[ANCA-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report].

We reported a case of 73-year-old male with multiple pulmonary nodules and cavities. The patient was admitted with a chief complaint of "dry cough with shortness of breath for 3 months". Chest CT showed multiple irregular masses, nodules, and patchy lesions in both lungs, accompanied by the formation of cavities. He also had anemia and renal dysfunction. Despite given empirical anti-infective and anti-tuberculosis treatments, the pulmonary nodules progressed, and the cavities enlarged. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were negative twice. Bronchoscopic biopsy was performed. The mucosal pathology of the right middle lobe lesion showed little necrosis, focal granulomatous structure formation, and relevant vasculitis and remaining vessel wall structure in the necrosis lesions by elastic fiber staining. A clinical diagnosis of ANCA-negative necrotizing granulomatous polyangiitis was made and the patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. The nodules and cavities shrank, and some lesions were absorbed.

[Efficacy analysis of selective genicular artery embolization in the treatment of knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective genicular artery embolization for the treatment of the knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis. Methods: From October 2020 to July 2021, 17 patients (23 knees) aged (68±7) years with moderate to severe knee pain secondary to knee osteoarthritis were prospectively included in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. There were 6 males and 11 females included in this research. Patients were assessed with knee pain, stiffness, and function with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading to evaluate the severity of KOA, and using the Magnetic Resonance Knee Osteoarthritis Score (MOAKS) to evaluate the MR imaging characteristics of the affected knee. Selective genicular artery embolization (GAE) was performed in all patients. The patients were followed up for 6 months after the procedure. Patients were assessed with the VAS score and WOMAC scale at 1 d, 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure to evaluate the clinical outcomes, including the improvement of knee joint pain, stiffness and function, as well as the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results: Three to seven genicular artery branches were superselected and embolized in 23 knees, and 4 to 7 genicular artery branches were embolized in 7 patients with K-L grade 4. The clinical improvement was 95.6% (22/23) at 1 month, 86.9% (20/23) at 3 months, and 91.3% (21/23) at 6 months. Twenty-three knees completed the 6-month follow-up, and the VAS score, WOMAC pain score, and total WOMAC score at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were (2.5±1.3), (3.4±2.4), and (19.7±9.8) points, (3.0±1.8), (4.5±3.4), and (22.3±11.3) points, (2.8±1.5), (4.1±3.0), and (20.5±11.0) points, which were lower than the (6.6±0.9), (11.4±2.6) and (47.0±12.0) points at baseline (all P<0.001). During the follow-up period, 7 patients had adverse reactions: 3 cases had skin ecchymosis in the femoral artery puncture area, 4 cases had knee joint stiffness and pain within 1 day after operation, which were relieved spontaneously in 1 week, 6 patients had joint clicking during extension and flexion activities after operation, of which 3 cases subsided spontaneously within 3 months after operation. None of the patients had major procedure-related adverse events. Conclusion: GAE has a high clinical improvement rate and a low incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of the pain secondary to knee osteoarthritis, which provides a new treatment option for patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment.

Fibroblast growth factor 18 alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice by adjusting oxidative stress and inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in infants, but the ways to prevent and treat BPD are still very limited. We tried to find an effective method for treating BPD by studying the effect of fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We placed newborn mice in high-oxygen environment (60-70%) and collected mouse lung tissue for histological examination at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after birth. The correlation between FGF18 and BPD was studied by analyzing the expression of FGF18 in mouse lung tissue. In addition, we used exogenous FGF18 to stimulate primary mouse type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs II), and detected changes in oxidative stress, inflammation and NF-κB signaling pathway activity of AECs II to analyze the effects of FGF18 on AECs II. RESULTS: From the 7th day after the birth of the mouse, the lung tissue of the hyperoxia-induced mice suffered significant lung injury relative to the control group. The expression of FGF18 in lung tissue induced by hyperoxia was lower than that in the control group. Cell viability of AECs II stimulated by exogenous FGF18 increased, and FGF18 also reduced oxidative stress and inflammation levels of AECs II and inhibited the AECs II injury caused by hyperoxia. NF-κB signaling pathway activity in hyperoxia-induced lung increased, while exogenous FGF18 could reduce the expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in AECs II. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperoxia-induced lung injury was accompanied by a decrease in FGF18. FGF18 can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation levels of AECs II by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing hyperoxia-induced cell injury.

The diagnostic value of miR-21 combined with CT in patients with liver cancer.

