Comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients with stage IA-IIA2 cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma after radical hysterectomy: A propensity score-matched real-world analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pathological findings and survival outcomes of patients with 2009 FIGO stage IA-IIA2 cervical cancer between groups with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using the Chinese Cervical Cancer Clinical (FOUR-C) study database. METHODS: Patients from 2004 to 2018 with cervical ADC and SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy were identified through the FOUR-C database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline clinicopathological characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic effect of ADC on the 5-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS: We identified 1611 (9.8%) patients with ADC and 14 894 (90.2%) patients with SCC. Compared with SCC, ADC was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.74) and disease progression (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.57). ADC had a greater propensity for lymph node metastasis, uterine corpus invasion, perineural invasion, and ovarian metastases than SCC (P < 0.05). After 1:2 PSM, significant differences were still observed between these two histology subtypes (OS: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.10-1.86; DFS: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19-1.76). The subgroup analysis further showed a worse prognosis for patients with ADC than for patients with SCC among patients with any of the high- or intermediate- risk factors (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.21-2.12), but no significant differences were observed for the patients with no risk factors (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.32-1.58). CONCLUSION: ADC is an independent prognostic factor for shorter survival in surgically treated patients with cervical cancer presenting intermediate- or high-risk factors but does not affect survival outcomes in patients without any risk factors.

Abdominal type B vs. type C radical hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: A matched single center cohort report.

Objective: To compare survival outcomes of type B radical hysterectomy (RH) and type C RH in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Methods: We retrospectively identified continuous cervical cancer patients with FIGO stage IA2-IB2 and IIA1 who underwent either type B RH (n = 278) or type C RH (n = 148) performed by the same group of surgeons between 2009 and 2018. Propensity score matching was carried out to minimize selection biases. Intraoperative photographs, immediate postoperative questionnaire and specimen measurements were used to accurately determine the extensive of surgery. We further narrowed the study population to patients with specific histological subtypes and patients with deep stromal invasion. Results: The median follow-up period was 42.41 ± 24.60 months. After adjusting, no differences in the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were found between the type B group and the type C group (OS: 87.8% vs. 89.4%, P = 0.814; DFS: 84.9% vs. 85.6%, P = 0.898). In further analysis of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, similar 5-year OS and DFS rates were found between two groups (OS: 88.7% vs. 97.1%, P = 0.250; DFS: 84.7% vs. 92.3%, P = 0.541). Consistent results were found in patients with deep stromal invasion (OS: 81.8% vs. 100%, P = 0.144; DFS: 82.8% vs. 100%, P = 0.128). Conclusions: Type B RH could be used to treat FIGO stage IA2-IB2 and IIA1 cervical cancer to get equivalent 5-year OS and DFS. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Tumor lesion detection in patients with cervical cancer by indocyanine green near-infrared imaging.

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging for detecting the extent of tumor invasion in cervical cancer using indocyanine green (ICG). METHODS: We enrolled 51 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer with FIGO stage IB1-IIA2 disease. Patients were administered indocyanine green (ICG) at a dose of 5 mg/kg 24 h prior to surgery. A customized near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system was used to identify the extent of tumor invasion when radical hysterectomy specimens were harvested. The relationship between tumor fluorescence intensity and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 enrolled patients, 3 patients did not have residual tumors after cervical conization, and tumor lesions were identified by NIRF imaging in all the remaining 48 patients. The results of NIRF imaging were in agreement with the postoperative pathological findings in 95.8% of the patients with stromal invasion, 100% of those with surgical margin invasion, 100% of those with parametrial tumor involvement, and 100% of patients with uterine corpus invasion. The mean signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the cervical tumors was 2.91 ± 1.64, and the SBR was independent of clinicopathological characteristics. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that ICG fluorescence was present in the tumor nests. CONCLUSIONS: NIRF imaging enables objective, accurate, and safe identification of tumor invasion during cervical cancer surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04224467.

