Impact of dentofacial deformity on the chance of being hired for a job.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of dentofacial deformity on an individual's chances of being hired for a hypothetical job involving customer service. Materials and methods: Face photographs (frontal and lateral) of 15 patients with moderate to severe dentofacial deformity, taken before and after orthodontic-surgical correction, were selected and randomized between two different questionnaires. In addition, five patients without dentofacial deformity were used as controls in both questionnaires. These questionnaires were taken by adults responsible for hiring personnel to work in commerce and business activities, graduates or postgraduates in business administration, with experience in recruiting and hiring personnel. The evaluation took place using a Likert scale with values ranging from 0 to 10 (in which 0 corresponded to complete disagreement and 10 to complete agreement), considering the following variables in a first impression judgment: honesty, intelligence, productivity at work, and hiring chance. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using a linear regression model for the explanatory variables that showed statistical significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Effect size through Cohen's d has been corrected for all comparisons performed. Results: All re-examined domains demonstrated statistical differences even when included in a multivariate model (p < 0.05), with lower mean values for those requiring pre-treatment (presenting deformity), although the effect size was small for all comparisons. Conclusion: Dentofacial deformity influenced the hiring chance, although not appearing to be a preponderant factor for hiring, acting as a tiebreaker among the candidates adopted.

Temporomandibular disorder in construction workers associated with ANKK1 and DRD2 genes

Abstract The study aimed to explore the influence of genetic polymorphisms in ANKK1 and DRD2 on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in construction workers. This cross-sectional study included only male subjects. All construction workers were healthy and over 18 years age. Illiterate workers and functionally illiterate workers were excluded. The diagnosis of TMD was established according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Genomic DNA was used to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms ANKK1 (rs1800497) and DRD2 (rs6275; rs6276) using Real-Time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate genotypes and allele distribution among the studied phenotypes. The established alpha of this study was 5%. The sample included a total of 115 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 70 years (mean age 38.2; standard deviation 11.7). Chronic pain (87.7%), disc displacement (38.2%), and joint inflammation (26.9%) were the most frequently observed signs and symptoms. The genetic polymorphism rs6276 in DRD2 was associated with chronic pain (p=0.033). In conclusion, our study suggests that genetic polymorphisms in DRD2 and ANKK1 may influence TMD signs and symptoms in a group of male construction workers.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi explorar a influência de polimorfismos genéticos em ANKK1 e DRD2 sobre os sinais e sintomas da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em trabalhadores da construção civil. Este estudo transversal incluiu apenas indivíduos do sexo masculino. Todos os trabalhadores da construção civil eram saudáveis ​​e maiores de 18 anos. Foram excluídos os trabalhadores analfabetos e analfabetos funcionais. O diagnóstico de DTM foi estabelecido de acordo com o Research Diagnostic Criteria para DTM (RDC/TMD). O DNA genômico foi usado para avaliar os polimorfismos genéticos ANKK1 (rs1800497) e DRD2 (rs6275; rs6276) usando PCR em tempo real. Testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher foram utilizados para avaliar genótipos e distribuição de alelos entre os fenótipos estudados. O alfa estabelecido deste estudo foi de 5%. A amostra incluiu um total de 115 pacientes. A idade dos pacientes variou de 19 a 70 anos (média de idade 38,2; desvio padrão 11,7). Dor crônica (87,7%), deslocamento de disco (38,2%) e inflamação articular (26,9%) foram os sinais e sintomas mais observados. O polimorfismo genético rs6276 em DRD2 foi associado a dor crônica (p=0,033). Em conclusão, nosso estudo sugere que polimorfismos genéticos em DRD2 e ANKK1 podem influenciar sinais e sintomas de DTM em um grupo de trabalhadores da construção civil do sexo masculino.

