Agreement of ejection fraction measured by coronary computed tomography (CT) and cardiac ultrasound in evaluating patients with chronic heart failure: an observational comparative study.

Background: Cardiac ultrasound is one of the most important examinations in cardiovascular medicine, but the technical requirements for the operator are relatively high, which to some extent affects the scope of its use. This study was dedicated to investigating the agreement of ejection fraction between coronary computed tomography (CT) and cardiac ultrasound and diagnostic performance in evaluating the clinical diagnosis of patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: We conducted a single-center-based retrospective study including 343 consecutive patients enrolled between January 2019 to April 2020, all of whom presented with suspected symptoms of heart failure within one month. All enrolled cases performed cardiac ultrasound and coronary CT scans. The CT images were analyzed using accurate left ventricle (AccuLV) artificial intelligence (AI) software to calculate the ejection fraction-computed tomography (EF-CT) and it was compared with the ejection fraction (EF) obtained based on ultrasound. Cardiac insufficiency was determined if the EF measured by ultrasound was below 50%. Diagnostic performance analysis, correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot were used to compare agreement between EF-CT and CT. Results: Of the 319 successfully performed patients, 220 (69%) were identified as cardiac insufficiency. Quantitative consistency analysis showed a good correlation between EF-CT and EF values in all cases (R square =0.704, r=0.837). Bland-Altman analysis showed mean bias of 6.6%, mean percentage error of 27.5% and 95% limit of agreement of -17% to 30% between EF and EF-CT. The results of the qualitative diagnostic study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of EF measured by coronary CT reached a high level of 91% [95% confidence interval (CI): 86-94%], and the positive diagnostic value was up to 96% (95% CI: 92-98%). Conclusions: The EF-CT and EF have excellent agreement, and AccuLV-based AI left ventricular function analysis software perhaps can be used as a clinical diagnostic reference.

A pH-responsive nanoplatform with dual-modality imaging for enhanced cancer phototherapy and diagnosis of lung metastasis.

To address the limitations of traditional photothermal therapy (PTT)/ photodynamic therapy (PDT) and real-time cancer metastasis detection, a pH-responsive nanoplatform (NP) with dual-modality imaging capability was rationally designed. Herein, 1 H,1 H-undecafluorohexylamine (PFC), served as both an oxygen carrier and a 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were grafted onto the pH-responsive peptide hexahistidine (H6) to form H6-PFC-ICG (HPI). Subsequently, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, gambogic acid (GA), was incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) modified HPI (HHPI), yielding the ultimate HHPI@GA NPs. Upon self-assembly, HHPI@GA NPs passively accumulated in tumor tissues, facilitating oxygen release and HA-mediated cell uptake. Once phagocytosed by lysosomes, protonation of H6 was triggered due to the low pH, resulting in the release of GA. With near-infrared laser irradiation, GA-mediated decreased HSP90 expression and PFC-mediated increased ROS generation amplified the PTT/PDT effect of HHPI@GA, leading to excellent in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacies. Additionally, the fluorescence and 19F MRI dual-imaging capabilities of HHPI@GA NPs enabled effective real-time primary cancer and lung metastasis monitoring. This work offers a novel approach for enhanced cancer phototherapy, as well as precise cancer diagnosis.

"Cicada Out of the Shell" Deep Penetration and Blockage of the HSP90 Pathway by ROS-Responsive Supramolecular Gels to Augment Trimodal Synergistic Therapy.

Deep penetration and downregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in multimodal synergistic therapy are promising approaches for curing cancer in clinical trials. However, free small-molecule drugs and most drug vehicles have a low delivery efficiency deep into the tumor owing to poor drug penetration and hypoxic conditions at the tumor site. In this study, the objective is to use reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive supramolecular gels co-loaded with the photosensitizer Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (ZnPCS4) and functionalized tetrahedral DNA (TGSAs) (G@P/TGSAs) to enhance deep tissue and cell penetration and block the HSP90 pathway for chemo- photodynamic therapy (PDT) - photothermal therapy (PTT) trimodal synergistic therapy. The (G@P/TGSAs) are injected in situ into the tumor to release ZnPCS4 and TGSAs under high ROS concentrations originating from both the tumor and PDT. TGSAs penetrate deeply into tumor tissues and augment photothermal therapy by inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Proteomics show that HSP-related proteins and molecular chaperones are inhibited/activated, inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Simultaneously, the TGSA-regulated apoptotic pathway is activated. In vivo study demonstrates efficient tumor penetration and excellent trimodal synergistic therapy (45% tumor growth inhibition).

