[Retinal detachment caused by ocular perforation during periocular anesthesia: three case reports]. / Décollement de rétine par perforation oculaire au cours d'anesthésies péri-oculaires: à propos de trois cas.

INTRODUCTION: Local anesthesia for eye surgery was first described in 1884; later Knapp popularized retrobulbar anesthesia. To reduce risks, peribulbar anesthesia appeared in the 1970s. Still used today, periocular anesthesia is not without complications, in particular the risk of ocular perforation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients were referred to our department for diagnosis and treatment of an intravitreous hemorrhage following cataract surgery. We report the clinical features, treatment, and visual outcome for these three patients. RESULTS: The most common presentation was vitreous hemorrhage: the three eyes were found to have associated retinal detachment on initial assessment. One patient presented severe vitreoretinal proliferation with two postoperative recurrences; the globe was finally enucleated. The two other patients presented attached retina after surgery but had achieved very poor visual recovery. CONCLUSION: Inadvertent globe perforation during local ocular anesthesia is rare. Careful attention to risk factors, early recognition, and prompt referral for management are recommended to improve the visual prognosis. Surgical management must be adapted to the severity of the perforation (vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, vitreoretinal proliferation). The problems treating these patients with severe, often recurrent, retinal detachment, with poor visual prognosis, in a tricky forensic context should be emphasized.

Use of infrared thermography to detect inflammation caused by contaminated growth promotant ear implants in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the infrared thermographic appearance of bovine ears that had received contaminated growth promotant implants with ears that had received clean implants and ears without implants. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 32 yearling crossbred beef steers with a mean weight of 322 kg (708 lbs). PROCEDURE: Contaminated (n = 16) and clean (16) implants were placed in the ears of feedlot cattle. Nonimplanted (n = 32) ears served as a within-animal control for thermographic comparisons. Images of rostral and caudal surfaces were obtained during a 21-day period, using an infrared thermal imaging radiometer. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between mean temperature in a zone on the rostral surface of the ear and at 3 locations (proximal, middle, distal) on the caudal surface of the ear (response variables) with treatment (ears with contaminated implants or clean implants vs control ears with no implants), time (repeated day of measurement), and interactions among these variables. RESULTS: Significant temperature differences existed between ears with contaminated implants and control ears. Temperatures for ears with clean implants were significantly higher than control ears on day 2. At low ambient temperatures when the ears became wet, a greater temperature contrast was detected between ears with contaminated implants and control ears. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thermal imaging of the ears of feedlot cattle is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be used to identify cattle with abscesses caused by contaminated growth-promotant implants.

Effect of source of cattle and distance transported to a commercial slaughter facility on carcass bruises in mature beef cows.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of source of cattle and distance cattle were transported to a commercial slaughter facility on prevalence and severity of carcass bruises in mature beef cows. DESIGN: Epidemiologic investigation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Carcasses from 3,955 beef cows from 11 states assembled in 89 procurement lots. PROCEDURE: Each carcass was scored for bruise severity and location. Source of cattle was categorized. Distance from source to slaughter facility was determined. An ANCOVA was used to determine effects of variables on carcass bruises. RESULTS: Mature beef cows marketed through livestock auctions conducting first-point testing for brucellosis, especially when transported longer distances (> 325 km) to slaughter facilities, had a greater number and severity of carcass bruises than cows originating from ranches or livestock auctions not conducting first-point testing. There was an increase in number of rib bruises in cows originating from livestock auctions not conducting first-point testing. Prevalence and severity of bruises were not significantly affected by transportation distance between cows originating from auctions not conducting first-point testing and cows originating from ranches. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A strong association existed between handling for brucellosis testing prior to sale for slaughter and distance transported to slaughter facility with carcass bruises in mature beef cows. Bruises are major quality defects that decrease carcass value and slaughter-cow prices. Repeated handling and restraint as well as long-distance transport are issues to consider regarding the responsibility of the livestock industry to provide for the safety and well-being of cattle sold for slaughter.

Influence of the ovary on estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone release in postpartum milked and suckled Holstein cows.

Holstein cows were assigned at parturition to be milked (n = 10) or suckled by four calves each (n = 10). One-half of each group was ovariectomized bilaterally (ovex) at the end of wk 1 and the remaining one-half was ovariectomized unilaterally (intact) at the end of wk 2. Cows were challenged with 400 micrograms estradiol-17 beta (im) at the end of wk 1, 2, 3 and 4 (24 h after surgery) and blood was collected at 0, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 h after estradiol to determine luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration. Blood also was collected every 3 d until 6 wk to estimate ovulation in intact cows by monitoring serum progesterone concentration. Calves were weaned from suckled cows after the third blood collection period (wk 3). Total ovarian follicles (16.5 +/- 4 vs 34.2 +/- 4) and follicular fluid weight (.7 +/- .2 vs 1.4 +/- .2 g) were less (P less than .05) in suckled than in milked cows during wk 1, respectively. But the reverse trend appeared to occur during wk 2, although total ovarian follicles (26.4 +/- 6 vs 16.4 +/- 6) and follicular fluid weight (.9 +/- .3 vs .8 +/- .3 g) were similar in suckled and milked cows, respectively. Fewer suckled than milked cows responded to estradiol (LH concentration 1 SD above the average pre-estradiol LH concentration) at the end of wk 1 and 2 (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)