PURPOSE: To explore the diagnostic value of miR-21 combined with computed tomography (CT) in patients with liver cancer. METHODS: A total of 112 patients in our hospital were confirmed liver cancer by examination, and were collected as cancer group. Another 100 patients with hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia in the same period were collected as control group. The diagnostic value of miR-21 and CT on liver cancer was observed. RESULTS: The level of miR-21 in cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was tested. It was found that the AFP level in cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.001). The correlation between AFP and miR-21 levels in liver cancer patients was detected. It turned out that AFP and miR-21 had correlation. According to receiver operating curve (ROC) calculation results, the best cut-off value for miR-21 diagnosis was 4.142. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of miR-21 alone were 64.29%, 87.00% and 75.00%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of CT alone were 91.07%, 62.00% and 77.36%, respectively. There were 108 cases of true positive and 80 cases of true negative after combined diagnosis in the two groups. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined diagnosis were 96.43%, 80.00% and 88.68%, respectively. Comparing the value of single diagnosis and combined diagnosis, we found that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of combined diagnosis were significantly higher than that of single diagnosis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT combined with miR-21 has great diagnostic value in liver cancer and may be a potential diagnostic indicator for liver cancer.

Influences of miR-708 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through targeted regulation of ADAM17.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-708 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) in a targeted manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established, and the differentially expressed miRNAs in the cerebral tissues of rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury were detected via sequencing. The research was performed in control group (PC12 cells received no treatment), inhibitor group (the expression of miR-708 in PC12 cells was down-regulated using miR-708 inhibitor), and interference + inhibitor group [PC12 cells were co-treated with miR-708 inhibitor and ADAM17 small interfering RNA (siRNA)]. Then, the expression of ADAM17 in cells, proliferation ability of cells, and number of apoptotic cells were detected in each group. RESULTS: A total of 225 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained through miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, of which miR-708, miR-169, miR-26, and miR-96 were highly expressed, whereas miR-122, miR-118, and miR-177 were lowly expressed in rats in ischemia-reperfusion group. Compared with that in control group, the level of miR-708 declined significantly in inhibitor group after treatment with miR-708 inhibitor. After treatment with miR-708 inhibitor, the protein expression level of ADAM17 in inhibitor group was evidently higher than that in control group, while its protein expression level in interference + inhibitor group was significantly decreased and restored, after interference of ADAM17 siRNA with protein expression. In comparison with control group, inhibitor group had increased apoptotic cells after miR-708 inhibitor treatment (p<0.05). Besides, after interference of ADAM17 siRNA with protein expression, there were a smaller number of apoptotic cells in interference + inhibitor group (p<0.05), showing mitigated apoptosis. Moreover, the proliferation ability of cells treated with miR-708 inhibitor in inhibitor group was weaker than that in control group (p<0.05), whereas the proliferation ability of cells in interference + inhibitor group was restored to a certain degree after ADAM17 siRNA interfered with the protein expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MiR-708 can modulate ADAM17 in a targeted manner to affect cellular proliferation and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The effect of myocardial infarction-associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) and miR-101 on sepsis-induced myocardial injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of myocardial infarction associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) and miR-101 on sepsis-induced myocardial injury in rats and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham group, CLP group, CLP + adeno-associated virus (AAV)-lncRNA Mirt2 group, CLP + AAV-NC group and CLP + AAV-lncRNA Mirt2 + agomiR-101 group. Rat CLP model was constructed. PanoViewb1500 was used to detect left ventricular systolic blood pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic blood pressure (LVEDP), ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) values. Thereafter, Mirt2 and miR-101 expression levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), myocardial pathological damage was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) expression was by immunohistochemical staining. Next, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the levels of serum inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1ß, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cardiac troponin I (cTn I) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). After that, Western blot was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors and Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein-serine-threonine kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. Finally, Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to detect the relationship between Mirt2 and miR-101. RESULTS: Compared with those in the sham group, the cardiac function of the rats in the CLP group was significantly deteriorated, the cardiac structure was disordered, and the expression of pro-inflammatory related factors was significantly increased. Compared with those in CLP group, the cardiac function of the CLP + AAV-lncRNA Mirt2 group was alleviated, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated, the cardiac structure was slightly disordered, and the expression of pro-inflammatory related factors was reduced. To some extent, miR-101 could directly inhibit the effect of Mirt2. CONCLUSIONS: Mirt2 can silence miR-101 and inhibit myocardial inflammatory response in sepsis rats through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus improving cardiac structure and function.

