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1.
Public Health Nurs ; 41(3): 476-486, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38468509

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. HCC has high morbidity, high mortality, and low survival rates. Screening is one of the most significant methods of lowering incidence and death while also increasing survival. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the facilitators and barriers to participation in HCC screening among high-risk populations. METHODS: A comprehensive and systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBACE, EBSCOhost and the Cochrane Library. A combination of synonyms of the keywords including HCC, screening, factors and adherence were used for searching. Studies addressing the facilitators and barriers to HCC screening compliance in at-risk individuals were included. Data were synthesized using Review Manager version 5.4. A random/fixed effects model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled data and expressed with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative (n = 1) and quantitative (n = 6) studies using various types of surgery were conducted. The most commonly mentioned barriers were insufficient knowledge and awareness of HCC screening, unawareness of the necessity for early detection of HCC and lack of physician recommendation. A meta-analysis of seven studies showed that individuals with a family history of HCC increased screening uptake by nearly three times (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.93, 3.75). Other most frequently reported facilitators include age, education level, and perceived risk et al. CONCLUSIONS: Many barriers to HCC screening were found. Meanwhile, this review points out that improving the awareness of high-risk populations toward HCC screening is expected to enhance compliance, thereby promoting early diagnosis of liver cancer, reducing mortality, and alleviating the burden of HCC.

2.
Patient Prefer Adherence ; 18: 709-720, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38524198

RESUMO

Background: Colorectal, and gastric cancers have the second, and fourth mortality rates worldwide, respectively. Endoscopic screening is a crucial diagnostic tool for colorectal, and gastric cancers. Effective interventions can improve adherence to endoscopic screening in high-risk populations, which is important for cancer prevention and mortality reduction. This study aimed to identify interventions that could improve adherence to endoscopic screening for cancer in high-risk populations. Methods: Combination keywords including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, screening adherence, and interventions were used to search for articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE Complete. The review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SCR). Results: A total of 12 articles were included in this review: 9 randomized controlled trials(RCT) and 3 quasi-experimental studies(QEDs). Among the extracted studies, 11 were about colorectal cancer, and 1 was about gastric cancer. Most studies used lecture-based or Information Technology-based health education interventions. Narrative interventions have proven to be novel and effective approaches for promoting adherence to endoscopic screening. Health education interventions included cancer epidemiology, cancer risk factors, warning symptoms, and screening methods. Conclusion: All interventions involved were effective in increasing individual knowledge of cancer-related endoscopic screening, willingness to undergo screening, and screening behaviors. These findings provide a reference for designing endoscopy-related cancer screening interventions.

3.
Public Health Nurs ; 40(5): 782-789, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37177843

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a high incidence and mortality rate. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is effective in the prevention of CRC. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess knowledge and beliefs regarding FOBT-based screening. METHODS: This study used PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Complete, and Web of Science to search for articles. Original full-text studies in English language focusing on knowledge and beliefs of FOBT screening were included. RESULTS: A total of 32 articles were included. This study indicated that the population in most studies had inadequate knowledge and lacked beliefs toward FOBT-based screening. Most of the extracted studies showed that less than half of the participants had heard of FOBT-based screening. Six studies showed that less than 50% of participants had knowledge of FOBT age. Three studies found that less than 40% of participants were aware of the screening interval. Some participants perceived the benefits of FOBT-based screening, while others perceived many barriers to the test. CONCLUSION: Participants' knowledge and belief in FOBT-based screening were insufficient. This review highlights the importance of educational programs to increase knowledge and beliefs regarding FOBT-based screening. It is important to include FOBT-based screening in the health care system to promote the secondary prevention of CRC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Sangue Oculto , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Programas de Rastreamento
4.
BMJ Open ; 12(1): e057929, 2022 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35078854