Psychosocial changes in patients submitted to orthodontic surgery treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to answer the following question: What is the psychological impact of orthognathic surgery on patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment? MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was adapted for each of the following databases: American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Embase, Psychinfo, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, and gray literature using Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist. This study performed estimates of interest, random-effects meta-analyses, and calculated heterogeneity using Higgins inconsistency index (I2). RESULTS: A total of 6751 references were found in all searches. After applying the eligibility criteria after full-text reading, 37 studies comprised the final qualitative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included in quantitative synthesis, and it was possible to meta-analyze data from the following questionnaires: GHQ-28, MMPI, RSES, and SCL-90-R. There was an improvement in psychological aspects related to depression, hysteria, self-esteem, anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideas, and psychoticism (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Correction of dentofacial deformity through orthodontic-surgical treatment is associated with improvements observed in several psychological domains, especially in relation to depressive states. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This result highlights the importance of surgeons and orthodontists in promoting adequate control of patients' expectations and treatment goals taking into account the individual's psychological aspects.

Effect of the patient-centered care model on health professional satisfaction: a systematic review / Efecto del modelo de atención centrada en el paciente en la satisfacción de los profesionales de la salud: una revisión sistemática / Efeito do modelo de Cuidado Centrado no Paciente na satisfação do profissional de saúde: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the effect of the Patient-Centered Care model on the satisfaction of health professionals, nurses, speech therapists or dentists, who care for hospitalized adults. Method Systematic Review conducted from October/2020 to March/2021 at PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases. Observational and interventional studies were included, relating the effect of Patient-Centered Care on the satisfaction of professionals. The Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument tools assessed the methodological quality of the studies. Results The effect of patient-centered care on job satisfaction was not identified in speech therapists or dentists. Nine selected articles relate it to nurses. Predictors of satisfaction pointed to factors related to interpersonal relationships, patient care and work organization. Conclusion The Patient-Centered Care model can be a facilitating strategy for nurses' job satisfaction. However, the current scientific literature still needs further studies to strengthen existing evidence.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar el efecto del modelo de Atención Centrada en el Paciente sobre la satisfacción de los profesionales de la salud enfermeras, audiólogos o dentistas, que atienden a adultos hospitalizados. Método Revisión sistemática realizada de octubre/2020 a marzo/2021, en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science y LILACS. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales e intervencionistas, relacionando el efecto de la Atención Centrada en el Paciente sobre la satisfacción profesional. La Herramienta de colaboración Cochrane y el Instrumento de Revisión y Metanálisis de Estadísticas evaluaron la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados El efecto de la atención centrada en el paciente sobre la satisfacción profesional no se identificó en audiólogos ni en dentistas. Nueve artículos seleccionados lo relacionan con las enfermeras. Los predictores de satisfacción apuntaron a factores relacionados con las relaciones interpersonales, la atención al paciente y la organización del trabajo. Conclusión El modelo de Atención Centrada en el Paciente puede ser una estrategia facilitadora para la satisfacción de las enfermeras en el trabajo. Sin embargo, la literatura científica actual aún necesita más estudios para fortalecer la evidencia existente.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o efeito do modelo de Cuidado Centrado no Paciente na satisfação de profissionais de saúde enfermeiros, fonoaudiólogos ou odontólogos, que atendem adultos hospitalizados. Método Revisão Sistemática realizada de outubro/2020 a março/2021, nas bases PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science e LILACS. Incluídos estudos observacionais e intervencionais, relacionando o efeito do Cuidado Centrado no Paciente na satisfação dos profissionais. As ferramentas Cochrane Collaboration Tool e Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument avaliaram a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Resultados O efeito do cuidado centrado no paciente na satisfação profissional não foi identificado em fonoaudiólogos ou odontólogos. Nove artigos selecionados o relacionam aos enfermeiros. Os preditores de satisfação apontaram para fatores relacionados às relações interpessoais, cuidados para o paciente e organização no trabalho. Conclusão O modelo do Cuidado Centrado no Paciente pode constituir estratégia facilitadora para a satisfação no trabalho do enfermeiro. Contudo a atual literatura científica ainda necessita de mais estudos para fortalecer a evidência existente.

Association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aims to answer the following focus question: "Is there an association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions?". Methods: Appropriate word combinations were chosen and tailored specifically for each of the following electronic databases: EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature, without any restrictions, up to February 2021. According to the selection criteria, only cross-sectional studies were included. The following inclusion criteria were considered: a sample composed of children, adolescents, and adults; patients clinically diagnosed with atypical swallowing; patients with normal swallowing; and outcome of interest of atypical swallowing in patients with malocclusion. The data consisted of study characteristics, sample characteristics, results, and conclusion of each study. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: 4,750 articles were identified. After a two-step selection, four studies were included. A higher frequency of distal occlusion, extreme maxillary overhang, and open bite was related to swallowing disorders; most studies pointed to posterior crossbite as a malocclusion more associated with atypical swallowing. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusion: The results indicate that atypical swallowing is associated with malocclusions and that posterior crossbite is the main malocclusion found, but only in the young population (3-11 years). Registration: PROSPERO (42020215203).