Characterization and Mechanism of a Novel Rice Protein Peptide (AHVGMSGEEPE) Calcium Chelate in Enhancing Calcium Absorption in Caco-2 Cells.

Rice protein peptides (RPP) are a potentially valuable source of high-quality calcium chelating properties. However, there is a lack of information regarding the calcium-absorption-promoting effect of RPP and its underlying mechanism. The present study adopted molecular docking methodologies to analyze the 10 most potent peptide segments from RPP. Results revealed that the peptide AHVGMSGEEPE (AHV) displayed optimal calcium binding properties (calcium-chelating capacity 55.69 ± 0.66 mg/g). Quantum chemistry analysis revealed that the AHV peptide effectively binds and forms stable complexes with calcium via the carbonyl oxygen atoms in valine at position 3 and the carbonyl of the C-terminal carboxyl group of glutamate at position 11. The spectral analysis results indicated that AHV may bind to calcium through carboxyl oxygen atoms, resulting in a transition from a smooth surface block-like structure to a dense granular structure. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the 4 mmol/L AHV-Ca chelate (61.75 ± 13.23 µg/well) significantly increases calcium absorption compared to 1 mM CaCl2 (28.57 ± 8.59 µg/well) in the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In terms of mechanisms, the novel peptide-calcium chelate AHV-Ca derived from RPP exerts a cell-level effect by upregulating the expression of TRPV6 calcium-ion-channel-related genes and proteins (TRPV6 and Calbindin-D9k). This study provides a theoretical basis for developing functional foods with the AHV peptide as ingredients to improve calcium absorption.

Efficacy of Breast-Conserving Surgery Versus Modified Radical Surgery in the Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The study aims to assess and compare the outcomes of modified radical surgery, preserving the nipple-areola complex, against radical mastectomy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Emphasis is placed on the clinical significance of this comparison, including its potential impact on patient outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare resources. Methods: Relevant literature from January 2017 to January 2022 was searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, CCD, and CSPD with keywords. The electric search yielded 613 relevant articles, including 351 from Pubmed, 187 from Embase, 5 from MEDLINE, 21 from CNKI, 4 from CCD, and 45 from CSPD. After duplicate screening, 185 items were eliminated, leaving 428 articles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with RevMan 5.3, and sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, and publication bias analysis were also performed. A total of 613 relevant articles were collected from the above databases, among which 428 articles remained after the initial screening and were further screened based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The efficacy of modified radical surgery and breast-conserving surgery in the treatment of early breast cancer was assessed by analyzing outcome indicators, including recurrence rate, distant metastatic rate, and three-year survival rate. The methods section details a systematic approach to data collection and analysis, specifying the databases and time frame for the literature search and the statistical tools used for the meta-analysis. The selection process, from the initial number of articles to the final inclusion based on defined criteria, is transparent, ensuring the study's methodological robustness in evaluating the efficacy of surgeries for early breast cancer. Results: Finally, ten articles were found to match the criteria and included in this study. According to the meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) groups in terms of the recurrence rate (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.39, 1.55, P > .05) and distant metastatic rate (OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.46, 1.31, P > .05). Nevertheless, the three-year survival rate was 85.2% in the BCT group and 91.7% in the MRM group; a statistically significant difference was observed in the three-year survival rate (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.01, 2.37, P = .03) between the BCT and MRM groups. Accordingly, breast-conserving surgery and modified radical surgery produced comparable clinical outcomes for the treatment of early breast cancer. Conclusion: In the treatment of early breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery has the advantages of less bleeding, fewer clinical complications, and favorable cosmetic outcomes compared with modified radical surgery. Furthermore, patients with breast-conserving surgery showed comparable recurrence and distant metastatic rates to those with modified radical surgery in postoperative follow-up, which, therefore is a suitable treatment option for the widespread recommendation. The study's findings hold significant clinical relevance, implying that while BCT remains a viable option, MRM may offer a survival advantage. This insight empowers both patients and clinicians in making informed, personalized treatment decisions tailored to individual circumstances.

Modulatory effects of fermented Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on immune homeostasis and gut integrity in a dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis model.