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the general population's awareness of and attitudes toward Helicobacter pylori (HP) screening and health behaviours. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hengyang, Hunan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: Using stratified cluster random sampling, a pretested structured questionnaire was used to interview members of the general population aged ≥18 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge of and attitudes toward HP screening and associated health behaviours, sociodemographic factors associated with HP knowledge, and screening behaviours. RESULTS: This study featured 1042 participants. The average knowledge score was 11 (QL=4, QU=20, range 0-29). Approximately 68.9% of the participants said they had heard of HP, but 67.5% had never had an HP test. The most common reasons for not undergoing screening were 'no symptoms' (55.7%) and 'lack of knowledge regarding the benefits of the test' (21.1%). Independent factors related to knowledge included age, education level, occupation, HP infection, frequency of drinking unboiled water (p<0.05). Factors independently associated with screening behaviour included occupation, average monthly income, presence/absence of indigestion, stomach discomfort or pain, and/or stomach disease and knowledge score (p<0.05). Overall, 941 (90.3%) participants never used anti-HP toothpaste, and 442 (40.5%) never used serving spoons or chopsticks. The risk factors for HP infection included eating out and eating in groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In China, the general population has poor knowledge of HP, but most people have a positive attitude towards HP screening. Being asymptomatic and lacking knowledge about testing were the main reasons for reluctance to be screened. These results highlight the urgent need for educational activities to raise awareness, enhance screening rates for HP, and encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescente , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Environ Sci Technol ; 44(13): 4924-9, 2010 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20521844

RESUMO

Chlorination of wastewater can form genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic disinfection byproduct (DBPs). In this study, the effect of bromide on genotoxicity in secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant during chlorination was evaluated by the SOS/umu test. The presence of bromide notably decreased the genotoxicity in secondary effluent during chlorination, especially under conditions of high ammonia concentration. Bromide significantly decreased the concentration of ofloxacin, a genotoxic chemical in secondary effluent, during chlorination with high concentration of ammonia, while genotoxic DBPs formation of humic acid and aromatic amino acids associated with bromide limitedly contributed to the changes of genotoxicity in secondary effluent under the conditions of this study. By fractionating dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the secondary effluent into different fractions, the fractions containing hydrophilic substances (HIS) and hydrophobic acids (HOA) contributed to the decrease in genotoxicity induced by bromide. Chlorination of HOA without bromide increased genotoxicity, while the addition of bromide decreased genotoxicity.


Assuntos
Brometos/análise , Brometos/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Cidades , Desinfetantes/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Halogenação , Mutagênicos , Ofloxacino/análise
6.
Environ Sci Technol ; 43(13): 4940-5, 2009 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19673289

RESUMO

Chlorination is widely used in wastewater reclamation, however harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may be formed during disinfection. These DBPs are considered as a potential and important source of endocrine-disruption. In this study, the effects of chlorination on estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities in biologically treated wastewater were evaluated by yeast two-hybrid assay. For the first time, chlorination was found to increase the antiestrogenic activity of wastewater notably and decrease the estrogenic activity. By fractionating dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater into different fractions, it was found that the polar compounds (PC) fraction of DOM was the key fraction involved in increasing antiestrogenic activity during chlorination of wastewater. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy analysis on different fractions of soluble organic compounds in wastewater suggested that the PC fraction contained most of the aromatic amino acids and humic/fulvic acid, which were then demonstrated as the precursors of antiestrogenic DBPs through chlorination experiments of tryptophan, humic acid, and tannic acid.


Assuntos
Cloro/análise , Moduladores de Receptor Estrogênico/análise , Estrogênios/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Aminoácidos Aromáticos/química , Biodegradação Ambiental , Desinfetantes/análise , Moduladores de Receptor Estrogênico/química , Estrogênios/química , Substâncias Húmicas/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Taninos/análise , Triptofano/análise , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-Híbrido
7.
J Hazard Mater ; 168(2-3): 1290-5, 2009 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19349115

RESUMO

Disinfection is the last barrier of wastewater reclamation process to protect ecosystem safety and human health. However, the chlorination process results in the formation of mutagenic/carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) deriving from the reaction of the chlorine with organic compounds in wastewater. The effects of operating conditions (chlorine dose, contact time, reaction temperature and pH value) of chlorination on the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in biologically treated wastewater samples were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the total THMs (TTHM) and total HAAs (THAA) increased exponentially with increasing chlorine dose, but there are discrepancies between the formation rates of TTHM and THAA. The THAA reached a peak at contact time of 2h and thereafter decreased with extended time. The formation time of THMs depends on the wastewater content of quick or slow formers. The yields of bromated HAAs (as MBAA, BCAA, and BDCAA) would decrease markedly after the contact time over 2h during wastewater chlorination, and were favored in low pH values of 4 and high pH values of 9 under certain contact time. In addition, the formation of MBAA, BCAA, BDCAA decreased gradually as reaction temperature increased from 4 to 30 degrees C in the chlorination of wastewater containing a certain concentration of bromide. The effects of operating conditions on THMs and HAAs formation during wastewater chlorination were completely different from those of surface water disinfection.


Assuntos
Acetatos/síntese química , Cloro/química , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Halogênios/química , Trialometanos/síntese química , Acetatos/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética
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