Effects of lamivudine on cell proliferation of liver cancer and expressions of HBsAg, HBeAg, and MMP-9 in patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of lamivudine on cell proliferation of liver cancer and expressions of HBsAg, HBeAg, and MMP-9 in hepatoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the intervention group, HepG2.2.15 cells were cultured with lamivudine at 100, 200, and 300 µmol/L for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. In the control group, HepG2.2.15 cells were cultured without lamivudine. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferative activity of cells after the intervention by lamivudine for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. ELISA was used to measure the expression levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and MMP-9 after the intervention by lamivudine for 48 hours and 72 hours. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the proliferation activity of cells (p>0.05). After 48 hours and 72 hours of intervention by lamivudine, the expressions of MMP-9, HBsAg, and HBeAg in the control group were statistically lower than those in the intervention groups with lamivudine at 100 µmol/L, 200 µmol/L, and 300 µmol/L (p<0.05). The expressions of MMP-9, HBsAg, and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 gradually decreased with the increase of intervention concentration and intervention time of lamivudine (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine cannot directly inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells, but it can reduce the expressions of MMP-9, HBsAg, and HBeAg in hepatoma cells, inhibit the replication of HBV disease in hepatoma cells, and suppress tumor growth.

[Crouzon syndrome with secretory otitis media: a case report and literature review].

Summary Clinical data from a case of Crouzon syndrome with secretory otitis media in our department was collected and the related literatures were reviewed. Whole exome sequecing and Sanger sequencing were performed to analyze genetic cause. The 6-year old patient with Crouzon syndrome had snoring and mouth breathing during sleep for 2 years, and was found hearing loss for 2 weeks. The results of endoscopy showed adenoid hypertrophy and secretory otitis media of both ears. And CT scan proved chronic rhinosinusitis. Myringotomy and adenoidectomy were done under general anesthesia. The follow-up at 6 months showed normal sleep and hearing level. A heterozygous fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 missense mutation（c.1061C>G, p.S354C） in exon 8 was identified in this patient.

Role of Bcl-2 and Bax in parotid gland atrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and correlation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bax in the parotid gland after leading duct ligation in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Atrophy of the right parotid was induced by ligating the right Stensen's duct of rats. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed to study the changes in number and distribution of Bcl-2 and Bax in each step of glandular atrophy, and every group at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 150, 180 days after ligation. RESULTS: Bcl-2 and Bax showed a low level of expression in normal glandular tissues. At different time points after the ligation of the main duct, Bcl-2 was highly expressed in the duct cells, and the absorbance value reached a peak value at 21-day (3.02+0.10). The 1 D expression of Bax was found in some of the cells in the 3 D, and the expression of Bax reached the peak (1.99+0.10), and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased in some cells. Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased at 1 day-21 day, and then decreased and stabilized. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 after ligation of the parotid gland is closely related to the process of the parotid gland atrophy.

Integrated Drug Expression Analysis for leukemia: an integrated in silico and in vivo approach to drug discovery.

Screening for drug compounds that exhibit therapeutic properties in the treatment of various diseases remains a challenge even after considerable advancements in biomedical research. Here, we introduce an integrated platform that exploits gene expression compendia generated from drug-treated cell lines and primary tumor tissue to identify therapeutic candidates that can be used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our framework combines these data with patient survival information to identify potential candidates that presumably have a significant impact on AML patient survival. We use a drug regulatory score (DRS) to measure the similarity between drug-induced cell line and patient tumor gene expression profiles, and show that these computed scores are highly correlated with in vitro metrics of pharmacological activity. Furthermore, we conducted several in vivo validation experiments of our potential candidate drugs in AML mouse models to demonstrate the accuracy of our in silico predictions.