Three-Dimensional in Vivo Anatomical Study of Female Iliac Vein Variations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate female iliac vein variations by using the computed tomography angiography (CTA) three-dimensional (3 D) reconstruction technique. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 1623 patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CTA scanning for gynecological diseases from December 2009 to December 2018. Accurate digital 3 D models of the iliac vein were constructed using Mimics 19.0 software and used to study the morphology and variations. Variations in the common iliac vein (CIV), external iliac vein (EIV) and internal iliac vein (IIV) were classified as type I, abnormal number of veins; type II, abnormal communicating branches; or type III, other variations. RESULTS: The overall variation rates of the iliac vein and CIV were 51.57% (837/1623) and 20.33% (330/1623), respectively. The main type of CIV variation was type II. The main type I CIV variation was the absence of the CIV (98.15%), which mostly occurred on the right side (64.81%, 35/54). Type II CIV variation was the most common, with abnormal communicating branches between the left CIV and right IIV (81.78%, 211/258). The overall variation rates of the EIV and IIV were 36.66% (595/1623) and 49.60% (805/1623), respectively, mainly on the right side. The main type of variation was type I. Among them, the division of the IIV into two branches plus convergence with the ipsilateral EIV was the most common (22.98%, 373/1623). CONCLUSION: In this study, approximately half of the patients had iliac vein variations. The preoperative identification of iliac vein variation may reduce vascular injury in pelvic surgery.

Discrepancies between clinical staging and surgicopathologic findings in early-stage cervical cancer and prognostic significance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate discrepancies between clinical staging and surgicopathologic findings in early-stage cervical cancer and explore the prognostic significance of these discrepancies. METHODS: A retrospective review of the clinical records of individuals with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent primary radical surgery in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, between 2007 and 2013. Discrepancies in clinical staging were investigated by using surgicopathologic findings as the reference. Individuals were classified according to the type of discrepancy. Kaplan-Meier plots were generated to explore the prognostic significance of stage discrepancies. RESULTS: Among 266 individuals included in the study, 182 (68.4%) were accurately staged, 58 (21.8%) were clinically over-staged, and 26 (9.8%) were clinically under-staged. More relapses (19.2% vs 4.9% vs 6.8%, P=0.027) and deaths (11.5% vs 2.2% vs 3.4%, P=0.048) were observed among those who were clinically under-staged than among those who were accurately or clinically over-staged. Clinical under-staging was associated with poorer disease-free survival (P=0.003) and poorer overall survival (P=0.020) over a median follow-up of 43.9 months. CONCLUSION: Significant discrepancies were found between clinical staging and surgicopathologic findings in early-stage cervical cancer. Stage discrepancies were found to have prognostic significance, with clinical under-staging identified as a potential adverse prognostic factor.

Neurovascular and lymphatic vessels distribution in uterine ligaments based on a 3D reconstruction of histological study: to determine the optimal plane for nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To present the distribution of neurovascular and lymphatic vessels in uterine ligaments using 3D models based on the pathological staining of serial 2D sections of postoperative specimens. METHODS: Serial transverse sections of fresh uterine ligaments from a patient with stage IB1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma were studied using the computer-assisted anatomic dissection (CAAD) technique. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Weigert elastic fibers, D2-40 and immunostainings (sheep anti-tyrosine hydroxylase and rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide). The sections were then digitalized, registered and reconstructed three-dimensionally. Then, the 3D models were analyzed and measured. RESULTS: The 3D models of the neurovascular and lymphatic vessels in uterine ligaments were created, depicting their precise location and distribution. The vessels were primarily located in the upper part of the ligaments model, while the pelvic autonomic nerves were primarily in the lower part; the lymphatic vessels were scattered in the uterine ligaments, without obvious regularity. CONCLUSION: CAAD is an effective anatomical method to study the precise distribution of neurovascular and lymphatic vessels in uterine ligaments. It can present detailed anatomical information about female pelvic autonomic innervation and the spatial relationship between nerves and vessels and may provide a better understanding of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy.

Outcomes in Adenomyosis Treated with Uterine Artery Embolization Are Associated with Lesion Vascularity: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 252 Cases.

PURPOSE: To study the therapeutic effects of uterine artery embolization (UAE) on adenomyosis and to investigate the association between uterine blood supply and artery embolization treatment outcomes. METHODS: Using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging data, we retrospectively evaluated the vascular features of 252 adenomyosis patients treated with UAE. The cases were classified based on the equality of uterine blood supply (equal and unequal subgroups) and the degree of vascularity at the adenomyosis lesion site (hypervascular, isovascular and hypovascular subgroups). Patients were followed-up for 5 years after UAE. Improvements in dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were evaluated based on the relief of the patients' symptoms. The improvement rates among the different subgroups were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The improvement rates of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were 74.0% and 70.9%, respectively, at the short-term (12-month) follow-up and 70.4% and 68.8%, respectively, at the long-term (5-year) follow-up. No statistically significant differences were observed in the improvement rates for dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia between the equal and unequal blood supply subgroups at either the short- or long-term follow-up. The improvement rates for dysmenorrhea among the hypervascular, isovascular and hypovascular subgroups were 86.5%, 71.8% and 58.8%, respectively, at the short-term follow-up (p = 0.002) and 83.6%, 67.3% and 52.8%, respectively, at the long-term follow-up (p = 0.005). The improvement rates for menorrhagia in the hypervascular, isovascular and hypovascular subgroups were 81.0%, 68.3% and 60.7%, respectively, at the short-term follow-up (p = 0.024) and 79.4%, 61.4% and 62.2%, respectively, at the long-term follow-up (p = 0.052). CONCLUSION: UAE is effective in treating patients with adenomyosis in both the short and long term. The outcomes of patients with adenomyosis were significantly correlated with lesion vascularity.

