Expression of Interleukin-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Patients with Chronic Peri-Implant Mucositis.

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate whether non-surgical treatment interferes with clinical parameters and local patterns of osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators (IL-17 and TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) that are found in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and biofilms during the progression of peri-implant mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected 30 patients with peri-implant caused mucositis before (MP) and after treatment (TP) and 30 healthy people (HP) for the analysis of IL-17, TNF-alpha cytokine, and MMP-8 production in PICF and for analysis of colonization dynamics of periodontopathogenic bacteria in supra- and subgingival plaque samples. The levels of IL-17 and MMP-8 concentrations in samples were assayed by enzymatic immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TNF-alpha levels were determined by enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) method in PICF. The micro-IDent test was used to detect 11 species of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm. RESULTS We found significantly (P<0.001) higher levels of IL-17, TNF-alpha, and MMP-8 in the PICF of the MP and TP groups in comparison to the HP group. A significant association was found in MP associated with Parvimonas micra, as TNF-alpha in PICF was significantly higher (P=0.034) than in patients without Parvimonas micra. TNF-alpha levels in the samples of PICF showed a moderate correlation with clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI) (P=0.007) and MMP-8 levels (P=0.001), in the MP group. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of levels of inflammatory cytokines in PICF can aid in the identification of peri-implant mucositis, which can assist in early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Three-dimensional analysis of dimensional changes after alveolar ridge preservation with bone substitutes or plasma rich in growth factors: Randomized and controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate alveolar ridge dimensional changes of different alveolar ridge preservation techniques after 3 months of tooth extraction and to compare the efficacy of autologous plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) to the bone substitutes in alveolar ridge preservation and sites left to heal spontaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients requiring tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla were randomly allocated to the four following treatment modalities: spontaneous healing (control), natural bovine bone mineral covered with resorbable native collagen membrane (BBM/CM), freeze-dried bone allograft covered with resorbable native collagen membrane (FDBA/CM) and PRGF alone. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken after surgery and 3 months later. The measurements of height and width (at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the crest) were performed after superimposing the 2 consecutive CBCT scans. RESULTS: The greatest horizontal alveolar bone resorption at 1 mm below bone crest was observed in the control group (-1.61 ± 1.76 mm, P = .037), whereas the least reduction in width was found in the BBM/CM group (-0.68 ± 0.67 mm, P = .037). The most pronounced alveolar height reduction was observed in the control group (-0.86 ± 0.43 mm), whereas alveolar ridge preservation with BBMC/CM (-0.26 ± 0.91 mm) and PRGF (-0.54 ± 0.86 mm) successfully reduced the alveolar height reduction as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar ridge preservation technique in the esthetic zone using BBM/CM or using PRGF is beneficial to reduce horizontal and vertical bone changes.

Bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects using PRGF and adipose-derived stem cells: histomorphometrical analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and to assess the influence of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on bone regeneration using ADSCs. Materials & methods: Bone defects were randomly allocated to the five treatment modalities: spontaneous healing, natural bovine bone mineral (BBM), BBM loaded with PRGF, BBM loaded with ADSCs and BBM loaded with a combination of ADSCs and PRGF. Results: The PRGF significantly enhanced the biomaterial-to-bone contact. Defects treated with ADSCs and PRGF or a combination of both showed the greatest bone regeneration. Conclusion: Combining PRGF and ADSCs boosts the bone graft regenerative potential at the earliest period of healing.

Morphological Classification of Extraction Sockets and Clinical Decision Tree for Socket Preservation/Augmentation after Tooth Extraction: a Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of present study was to review current literature concerning extraction socket classification immediately following tooth extraction and the rationales for socket preservation/augmentation procedures and with reference to it suggest novel clinical decision tree for extraction socket preservation/augmentation in aesthetic and non-aesthetic area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search protocol used the electronic MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 1 2009 and May 1 2019. The search included only human studies published in English. Outcomes were the indications and reasons for socket preservation/augmentation and classification of extraction sockets. RESULTS: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the study. Although there are various types of extraction socket classifications none of them could completely evaluate all morphological parameters of alveolar ridge. Furthermore, present study revealed that indications for extraction socket preservation/augmentation have wider spectrum than socket morphology and are related to surrounding tissue anatomy or dental implantation operation indications and timing. Based on currently proposed extraction socket classifications and rationales, a novel decision tree for extraction socket preservation/augmentation immediately after tooth extraction in aesthetic and non-aesthetic area was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: The need of extraction socket preservation/augmentation immediately after tooth extraction should be determined by the aesthetic, functional and risk-related viewpoint. A novel clinical decision tree for extraction socket preservation/augmentation immediately after tooth extraction in aesthetic and non-aesthetic zones can be useful tool in socket preservation/augmentation procedures.