The gut health-promoting properties of saponin-rich Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (FP) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum P9 were explored in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. FP supplementation effectively inhibited DSS-induced physiological alteration and impaired immune responses by reducing the disease activity index (DAI) score and restoring the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 and regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 ratios. In addition, FP supplementation protected the gut barrier function against DSS-induced damage via upregulation of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-18, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study further elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying the FP-mediated suppression of the plasticity of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and subsequent macrophage polarization. Therefore, the FP supplementation effectively restored mucosal immune homeostasis and enhanced gut integrity. In addition, it suppressed the growth of Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus and promoted the enrichment of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes, such as Romboutsia, Faecalibaculum, and Blautia. In conclusion, P. cyrtonema Hua fermented with L. plantarum P9 might be a promising dietary intervention to improve gut health by sustaining overall gut homeostasis and related gut integrity.

Microbial metabolite enhances immunotherapy efficacy by modulating T cell stemness in pan-cancer.

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response in human cancers is closely linked to the gut microbiota. Here, we report that the abundance of commensal Lactobacillus johnsonii is positively correlated with the responsiveness of ICB. Supplementation with Lactobacillus johnsonii or tryptophan-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) enhances the efficacy of CD8+ T cell-mediated αPD-1 immunotherapy. Mechanistically, Lactobacillus johnsonii collaborates with Clostridium sporogenes to produce IPA. IPA modulates the stemness program of CD8+ T cells and facilitates the generation of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tpex) by increasing H3K27 acetylation at the super-enhancer region of Tcf7. IPA improves ICB responsiveness at the pan-cancer level, including melanoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Collectively, our findings identify a microbial metabolite-immune regulatory pathway and suggest a potential microbial-based adjuvant approach to improve the responsiveness of immunotherapy.

SGMS1 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and strengthens osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling by modulating Cer/PP2A/Akt pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis is a critical phenomenon in bone formation. Herein, we investigated the role and mechanism of SGMS1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and, in combination with osteogenesis and angiogenesis, to discover new therapeutic targets for skeletal dysplasia and bone defects. SGMS1 addition accelerated MSC osteogenic differentiation, whereas SGMS1 silencing suppressed this process. Moreover, SGMS1 overexpression inhibited ceramide (Cer) and promoted sphingomyelin (SM) levels. SM treatment neutralized the suppressive effect of shSGMS1 on osteogenesis. SGMS1 restrained PP2A activity by regulating Cer/SM metabolism and thus enhanced the levels of phosphorylated Akt, Runx2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, SGMS1 transcription was regulated by Runx2. SGMS1 increased MSC-mediated angiogenesis by promoting VEGF expression. SGMS1 addition promoted rat bone regeneration in vivo. In conclusion, SGMS1 induces osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and osteogenic-angiogenic coupling through the regulation of the Cer/PP2A/Akt signaling pathway.

A pH-sensitive imidazole grafted polymeric micelles nanoplatform based on ROS amplification for ferroptosis-enhanced chemodynamic therapy.

Highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), crucial in inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis, are pivotal for cell death pathways in cancer therapy. However, the effectiveness of ROS-related tumor therapy is impeded by the limited intracellular ROS and substrates, coupled with the presence of abundant ROS scavengers like glutathione (GSH). In this research, we developed acid-responsive, iron-coordinated polymer nanoparticles (PPA/TF) encapsulating a mitochondrial-targeting drug alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) for enhanced synergistic tumor treatment. The imidazole grafted micelles exhibit prolonged blood circulation and improve the delivery efficiency of the hydrophobic drug α-TOS. Additionally, PPA's design aids in delivering Fe3+, supplying ample iron ions for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and ferroptosis through the attachment of imidazole groups to Fe3+. In the tumor's weakly acidic intracellular environment, PPA/TF facilitates pH-responsive drug release. α-TOS specifically targets mitochondria, generating ROS and replenishing those depleted by the Fenton reaction. Moreover, the presence of Fe3+ in PPA/TF amplifies ROS upregulation, promotes GSH depletion, and induces oxidative damage and ferroptosis, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. This research presents an innovative ROS-triggered amplification platform that optimizes CDT and ferroptosis for effective cancer treatment.

A facile Immunoregulatory Constructional Design by Proanthocyanidin Optimizing Directional Chitosan Microchannel.