RESUMO Objetivo: A presente revisão sistemática tem como objetivo responder à seguinte questão focal: "Existe associação entre deglutição atípica e más oclusões?". Métodos: Combinações de palavras e truncamentos apropriados foram adaptados para as bases de dados eletrônicas: EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science e a literatura cinzenta, sem qualquer restrição, até fevereiro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos transversais; amostra composta por crianças, adolescentes e adultos; pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de deglutição atípica; pacientes com deglutição normal, e o desfecho de interesse foi deglutição atípica em pacientes com má oclusão. Os dados extraídos de cada estudo foram características do estudo, da amostra e a conclusão. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a Lista de verificação de avaliação crítica da JBI para estudos transversais analíticos, e a certeza das evidências foi avaliada usando a ferramenta GRADE. Resultados: Foram identificados 4.750 artigos. Após uma seleção em duas fases, quatro estudos foram incluídos. Maior frequência de disto-oclusão, protuberância maxilar extrema e mordida aberta foram relacionadas a distúrbios da deglutição, com a maioria dos estudos apontando para mordida cruzada posterior como a má oclusão mais associada à deglutição atípica. Todos os estudos tiveram um risco de viés moderado a alto, e a certeza das evidências foi considerada muito baixa. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a deglutição atípica está associada à mordida cruzada posterior apenas na população jovem de 3 a 11 anos.

Deglutition assessment instruments used in critical patients submitted to orotracheal extubation: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Purpose: to map, through a literature survey, which instruments are used to assess swallowing in patients after orotracheal extubation. Methods: available evidence was mapped through six electronic databases and gray literature. There were no restrictions regarding gender, ethnicity of the individuals, language of the studies, time of publication, and diagnosis. Results: the most mentioned protocol in the studies was the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol and the most cited objective assessment exam was the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Conclusion: there is a need for a specific protocol to evaluate this profile of patients, in addition to comparative studies of subjective clinical evaluation and instrumental imaging.

Impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on quality of life: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Orthognathic surgery involves a change in the patient's functional and aesthetic aspects. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to answer the following focused question: what is the impact on quality of life (QoL; aesthetic, function, social, and psychological aspects) in patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment? SEARCH METHODS: Appropriate word combinations and truncations were selected and tailored specifically for each electronic database: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and gray literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies that met the following criteria was included: patients with dentofacial deformity (P); surgical correction through orthodontic-surgical treatment (E/I); before orthodontic-surgical treatment or patients with no dentofacial deformity (C); QoL (O); cross-sectional, cohort, case-control and randomized or non-randomized clinical trial (S). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In phase 1, two reviewers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of all references. All articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In phase 2, the same reviewers completely read the selected articles independently. RESULTS: A total of 2879 articles were retrieved during the final database search. Fifty-two articles were selected for full reading, of which 16 were excluded, resulting in 36 included articles. The meta-analysis was performed using 13 of the selected studies. When comparing the period before any treatment with the post-operative period of 4-8 weeks, there was an association only for facial aesthetics (mean difference = 3.00; 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.10-4.89; inconsistency index = 63 per cent). The comparison between the period before any treatment with the 6 month post-operative period showed an improved QoL in all of the domains evaluated and, when comparing data after the orthodontic-surgical preparation (before surgery) and after 5-12 months of surgery, there was also statistical significance with an increased QoL for all of the domains evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, the evidence suggests an improvement in the QoL of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment regarding aesthetic, functional, social, and psychological aspects. REGISTRATION: CRD42017069495.