[Role of hydatidiform mole-related gene F10 in the tumorigenicity of choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the hydatidiform mole-related gene F10 in the tumorigenicity of choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 in nude mice. METHODS: Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell lines with stable F10 gene over-expression and F10 gene silencing were established using cell transfection and RNA interference techniques, respectively. Thirty SPF nude mice (4-5 weeks old) were equally randomized into F10 over-expression group, control group, and F10 gene-silenced group for subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml cell suspension (5 × 107 cells) of F10 gene over-expressing JEG-3 cells, non-treated JEG-3 cells, and F10 gene-silenced JEG-3 cells, respectively. The mice were observed and weighed every 3-4 days, and the tumor formation time was recorded to draw the tumor growth curve and calculate the tumor formation rate. RESULTS: The tumor formation rates were 100% in all the 3 groups. No significant difference was found in the tumor formation time among the F10 over-expression, F10-silenced and control groups (6.2 ± 0.78 vs 7 ± 2.49 vs 6.3 ± 0.67 days; F=0.781, P=0.468). A significantly greater tumor growth rate was noted in the F10 over-expression group compared with the other two groups (P<0.05), and the growth rate was significantly slower in F10-silenced group than in the control group (P<0.05). The subcutaneous tumor weight at 5 weeks after JEG-3 cell injection differed significantly among F10 over-expression, F10-silenced and control groups (571.1 ± 221.10 vs 136.2 ± 66.25 vs 354.5 ± 116.23 mg; F=21.199, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: F10 gene plays a role in the regulation of choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell proliferation and might enhance its tumorigenicity in nude mice.

[Study of integrated state of HPV-16 infection in cervical cancer and precancerous tissues].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of physical state of HPV-16 DNA in cervical cancer and cervical precancerous carcinoma. METHODS: Multiplex PCR was adopted to detect the physical state of HPV in samples from 252 patients with cervical carcinoma, including 48 samples of cervical cancer, 204 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN ) (125 CIN I, 46 CIN II and 33 CIN III) and 20 normal samples from the subjects with hysteromyoma undergoing hysterectomy, respectively. RESULTS: Among 48 patients with cervical cancer, 31 (65.6%) were infected with HPV-16. Eighteen among 31 (58.1%) HPV-16 infected patients with cervical cancer were found to have integrated infection of HPV-16. The positive rates of HPV-16 infection in the patients with CIN I, CIN II and CIN III were 19.2%, 34.8% and 42.4%, and the integrated infection rates of HPV-16 were 16.7%, 18.8% and 35.7%, respectively. Compared with patients with different grades of CIN, the integrated rate of HPV-16 infection in those with cervical cancer was significantly elevated. CONCLUSION: Among the patients with HPV-16 infection, the integrated state of HPV-16 is positively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions. Combined HPV typing test and detection of integrated viral state contribute to predicting the prognosis of patients with cervical precancerous lesions and increasing the accuracy of screening cervical cancer on the basis of HPV DNA detection.

