de las atletas está formado por mujeres provenientes de las familias de bajos capital cultural y poder adquisitivo. Para ellas, la carrera del futsal está constituida por una paradoja, ya que no es un proyecto de vida en sí, sino la fuente de acceso a otro, que puede consolidarse como una posibilidad de transformación social para ellas.