Prevalence of otological symptoms and parafunctional habits in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction / Prevalência de sintomas otológicos e hábitos parafuncionais em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the relationship between otological symptoms and parafunctional habits in individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Methods: evaluations were based on the clinical records of 768 patients treated at a temporomandibular joint diagnostic center from 2010 to 2016. The inclusion criteria were completely filled out charts of adult patients (> 18 years of age) and the final sample comprised 516 clinical records. The presence/absence of parafunctional habits and otological symptoms (tinnitus, hearing impairment, dizziness, the sensation of plugged ears and imbalance) was recorded. Results: statistically significant associations were found between otological symptoms and both sex and the presence of parafunctional habits, as otological symptoms were more prevalent among women and individuals with at least one parafunctional habit. Conclusion: in the present sample, otological symptoms were positively associated with parafunctional habits in individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de sintomas otológicos e hábitos parafuncionais em pacientes com Disfunção Temporomandibular. Métodos: foram analisados 768 prontuários clínicos de pacientes atendidos em um Centro de Diagnóstico da Articulação Tempormandibular do ano de 2010 a 2016, sendo o critério de inclusão os prontuários preenchidos de forma completa e de pacientes maiores de 18 anos. Foram excluídos 252 prontuários que não estavam preenchidos de maneira completa ou que o paciente tinha idade inferior a 18 anos, identificando uma amostra final de 516 prontuários. Foram anotados a presença ou não dos hábitos parafuncionais e de sintomas otológicos (zumbido, surdez, tontura, sensação de ouvido tampado e desequilíbrio). Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significante na prevalência de sintomas otológicos relacionados ao sexo e a presença de hábitos parafuncionais, sendo que a referência de sintomas otológicos foi mais prevalente nas mulheres e naqueles com a presença de pelo menos um hábito parafuncional. Conclusão: foi observada uma relação positiva entre os sintomas otológicos e os hábitos parafuncionais em pacientes com DTM's.

Diagnostic validity of methods for assessment of swallowing sounds: a systematic review / Validade diagnóstica dos métodos de avaliação dos sons de deglutição: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a highly prevalent comorbidity in neurological patients and presents a serious health threat, which may lead to outcomes of aspiration pneumonia, ranging from hospitalization to death. This assessment proposes a non-invasive, acoustic-based method to differentiate between individuals with and without signals of penetration and aspiration. Objective: This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic validity of different methods for assessment of swallowing sounds, when compared to videofluroscopy swallowing study to detect oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods: Articles in which the primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of swallowing sounds were searched in five electronic databases with no language or time limitations. Accuracy measurements described in the studies were transformed to construct receiver operating characteristic curves and forest plots with the aid of Review Manager v. 5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results: The final electronic search revealed 554 records, however only 3 studies met the inclusion criteria. The accuracy values (area under the curve) were 0.94 for microphone, 0.80 for doppler, and 0.60 for stethoscope. Conclusion: Based on limited evidence and low methodological quality because few studies were included, with a small sample size, from all index testes found for this systematic review, doppler showed excellent diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of swallowing sounds, whereas microphone-reported good accuracy discrimination of swallowing sounds of dysphagic patients and stethoscope showed best screening test.

Resumo Introdução: A disfagia orofaríngea é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente em pacientes neurológicos e representa uma séria ameaça à saúde, pode levar a desfechos como pneumonia por aspiração, hospitalização e até morte. A avaliação propõe um método não invasivo, acústico, para diferenciar entre indivíduos com e sem sinais de penetração e aspiração. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática analisou a validade diagnóstica de diferentes métodos para avaliação dos sons de deglutição, quando comparados com a videofluoroscopia da deglutição para detectar disfagia orofaríngea. Método: Artigos nos quais o objetivo principal era avaliar a acurácia dos sons de deglutição foram pesquisados em cinco bancos de dados eletrônicos sem limitações de idioma ou tempo de publicação. As medidas de acurácia descritas nos estudos foram transformadas para construir curvas ROC (Receptor Operating Characteristic) e gráfico em floresta (forest plot) com o auxílio do software Review Manager v. 5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Dinamarca). A metodologia dos estudos selecionados foi avaliada com a ferramenta Avaliação da Qualidade de Estudos de Acurácia de Testes Diagnósticos-2. Resultados: A busca eletrônica final resultou na identificação de 554 artigos; no entanto, apenas três estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os valores de acurácia (área abaixo da curva) foram 0,94 para microfone, 0,80 para doppler e 0,60 para estetoscópio. Conclusão: Baseado nas evidências limitadas e da baixa qualidade metodológica, pois foram poucos os estudos incluídos, e com pequeno tamanho amostral, de todos os testes diagnósticos (index testes) encontrados para essa revisão sistemática o doppler mostrou excelente acurácia diagnóstica na discriminação dos sons de deglutição, o microfone demonstrou uma boa acurácia na discriminação dos sons de pacientes disfágicos e o estetoscópio revelou o melhor teste de triagem.