The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in different histological types of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is different among cervical cancer types, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-SCC, including adenocarcinoma of the cervix (ACC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). METHODS: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Springerlink and CNKI for studies published between Jan 1987 and Sep 2012 and evaluated the studies published in English and Chinese on NACT and cervical carcinoma based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Because there was a relative lack of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we included 2 RCTs and 9 observational studies in our analysis. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate the efficacy of NACT in different histological types of cervical cancer with 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Begg's adjusted rank correlation test and Egger's regression asymmetry tests. RESULTS: As many as 11 articles, 2 RCTs and 9 observational studies, were selected according to the eligibility criteria for a total of 1559 participants. For the short-term efficacy of NACT, either in terms of CR+PR or CR only, there was no difference between SCC and non-SCC when the data were pooled (P>0.05) in stratified studies based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P>0.05) or histological type (P>0.05) or in observational studies (P>0.05). Nevertheless, SCC was associated with a higher short-term response rate than non-SCC in RCTs [6.57 (95%CI 1.72-25.12) in CR+PR]. For the long-term outcome of NACT, patients with SCC experienced a significant 5-year overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) when compared to patients with non-SCC in pooled [1.47 (95%CI 1.06-2.06)] and observational studies [1.96 (95%CI 1.61-2.38)] other than RCTs (P>0.05). Moreover, this difference was especially obvious when the subgroup analysis was restricted to patients in stages above IIB [2.06 (95%CI 1.79-2.36)] rather than in stages IB-IIB [1.33 (95%CI 0.99-1.79)]. CONCLUSION: Although no significant differences exist in the short-term efficacy of NACT, the histological type may be used to predict the long-term efficacy of NACT in patients with cervical cancer, especially those with FIGO stages above IIB.

Neurovascular quantitative study of the uterosacral ligament related to nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of autonomic nerves and blood and lymphatic vessels in the uterosacral ligament, elucidate detailed anatomy at a surgical level and provide pathobiological evidence for improvement of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Surgical samples were collected from 15 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer (FIGO Ib1-IIa). Twenty-nine fresh specimens were divided into cervical, intermediate and sacral sections, and then subdivided into superficial and deep portions from the middle: the medial surface and lateral surface were also subdivided in order to analyze lymphatic vessels. The numbers of nerve branches in each section or portion of the section were analyzed. The lengths of the uterosacral ligaments were measured and immunohistochemistry staining was studied. Autonomic nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were quantitatively analyzed using image analysis software and biological stereology. RESULTS: The volume density of sympathetic nerves in the deep portion was significantly higher than in the superficial portion (p<0.05), and the number of nerves was greatest in the cervical section (p<0.05). The volume density of blood vessels was not significantly different between the two portions (p>0.05) or among the three sections (p>0.05), and the volume density of the lymphatic vessels was greater in the medial surface (p<0.05), with most of them in the cervical section (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides systematic mapping of the location and distribution of autonomic nerve branches, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the uterosacral ligament.

[Value of serum cystatin C level in assessing renal damage in preeclamptic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of the serum cystatin C (Cys-C) in assessing renal dysfunction in preeclamptic women. METHODS: Ninety-six women with normal pregnancies and 48 with severe preeclampsia were examined for 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum creatinine (Scr), Cys-C, uric acid (UA) and beta microglobulin (MG) concentrations during the second and third trimesters and postpartum in severe preeclamptic patients. These indexes were analyzed to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: The concentrations of Scr, UA and MG were significantly higher in the third trimester than in the second trimester in women with normal pregnancies, where serum Cys-C levels showed no significant variations. Severe preeclamptic patients exhibited significantly higher serum Cys-C levels in the third than in the second trimester. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant negative correlations between Cys-C and 24-hour CrCl in the second and third trimesters in all the 144 pregnant women and in the postpartum period in severe preeclamptic patients. CONCLUSION: Serum Cys-C can serve as a good indicator for assessing renal function in severe preeclamptic women from antepartum to postpartum periods.

Classical and nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy: an evaluation of the nerve trauma in cardinal ligament.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated histopathology and clinical outcome of autonomic nerve trauma and vessels removal within the cardinal ligament (CL) during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) compared with radical hysterectomy (RH). METHODS: 25 women with FIGO stage Ib1-IIa cervical cancer underwent RH (n=13) or NSRH (n=12). Removed CLs lengths were measured. Biopsies were collected from the proximal, middle and distal segment of CLs and fixed. Different markers were used for immunohistochemisty analysis: tyrosine hydroxylase for sympathetic nerves; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide for parasympathetic nerves; CD34 for blood vessels; and D2-40 for lymphatic vessels. The volume density (Vv), a parameter of biological stereology, was used to quantitatively measure CL components, while post-operative functions, such as defecation, micturition and two-year disease free survival in RH and NSRH groups were compared. RESULTS: The nerves mainly existed in the middle and distal segments of CLs. The Vv was greater in RH compared with NSRH for both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve markers (P<0.05), while the Vv of blood and lymphatic vessels were same in the two groups. Average time to achieve residual urine≤50ml and first defecation were shorter in NSRH than in RH (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Less autonomic nerves within CL are transected in NSRH than in RH, while blood/lymphatic vessels are efficiently removed in both treatments. Compared to RH, NSRH decreases iatrogenic injury, which leads to reduced post-operative co-morbidities, with ensure the same radicality.