Improving the interconnected structure and bioregulatory function of natural chitosan is beneficial for optimizing its performance in bone regeneration. Here, a facile immunoregulatory constructional design is proposed for developing instructive chitosan by directional freezing and alkaline salting out. The molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the assembly kinetics and structural features of various polyphenols and chitosan molecules. Along with the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, promoting bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion and proliferation performance, proanthocyanidin optimizing chitosan (ChiO) scaffold presented an optimal immunoregulatory structure with the directional microchannel. Transcriptome analysis in vitro further revealed the cytoskeleton- and immune-regulation effect of ChiO are the key mechanism of action on BMSC. The rabbit cranial defect model (Φ = 10 mm) after 12 weeks of implantation confirmed the significantly enhanced bone reconstitution. This facile immunoregulatory directional microchannel design provides effective guidance for developing inducible chitosan scaffolds.

Enhancement of biohydrogen production by photo-fermentation of corn stover via visible light catalyzed titanium dioxide/activated carbon fiber.

In this study, titanium dioxide/activated carbon fiber (TiO2/ACF) was synthesized by liquid-phase deposition method and the effect of TiO2/ACF on the performance of photo-fermentation biohydrogen production (PFHP) from corn stover under visible light catalysis was discussed. Results show the maximum cumulative hydrogen yield (CHY) obtained under the optimal conditions was 74.0 ± 1.3 mL/g TS with TiO2/ACF addition of 100 mg/L, which was twice that without TiO2/ACF addition (36.9 ± 1.0 mL/g TS). Initial pH value had the most significant effect on CHY. The addition of TiO2/ACF promoted the metabolic pathway of nitrogenase to reduce H+ produced by consuming acetic acid and butyric acid to hydrogen, and also shortened the photo-fermentation period. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, the morphology and phase structure of TiO2/ACF after PFHP did not change significantly. This study laid the foundation for the reuse of TiO2 and its practical application in PFHP.

Engineered Microchannel Scaffolds with Instructive Niches Reinforce Endogenous Bone Regeneration by Regulating CSF-1/CSF-1R Pathway.

Structural and physiological cues provide guidance for the directional migration and spatial organization of endogenous cells. Here, a microchannel scaffold with instructive niches is developed using a circumferential freeze-casting technique with an alkaline salting-out strategy. Thereinto, polydopamine-coated nano-hydroxyapatite is employed as a functional inorganic linker to participate in the entanglement and crystallization of chitosan molecules. This scaffold orchestrates the advantage of an oriented porous structure for rapid cell infiltration and satisfactory immunomodulatory capacity to promote stem cell recruitment, retention, and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis as well as its in vitro and in vivo verification demonstrates that essential colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) factor is induced by this scaffold, and effectively bound to the target colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) on the macrophage surface to activate the M2 phenotype, achieving substantial endogenous bone regeneration. This strategy provides a simple and efficient approach for engineering inducible bone regenerative biomaterials.

Hierarchical Scaffold with Directional Microchannels Promotes Cell Ingrowth for Bone Regeneration.

Bone regenerative scaffolds with a bionic natural bone hierarchical porous structure provide a suitable microenvironment for cell migration and proliferation. Here, a bionic scaffold (DP-PLGA/HAp) with directional microchannels is prepared by combining 3D printing and directional freezing technology. The 3D printed framework provides structural support for new bone tissue growth, while the directional pore embedded in the scaffolds provides an express lane for cell migration and nutrition transport, facilitating cell growth and differentiation. The hierarchical porous scaffolds achieve rapid infiltration and adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and improve the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The rabbit cranial defect experiment presents significant new bone formation, demonstrating that DP-PLGA/HAp offers an effective means to guide cranial bone regeneration. The combination of 3D printing and directional freezing technology might be a promising strategy for developing bone regenerative biomaterials.

Molecular co-assembled strategy tuning protein conformation for cartilage regeneration.

The assembly of oligopeptide and polypeptide molecules can reconstruct various ordered advanced structures through intermolecular interactions to achieve protein-like biofunction. Here, we develop a "molecular velcro"-inspired peptide and gelatin co-assembly strategy, in which amphiphilic supramolecular tripeptides are attached to the molecular chain of gelatin methacryloyl via intra-/intermolecular interactions. We perform molecular docking and dynamics simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy and reveal the advanced structural transition of the co-assembled hydrogel, which brings more ordered ß-sheet content and 10-fold or more compressive strength improvement. We conduct transcriptome analysis to reveal the role of co-assembled hydrogel in promoting cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. Subcutaneous implantation evaluation confirms considerably reduced inflammatory responses and immunogenicity in comparison with type I collagen. We demonstrate that bone mesenchymal stem cells-laden co-assembled hydrogel can be stably fixed in rabbit knee joint defects by photocuring, which significantly facilitates hyaline cartilage regeneration after three months. This co-assembly strategy provides an approach for developing cartilage regenerative biomaterials.