Diagnostic validity of clinical protocols to assess temporomandibular disk displacement disorders: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic validity of clinical examination protocols compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults with temporomandibular joint disk displacement disorders. STUDY DESIGN: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was undertaken using a selection process in 2 phases; 283 different references were identified, and 10 articles were included for qualitative analysis and 7 for meta-analysis. Temporomandibular joint disorders were assessed through clinical diagnosis protocols with the aid of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, or Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The authors searched the following electronic databases: Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Additional search of gray literature was performed. Selected studies were evaluated by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Two subgroups were analyzed: Disk displacement with reduction (DDwR) and disk displacement without reduction (DDwoR). RESULTS: The validity of clinical protocols compared with MRI performed in studies evaluating only DDwR presented sensitivity of 44% (39%-49%) and specificity 51% (46%-57%). In studies evaluating only DDwoR, sensitivity was 22% (16%-30%) and specificity 93% (85%-98%). The area under the curve value for validity of clinical protocols in all studies was 0.63, 0.56 for studies evaluating DDwR and 0.64 for studies evaluating DDwoR. Area under the curve values were considered poor. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical examination protocols have poor validity to diagnose DDwR and DDwoR compared with MRI. MRI should be used to increase the diagnostic accuracy when the information provided can influence clinical decisions.

Linguagem e envelhecimento: práticas de escrita autobiográfica junto a idosos / Language and aging: written autobiographical practices with elderly

RESUMO: O envelhecimento populacional está ocorrendo de forma acelerada em todo o mundo e o Brasil vem acompanhando essa tendência mundial. As políticas públicas brasileiras reconhecem que o crescimento da longevidade humana gera uma série de demandas para que seja oportunizado a toda população um envelhecimento com qualidade de vida e autonomia. A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar os efeitos que práticas de escrita autobiográfica desenvolvidas por sujeitos idosos podem gerar em sua autonomia e bem-estar. Participaram deste estudo cinco mulheres e três homens, com idades entre 60 e 87 anos. Trata-se de um relato de caso, cujos dados são analisados qualitativamente a partir da Análise do Conteúdo. O corpus de análise é composto por respostas elaboradas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Tal entrevista, focou-se em questões sobre as atividades de leitura e de escrita desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos antes e depois de terem participado de práticas significativas com a linguagem. A partir da análise das respostas, é possível afirmar que a escrita autobiográfica pode constituir-se numa prática efetiva de letramento, capaz de proporcionar bem-estar, autoestima, realização pessoal, imortalização de experiências e relatos pessoais, resgate de lembranças e promoção de atitudes de cidadania. Esse estudo de caso indica que um trabalho fonoaudiológico voltado ao incremento de práticas de letramento junto a pessoas idosas atende a princípios e propostas das políticas públicas saudáveis voltadas à população que envelhece, pois promove autonomia e participação dos idosos na comunidade, ampliando suas possibilidades de vivenciar um envelhecimento saudável e bem-sucedido.

ABSTRACT: The population is aging at an accelerated rate around the world, and Brazil has been following this global trend. Brazilian public policies recognize that the growth in human longevity generates a series of demands for the entire population to age with quality of life and autonomy. This study aims to analyze the effects of written autobiographical practices developed by elderly subjects in generating individual autonomy and well-being. The study included five women and three men, between 60 and 87 years of age. This is a case report, with qualitatively analyzed data. The body of analysis consists of fragments of answers recurrently given by the research subjects in a semi-structured interview. This interview focused on questions about the activities of reading and writing developed by the subjects before and after they participated in meaningful practice with the language. From the analysis of the responses provided, it is possible to say that autobiographical writing can constitute an effective literacy practice, able to provide well-being, self-esteem, personal fulfillment, immortalization of experiences and personal stories, memories, and redemption of promoting attitudes of citizenship. Thus, this case study indicates that speech therapy focused on the increase of literacy practices with the elderly can meet the principles and proposals of healthy public policies geared towards the aging population, promoting autonomy and active participation of older people in the community, as well as increasing their chances of experiencing a healthy and successful aging process.