The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on CRP and IL-6: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammation is regarded as a risk predictor for metabolic syndrome and atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to confirm the effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on cytokine levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases up to May 2009 for randomised controlled trials regarding the effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eighteen trials with 1747 participants for CRP and nine trials with 1037 participants for IL-6 were included, respectively. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by fixed- or random-effects model. No significant differences were observed for CRP and IL-6 reduction between the subjects with vitamin-mineral supplementation and placebo control. A dose-dependent manner for different body mass index (BMI) subgroups in CRP analysis was observed (weighted mean difference (WMD), -0.057; 95%CI: -0.753 to 0.639 for BMI<25; WMD, -0.426; 95%CI: -0.930 to 0.079 for 25 ≤ BMI < 30; WMD, -0.491; 95%CI: -1.407 to 0.424 for BMI ≥ 30). However, no significance was detected in meta-regression (-0.046, 95%CI: -0.135 to 0.044). Moreover, the best effect for reduction in CRP levels in a supplementation duration of 4 weeks-6 months (WMD, -0.449; 95%CI: -1.004 to 0.106) was observed compared with supplementation duration less than 4 weeks (WMD, -0.137; 95%CI, -0.816 to 0.541) and more than 6 months (WMD, -0.389; 95%CI, -1.034 to 0.257) without statistical significance (P = 0.059). CONCLUSION: No statistically significant evidences for the potential dose-dependent manner of BMI and best supplement duration were detected in this study. Large and well-designed studies are recommended to confirm this conclusion.

Multiresidue method for determination of 88 pesticides in berry fruits using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Determination of 88 pesticides in berries using SPE and GC-MS.

A method using solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been established for quantitative determination of 88 pesticide residues in berry fruits including raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and grape. Based on an appraisal of the characteristics of GC-MS, validation experiments were conducted for 88 pesticides. In the method, solid-phase extraction was carried out using Envi-Carb cartridge coupled with NH(2)-LC cartridge with acetonitrile-toluene (3:1, v/v) as the eluted solvent. In the linear range of each pesticide, the correlation coefficient was R(2)⩾0.99. At the low, medium and high three fortification levels of 0.05-0.5mgkg(-1), recoveries fell within 63-137%. The relative standard deviation was between 1% and 19% for all 88 pesticides. Low limits of detection (0.006-0.05mgkg(-1)) and quantification (0.02-0.15mgkg(-1)) were readily achieved with this method for all tested pesticides.

The porcine and lagomorph septal cartilages: models for tissue engineering and morphologic cartilage research.

Interest in reconstruction and modification of the facial cartilaginous frameworks using advanced technology and instrumentation is growing rapidly. Despite this maturing interest, no animal model has been established to provide morphologic cartilage tissue with similar characteristics to human septum in suitable quantities. The objective of this study was to characterize porcine and lagomorph (rabbit) nasal septal cartilage tissue. Both models share great similarity with their human counterpart and provide a low-cost, high-volume, and easily obtained source of bulk cartilage tissue. We present a technique for harvesting intact septal cartilages from these species, and characterize select cellular, metabolic, and physical properties using pulse-chase radiolabeling, flow cytometry, and mechanical analysis. Our selective evaluation of key tissue properties establishes these species as appropriate animal models for nasal septal cartilaginous surgery.

Two-photon laser scanning microscopy of epithelial cell-modulated collagen density in engineered human lung tissue.

Tissue remodeling is a complex process that can occur in response to a wound or injury. In lung tissue, abnormal remodeling can lead to permanent structural changes that are characteristic of important lung diseases such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and bronchial asthma. Fibroblast-mediated contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels is considered an in vitro model of tissue contraction and remodeling, and the epithelium is one factor thought to modulate this process. We studied the effects of epithelium on collagen density and contraction using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). TPLSM was used to image autofluorescence of collagen fibers in an engineered tissue model of the human respiratory mucosa -- a three-dimensional co-culture of human lung fibroblasts (CCD-18 lu), denatured type I collagen, and a monolayer of human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) or human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o(-)). Tissues were imaged at days 1, 8, and 15 at 10 depths within the tissue. Gel contraction was measured concurrently with TPLSM imaging. Image analysis shows that gels without an epithelium had the fastest rate of decay of fluorescent signal, corresponding to highest collagen density. Results of the gel contraction assay show that gels without an epithelium also had the highest degree of contraction (19.8% +/- 4.0%). We conclude that epithelial cells modulate collagen density and contraction of engineered human lung tissue, and TPLSM is an effective tool to investigate this phenomenon.