1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol: Structure-function relationship, triacylglycerols preparation, nutrition value.

Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China. 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) is human milk's major triglyceride molecule of O-P-L, accounting for more than 70%. As a result, OPL has piqued the interest of Chinese academics. The synthesis process and nutritional outcomes of OPL have been studied, including changes in gut microbiota, serum lipid composition, improved fatty acid and calcium absorption, and increased total bile acid levels. However, current OPL research is limited. Therefore, this review discussed enzymatic preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and OPL and their nutritional and physiological activity to direct future research direction for sn-2 palmitate and OPL.

Wheat Bran Polyphenols Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Suppressing MAPK/NF-κB Inflammasome Pathways and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota.

Wheat bran (WB) is the primary by-product of wheat processing and contains a high concentration of bioactive substances such as polyphenols. This study analyzed the qualitative and quantitative components of polyphenols in wheat bran and their effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. The potential mechanism of wheat bran polyphenols (WBP) was also examined. Our findings indicate that the main polyphenol constituents of WBP were phenolic acids, including vanillic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Furthermore, WBP exerted remarkable protective effects against experimental colitis. This was achieved by reducing the severity of colitis and improving colon morphology. Additionally, WBP suppressed colonic inflammation via upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß) in colon tissues. Mechanistically, WBP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. In addition, microbiome analysis results suggested that WBP modulated the alteration of gut microbiota caused by DSS, with an enhancement in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and adjustments in the number of Helicobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group at the genus level. To conclude, the findings showed that WBP has excellent prospects in reducing colonic inflammation in UC mice.

The role of integrin αvß3 in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics mediated M2 Macrophage polarization and the resultant osteoinduction.

Calcium phosphate ceramics-based biomaterials were reported to have good biocompatibility and osteoinductivity and have been widely applied for bone defect repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of their osteoinductivity is still unclear. In our study, we established an ectopic bone formation in vivo model and an in vitro macrophage cell co-culture system with calcium phosphate ceramics to investigate the effect of biphasic calcium phosphate on osteogenesis via regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Our micro-CT data suggested that biphasic calcium phosphate had significant osteoinductivity, and the fluorescence co-localization detection found increased F4/80+/integrin αvß3+ macrophages surrounding the biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds. Besides, our study also revealed that biphasic calcium phosphate promoted M2 polarization of macrophages via upregulating integrin αvß3 expression compared to tricalcium phosphate, and the increased M2 macrophages could subsequently augment the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in a TGFß mediated manner. In conclusion, we demonstrated that macrophages subjected to biphasic calcium phosphate could polarize toward M2 phenotype via triggering integrin αvß3 and secrete TGFß to increase the osteogenesis of MSCs, which subsequently enhances bone regeneration.

Alendronate PtIV Prodrug Amphiphile for Enhanced Chemotherapy Targeting and Bone Destruction Inhibition in Osteosarcoma.

Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment method for osteosarcoma after surgery. However, the lack of selectivity of chemotherapy for osteosarcoma leads to unpredictable therapeutic effects, undesirable side effects, and drug resistance. A platinum(IV) (PtIV ) prodrug amphiphile (ALN-PtIV -Lipo) covalently bound to alendronate (ALN) and a lipid tail is designed to overcome these limitations. ALN-PtIV -Lipo can self-assemble into PtIV lipid nanoparticles (APtIV ) for osteosarcoma targeting chemotherapy and bone destruction inhibition. It is demonstrated that APtIV achieved an eightfold increase in the eradication of osteosarcoma cells compared to cisplatin and threefold selective inhibition of osteosarcoma cells over breast cancer cells via APtIV in vitro. After intravenous injection, APtIV effectively accumulates at the osteosarcoma site in vivo, resulting in significantly suppressed primary osteosarcoma growth, and alleviation of bone destruction. Therefore, APtIV delivers a promising solution for enhanced chemotherapy targeting and bone destruction inhibition in osteosarcoma.