Analgesic effect of Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum for orofacial pain

To evaluate in vivo the association of hypericum Hypericum perforatum, valerian Valeriana officinalis and kava Piper methysticum with analgesia by assessing their effects in reducing orofacial pain as well as the possible hepatic, hematologic and biochemical alterations induced by regular administration of these extracts. METHODS: Orofacial pain was induced in mice with the administration of 2.5% formalin in the upper lip. After 60 min, the animals were treated with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic plant extracts. The nociceptive intensity was determined by the timing at which the animal remained rubbing the injected area. To assess the hepatotoxic effect, mice were chronically treated for 25 days with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic extract. The animals were euthanized and the liver weighed, followed by a differential count of leukocytes and measurement of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS: The evaluation of analgesic activity in phase 1 reduced the time of rubbing compared to the control by 86% 0.05 mL/10 g and 76% 0.10 mL/10 g. In phase 2, the extracts reduced rubbing time by 94% and 85%, respectively. In the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase, the groups treated with extracts at doses of 0.05 mL/10 g and 0.1 mL/10 g increased by 16.1% and 9.5% compared to the control group and a reduction of 8.5% and 9.1% in the evaluation of alanine transaminase respectively. It was demonstrated that in the differential counts showed an increase in eosinophils in the treated group with 0.05 mL/10 g. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hydroalcoholic extract of the associated plants reduced the orofacial formalin-induced pain with better results than carbamazepine, at both the neural conductor level of pain phase 1 and in inflammatory or later pain phase 2 without presenting hepatotoxicity. The observed eosinophilia is suggestive of a phenomenon called hormesis...

Saliva cortisol levels and depression in individuals with temporomandibular disorder: preliminary study / Níveis de cortisol salivar e depressão em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular: estudo preliminar

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorders are common in general population and their etiology is also linked to psychological factors. Cortisol is a hormone the secretion of which may be increased during emotional changes. This study aimed at evaluating the presence of depression and saliva cortisol levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders. METHODS: Participated in the research 48 students, being 36 females and 12 males, aged between 19 and 32 years. Participants were previously evaluated by means of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders questionnaire and were classified in two groups: with temporomandibular disorders and without temporomandibular disorders. To establish the presence of depression the Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised test was applied. Saliva was collected between 9:00 a.m. and 9:25 a.m. and saliva cortisol levels were analyzed by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised has suggested that 64% of patients with temporomandibular disorder were depressed as compared to 43% of individuals without temporomandibular disorder. Saliva cortisol level was 0.272µg/dL for the temporomandibular disorder group and of 0,395µg/dL for the group without temporomandibular disorder, with no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the study, it was possible to conclude that there is no association among saliva cortisol levels, depression and the presence of temporomandibular disorders...

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As disfunções temporomandibulares são comuns na população em geral e sua etiologia também se apresenta ligada a fatores psicológicos. O cortisol é um hormônio cuja secreção pode apresentar-se aumentada diante de alterações emocionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de depressão e os níveis salivares de cortisol em pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares. MÉTODOS: Participaram desta pesquisa 48 alunos, sendo 36 mulheres e 12 homens, com idades entre 19 e 32 anos. Os participantes foram previamente avaliados por meio do questionário Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders e foram classificados em dois grupos: com disfunções temporomandibulares e sem disfunções temporomandibulares. Para determinar a presença de depressão foi utilizado o teste Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised. A coleta da saliva foi realizada entre as 9h00 e 9h25 da manhã e os niveis de cortisol salivar analisados mediante espectrofotometria. RESULTADOS: A escala Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised sugeriu que 64% dos pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares apresentaram-se deprimidos em comparação com 43% dos indivíduos do grupo sem disfunção temporomandibular. O nível de cortisol salivar foi de 0,272µg/dL para o grupo com disfunções temporomandibulares e de 0,395µg/dL para o grupo sem disfunção temporomandibular não havendo diferença estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Dentro dos limites do estudo, pode-se concluir que não há associação entre os níveis de cortisol salivar, depressão e a presença de disfunções temporomandibulares...