Development of a novel indwelling balloon applicator for optimizing light delivery in photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A human glioma spheroid model is used to investigate the efficacy of different light delivery schemes in 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)--mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results provide the rationale for the development of an indwelling balloon applicator for optimizing light delivery. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human glioma spheroids were incubated in ALA (100 or 1000 microg /ml-1) for 4 hours and subjected to various light irradiation schemes. In one set of experiments, spheroid survival was monitored as a function of light fluence rate (5-200 mW cm-2). In all cases, spheroids were exposed to fluences of either 25 or 50 J cm-2. In a second study, the effects of repeated weekly PDT treatments, using sub-threshold fluences, were investigated. One group of spheroids was subjected to three treatments using fluences of 12, 12, and 25 J cm-2. Results were compared to spheroids receiving single treatments of either 12 or 25 J cm-2. A fluence rate of 25 mW cm-2 was used for all three groups of spheroids. In all cases, the effect of a given irradiation scheme was evaluated by monitoring spheroid growth. RESULTS: Low fluence rates produce greater cell kill than high fluence rates. The minimum effective fluence rate in human glioma spheroids is approximately 10 mW cm-2. Repeated weekly PDT treatments with sub-threshold fluences result in significant cell kill. In spheroids surviving the PDT treatments, growth is suppressed for the duration of the treatment period. CONCLUSION: The results of the in vitro studies support the development of an indwelling balloon applicator for the delivery of light doses in long term multi-fractionated PDT regimens.

Photodynamic therapy of human glioma spheroids using 5-aminolevulinic acid.

The response of human glioma spheroids to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is investigated. A two-photon fluorescence microscopy technique is used to show that human glioma cells readily convert ALA to protoporphyrin IX throughout the entire spheroid volume. The central finding of this study is that the response of human glioma spheroids to ALA-mediated PDT depends not only on the total fluence, but also on the rate at which the fluence is delivered. At low fluences (< or = 50 J cm-2), lower fluence rates are more effective. At a fluence of 50 J cm-2, near-total spheroid kill is observed at fluence rates of as low as 10 mW cm-2. The fluence rate effect is not as pronounced at higher fluences (> 50 J cm-2), where a favorable response is observed throughout the range of fluence rates investigated. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

In vitro and in vivo photosensitizing capabilities of 5-ALA versus photofrin in vascular endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for complicated hemangiomas. The photosensitizing activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and Photofrin were evaluated in vitro with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) and in vivo with the chicken cox comb. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro absorption and photosensitizing activities of 5-ALA and Photofrin were examined in a MEC culture system. The percentages of MEC killed by different drug concentrations at a wavelength of 630 nm were measured by either live/dead or lactate dehydrogenase-released assays. Similarly, the in vivo biological activities of 5-ALA and Photofrin exposed to different total light dosages at 630 nm were studied by determining the amount of necrosis produced in chicken combs. RESULTS: MEC incubated with 5-ALA at a concentration of 35 microg/ml and exposed to laser light at 630 nm at a power density of 100 mW/cm2 showed a 50% cell kill. MEC incubated with Photofrin at a concentration of 3.5 microg/ml and exposed to laser light at 630 nm at a power density of 100 mW/cm2 showed a 50% cell kill. Chicken combs that received 200 mg/kg of 5-ALA exposed to laser light at 630 nm at a power density of 100 mW/cm2 had an injury depth of 362.5+/-27.6 microm at histologic examination. Combs exposed to a power density of 100 or 120 mW/cm2 showed injury depths of 732.5+/-29.1 and 792.5+/-36.0 microm, respectively. Chicken combs that received 2.5 mg/kg of Photofrin exposed to laser light at 630 nm at a power density of 80 mW/cm2 had an injury depth of 535.6+/-22.3 microm at histologic examination. Combs exposed to a power density of 100 or 120 mW/cm2 showed injury depths of 795.8+/-32.5 and 805.2+/-49.1 microm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both 5-ALA and Photofrin have the capability to destroy MEC in vitro and vasculature in vivo. However, Photofrin achieved a higher degree of cell kill and tissue destruction at lower drug concentrations and at lower power densities.

In vitro and in vivo comparison of argon-pumped and diode lasers for photodynamic therapy using second-generation photosensitizers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Three prototype microchannel-cooled stacked diode array lasers were compared with the currently used conventional argon ion laser-pumped tunable dye lasers for suitability as light sources in photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PDT response of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells in culture and SMT-F tumor bearing mice treated with chloro-aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanin (CASPc), benzoporphyrin derivative mono-acid (BPD-MA), and lutetium texaphyrin (Lutex) was determined using each laser light source. Survival of the CHO cells was measured using a cloning assay. Tumor regression/eradication was used to assess response in the mice. RESULTS: Both sources of laser light produced comparable PDT responses in the two systems tested. CONCLUSION: It would be possible to replace the currently used argon ion laser-pumped dye laser systems with the diode lasers tested.