RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in western industrialized countries. Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis and suffer many tumor-associated symptoms. Unfortunately, approximately 70% of patients with NSCLC present themselves with advanced poor-prognosis stage III and IV disease. In advanced disease, treatment is palliative and symptom-oriented. New less Adenotoxic drugs are urgently needed. One of the targets of new agents is the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1), and agents targeting this receptor include erlotinib, gefitinib and cetuximab. CLINICAL STUDIES: Erlotinib, gefitinib and cetuximab have been investigated in different clinical studies and provided objective responses and symptom relief. A benefit in survival could only be observed in second- and third-line therapy with erlotinib. All new agents have been generally well tolerated. Erlotinib was recently approved in the USA and Europe for second- and third-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. CONCLUSION: Anti-EGFR has shown promising antitumor activity in NSCLC with a mild toxicity profile. However, some clinical issues such as screening for potentially responsive patients and optimal combination with other drugs should be the aim of future studies.