microRNA regulation of the expression of the estrogen receptor in endometrial cancer.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA transcripts thought to be instrumental in controlling eukaryotic cell function. This study aimed to identify miRNAs associated with the differential expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in uterine endometrial cancer. First, the pathology of Ishikawa and KLE cell lines was identified by transplant and biopsy. Expression levels of ERα and PR and their response to estrogen and progesterone were examined, and total RNA was isolated to identify differentially expressed miRNAs by microarray analysis. miRNAs targeting ESR1 and PGR were predicted by miRANDA and TargetScan software, and their expression levels in cell lines and in patient samples were validated by real-time RT-PCR. Ishikawa and KLE represent estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent endometrial cancers, respectively. As identified by miRNA microarray, 126 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two cell lines; hsa-miR-100 and hsa-miR-99a were predicted to target ESR1, and hsa-miR-378 and hsa-miR-768-3p to target PGR. The differential expression of these miRNAs between Ishikawa and KLE was consistent in vivo and in vitro. Hsa-miR-100 was significantly down-regulated in the estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer samples as compared to the estrogen-independent samples and thus has the potential to target ESR1.

[Expression of fragile histidine triad in endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of fragile histidine triad in endometriosis and investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHODS: immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Fhit in the eutopic and ectopic endometria of 58 patients with endometriosis and in the endometria in 15 patients with hysteromyoma. RESULTS: The intensity of Fhit expression decreased in the order of normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium in endometriosis group, and ectopic endometrium. In patients with endometriosis, Fhit expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometria in proliferative phase showed no significant difference from that in secretory phase (P>0.05). Fhit expression in the ectopic endometrium showed significant difference between different r-AFS stages. MOD of ectopic endometrium in stages I-II was significantly higher than that in stages III-IV (P<0.05), but Fhit expression in the eutopic endometrium showed no significant difference (P>0.05). MOD of ovarian endometriosis showed no difference with that of adenomyosis. CONCLUSIONS: Fhit may play an important role in the development of endometriosis.

[Expression of ZNF217 in human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of ZNF217 expression to the carcinogenesis and progression of human ovarian cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were used to detect ZNF217 expression in human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian cystadenoma and normal ovary tissues. RESULTS: The expression levels of ZNF217 protein and mRNA in ovarian cystadenocarcinoma was significantly higher than those in matched ovarian cystadenoma and normal tissues (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the expression between ovarian cystadenoma and normal ovarian tissues (P>0.05). The mRNA expression in the specimens was consistent with the protein expression of ZNF217 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ZNF217 gene expression is closely correlated to the occurrence and clinical stages of ovarian carcinomas, suggesting that ZNF217 can be an important candidate gene responsible for the occurrence and progression of ovarian carcinomas.

[Oncogene ZNF217 amplification on chromosome 20 q in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and its clinical implications].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the amplification of zinc finger protein 217 (ZNF217) gene on chromosome 20 in ovarian cancer and its clinical significance. METHODS: Twenty-three specimens of ovarian carcinoma (11 cases of early stage and 12 advanced stage), 10 specimens of benign ovarian tumors and 7 normal ovaries were examined for ZNF217 gene amplification on chromosome 20 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: ZNF217 gene amplification was detected in 12 cases of ovarian cancer (52.17%) and 1 case of benign ovarian tumor, but not in normal ovary. ZNF217 amplification was significantly associated with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Oncogene ZNF217 is associated with the tumor stage and poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.

[Chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis: clinical analysis of 36 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and clinical value of chorionic villus sampling via the cervix for prenatal diagnosis of early pregnancy. METHOD: Thirty-six women with early pregnancy who required prenatal diagnosis received chorionic villus sampling via the cervix under the guidance by ultrasonography for laboratory examination of the samples. RESULTS: Villus sampling was performed successfully in 27 of the 36 cases in a single operation, whereas a second operation for sampling was needed in another 7 cases, with a total operation success rate of 94.4%;. The side effects included abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in small quantity. In the 22 women who chose to continue the pregnancy, one woman experienced miscarriage at the 25th gestational week due to premature rupture of the membrane, and all other women gave birth to normal full-term infants. CONCLUSION: Chorionic villus sampling via the cervix under the guidance by ultrasonography is effective and safe for prenatal diagnosis in early pregnancy to help avoid induced abortion in mid-pregnancy and the occurrence of fetal defects.