Chronic pain related to quality of sleep / Dor crônica relacionada à qualidade do sono

Objective To determine the relation between the degrees of chronic pain and drowsiness levels. Methods The study was conducted with 115 patients, who answered the questionnaire as diagnostic criteria in the survey. After evaluation based on the protocol of chronic pain registry RDC/TMD− Axis II, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was applied to assess drowsiness levels. Results Among the participating patients, there were more females (80%), and the type of pain more prevalent was chronic (70.4%). Concerning the grades of chronic pain, grade II predominated (38.3%), corresponding to high pain intensity and low disability. The ratio observed for levels of sleepiness was more prevalent for sleep debt average (38.3%). Conclusion The grades of chronic pain and the levels of sleepiness did not correlate with each other or with the gender of patients. .

Objetivo Determinar a relação entre os graus de dor crônica e os níveis de sonolência. Métodos Participaram 115 pacientes que responderam ao questionário usado como critério diagnóstico na pesquisa. Após avaliação segundo protocolo de registro de dor crônica RDC/TMD − Eixo II, aplicou-se a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth para verificar os níveis de sonolência. Resultados Dentre os pacientes participantes havia mais mulheres (80%) e o tipo de dor mais prevalente era crônica (70,4%). Na relação dos graus de dor crônica, predominou o grau II (38,3%), correspondente à alta intensidade de dor e baixa incapacidade. A proporção observada para os níveis de sonolência mostrou maior prevalência para o débito de sono médio (38,3%). Conclusão Os graus de dor crônica e níveis de sonolência não apresentam correlação entre si, nem com o gênero dos pacientes. .

Estudo da assimetria do processo coronoide por meio de radiografias panorâmicas / The study of the assymetry of coronoid process through panoramic radiographs

Este trabalho descritivo tem como objetivo avaliar possíveis associações entre graus de assimetria dos processos coronoides por meio de radiografias panorâmicas de 68 indivíduos, com idades variando entre 18 e 36 anos, divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo I foi formado por 34 indivíduos (25 mulheres e 9 homens) que não apresentavam qualquer sintomatologia dolorosa na face ou limitação dos movimentos mandibulares. O Grupo II foi composto por 34 indivíduos (21 mulheres e 13 homens) os quais relataram a presença de alterações na cinética mandibular. A análise anatômica das radiografias panorâmicas foi realizada bilateralmente e iniciou-se com a definição dos pontos Co, Kr e In. Os valores de área combinada encontrados foram 284,29mm2 e 236,04mm2 em indivíduos sintomáticos e assintomáticos, respectivamente. Portanto, a área em pacientes sintomáticos foi 21% maior quando comparada à área encontrada nos pacientes assintomáticos. Com relação ao grupo amostral, o gênero feminino foi predominante com 65% da amostra e 34% dos indivíduos tinham idade entre 28 e 31 anos. Os indivíduos assintomáticos apresentaram diferenças morfológicas em relação aos indivíduos assintomáticos, mas serão necessários mais estudos que confirmem se essas variações são significativas estatisticamente e, ainda, quais sejam os possíveis agentes causais dessas condições.

The present study aimed to assess degrees of asymmetry on coronoid processes through the analysis of panoramic radiographs of 68 subjects age between 18 and 36 years divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 34 subjects (25 women and 9 men) with no complaints of facial pain, limitation of mandibular movements and/or joint noise. Group II was composed of 34 subjects (21 women and 13 men) who reported the presence of mandibular kinetic changes. The panoramic analysis was performed bilaterally and started with the definition of the points Co (condilar), Kr (coronoid process) and In (sigmoid notch). The mean values for combined area were 284.29 mm2 and 236.04 mm2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, respectively. Therefore, the area in symptomatic patients was 21% larger when compared to the area found in asymptomatic subjects. The sample group was composed in 65% by females, and 34% had age between 28 and 31 years. Symptomatic individuals showed morphological differences compared to asymptomatic individuals. However further studies are required to confirm if these changes are statistically significant as well as to determine possible causative agents.

Harmonização do sorriso com dois diferentes sistemascerâmicos: relato de caso clínico / Harmonization of the smile with two different ceramic systems: case report

Diante de uma cultura que valoriza a estética,pesquisadores e fabricantes têm explorado o potencialde materiais totalmente cerâmicos pararestabelecer harmonia estética e funcional do sorriso.As facetas laminadas em porcelana são umdos métodos estéticos restauradores mais indicadospara região anterior, sendo indicadas paracorrigir discrepâncias de tamanho, forma, cor eposição dos dentes. Requerem preparos dentaismais conservadores em relação às coroas totais,sendo mais efetivas em termos estéticos, de durabilidadee de função. O objetivo deste trabalhofoi descrever um caso clínico do restabelecimentoestético e funcional de dentes anteriores, restauradoscom dois diferentes sistemas cerâmicos.Conclui-se que para o sucesso desta modalidaderestauradora, planejamento, habilidade e conhecimentodas técnicas, materiais e métodos, sãoimprescindíveis.

Faced with a culture that values aesthetics,researchers and manufacturers have exploredthe full potential of ceramic materials to restorefunctional and aesthetic harmony ofthe smile. Porcelain veneers are one of themethods most suitable for restorative estheticanterior region, indicated to correct discrepanciesin size, shape, color and position ofteeth. They require more conservative dentalpreparations when compared to crownsand are more effective in terms of aesthetics,durability and function. The objective ofthis study was to describe a clinical case offunctional and aesthetic restoration of anteriorteeth, restored with different ceramicsystems. It concludes that for the success ofthis restoration method, planning, skill andknowledge of techniques, materials andmethods are essential.

Ocorrência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular em músicos / Occurrence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in musicians

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular em grupos de músicos profissionais, intérpretes de instrumentos de sopro e de cordas. MÉTODOS: Participaram 92 músicos, com idades entre 18 e 58 anos. Foram entrevistados 70 músicos intérpretes de instrumentos de sopro (76,08 por cento) e 22 músicos intérpretes de instrumentos de cordas (23,91 por cento) pertencentes à Orquestra Sinfônica do Paraná, à Banda da Polícia Militar do Paraná ou à Banda do Exército. Foi realizada entrevista que constou de questões referentes à identificação, tempo de prática do instrumento e presença de sinais, sintomas e hábitos relacionados às disfunções temporomandibulares. Comparou-se as respostas dos músicos por meio do teste de diferença de proporções. RESULTADOS: Trinta e nove músicos (42,3 por cento) percebem que rangem e/ou apertam os dentes, 23 (25 por cento) reportaram sentir dor na articulação temporomandibular, 39 músicos (42 por cento) relataram escutar ruídos na articulação temporomandibular, 37 (40 por cento) sensação de plenitude auricular e 33 (35 por cento) presença de zumbido. Não houve diferença significativa entre os instrumentistas de sopro e de corda no que se refere à presença de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular. CONCLUSÃO: A somatória dos fatores apresentados coloca os praticantes de determinados instrumentos musicais como um grupo suscetível a apresentar sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular, incluindo sintomas auditivos, podendo tal prática ser considerada tanto um fator desencadeante, quanto um fator agravante ou perpetuador de um problema já existente.

PURPOSE: To verify the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in groups of professional musicians, interpreters of brass and string instruments. METHODS: Ninety two musicians, with ages varying from 18 to 58 years, participated on the study. Seventy musicians who played brass instruments (76.08 percent) and 22 musicians who played string instruments (23.91 percent) at the Symphonic Orchestra of Paraná, the Military Police Band or the Army Band were interviewed. The interview included questions regarding identification, time of practice, and presence of signs, symptoms and habits related to temporomandibular dysfunction. The answers were compared using the difference of proportions test. RESULTS: Thirty nine musicians (42.3 percent) noticed teeth grinding and/or teeth pressing, 23 (25 percent) reported to feel pain at the temporomandibular joint, 39 (42 percent) reported to hear noises at the temporomandibular joint, 37 (40 percent) reported sensation of auricular plenitude, and 33 (35 percent) presented tinnitus. No significant difference was found between brass and string players regarding the presence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. CONCLUSION: The sum of factors presented puts players of certain musical instruments as a group susceptible to present signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder, including auditory symptoms. Therefore, the practice of these instruments may be considered a trigger, as well as an aggravating or perpetuating factor of a previously existing problem.