RESUMO
Measurement of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to assess the incidence of ADA in a clinical trial is a critical step in immunogenicity assessment during the development of a protein therapeutic. We developed novel graphical approaches to illustrate clinical trial ADA data for the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab (Tecentriq) that included a systematic analysis of the impact of the timing of ADA sampling and ADA assay drug tolerance on reported ADA incidence. We found that approaches used across the industry for ADA incidence analysis provide a limited view of immunogenicity in oncology studies, where ADA detection may be confounded by both drug dosage and patient attrition. Moreover, these approaches can miss important temporal information about the immune response. Our results demonstrated that the methodology of ADA assessment for the atezolizumab program was specifically designed to capture most ADA responses to ensure accurate reporting of ADA incidence. We further showed that the use of sparse sampling and/or ADA test methods with insufficient drug tolerance may result in a significant underreporting of ADA incidence. We conclude that the comparison of ADA incidence between different drugs can be highly misleading and that a test method with appropriate sensitivity in the presence of the drug and a clinical sampling scheme that is aligned with ADA responses to a drug is required to accurately report ADA incidence.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Humanos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/imunologia , Anticorpos/imunologia , Tolerância a Medicamentos/imunologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/imunologiaRESUMO
Interest in investigating the role of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis in the initiation and progression of experimentally induced carcinomas has arisen due to several observations in the human population. First, subjects with Laron syndrome who lack GH signaling have significantly lower rates of cancer than people who have normal GH signaling. Second, epidemiologic studies have found strong associations between elevated circulating IGF-1 and the incidence of several common cancers. Third, women who bear children early in life have a dramatically reduced risk of developing breast cancer, which may be due to differences in hormone levels including GH. These observations have motivated multiple studies that have experimentally altered activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in the context of experimental carcinoma models in mice and rats. Most of these studies have utilized carcinoma models for four organ systems that are also frequent sites of carcinomas in humans: the mammary gland, prostate gland, liver, and colon. This review focuses on these studies and describes some of the most common genetic models used to alter the activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in experimentally induced carcinomas. A recurring theme that emerges from these studies is that manipulations that reduce the activity of GH or mediators of GH action also inhibit carcinogenesis in multiple model systems.
Assuntos
Carcinoma , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Hormônio do Crescimento , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de NeoplasiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Humans with inactivating mutations in growth hormone receptor (GHR) have lower rates of cancer, including prostate cancer. Similarly, mice with inactivating Ghr mutations are protected from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the C3(1)/TAg prostate cancer model. However, gaps in clinical relevance in those models persist. The current study addresses these gaps and the ongoing role of Ghr in prostate cancer using loss-of-function and gain-of-function models. METHODS: Conditional Ghr inactivation was achieved in the C3(1)/TAg model by employing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre and a prostate-specific Cre. In parallel, a transgenic GH antagonist was also used. Pathology, proliferation, and gene expression of 6-month old mouse prostates were assessed. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data was conducted to identify GHR overexpression in a subset of human prostate cancers. Ghr overexpression was modeled in PTEN-P2 and TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells using stable transfectants. The growth, proliferation, and gene expression effects of Ghr overexpression was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Loss-of-function for Ghr globally or in prostatic epithelial cells reduced proliferation and stratification of the prostatic epithelium in the C3(1)/TAg model. Genes and gene sets involved in the immune system and tumorigenesis, for example, were dysregulated upon global Ghr disruption. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed higher GHR expression in human prostate cancers with ERG-fusion genes or ETV1-fusion genes. Modeling the GHR overexpression observed in these human prostate cancers by overexpressing Ghr in mouse prostate cancer cells with mutant Pten or T-antigen driver genes increased proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Ghr overexpression regulated the expression of multiple genes oppositely to Ghr loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS: Loss-of-function and gain-of-function Ghr models, including prostatic epithelial cell specific alterations in Ghr, altered proliferation, and gene expression. These data suggest that changes in GHR activity in human prostatic epithelial cells play a role in proliferation and gene regulation in prostate cancer, suggesting the potential for disrupting GH signaling, for example by the FDA approved GH antagonist pegvisomant, may be beneficial in treating prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptores da Somatotropina , Animais , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Camundongos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Receptores da Somatotropina/genética , Receptores da Somatotropina/metabolismoRESUMO
Female SV40 C3(1) T-antigen (C3(1)/TAg) transgenic mice develop mammary tumors that are molecularly similar to human basal-like breast cancers with 100% incidence at 16 weeks of age. To determine the requirement for growth hormone (GH) signaling in these tumors, genetic crosses were used to create cohorts of female mice that were homozygous for a floxed growth hormone receptor (Ghr) gene and carried one copy each of the Rosa-Cre-ERT2 transgene and the C3(1)/TAg transgene (Ghrflox/flox; Rosa-Cre-ERT2; C3(1)/TAg+/0 mice). When the largest mammary tumor reached 200â mm3, mice were treated with tamoxifen to delete Ghr or with vehicle as a control. An additional group of Ghrflox/flox; C3(1)/TAg+/0 mice were also treated with tamoxifen when the largest mammary tumor reached 200â mm3 as a control for the effects of tamoxifen. After 3 weeks, tumors in mice in which Ghr was deleted began to shrink while vehicle and tamoxifen treatment control mouse tumors continued to grow. Pathological analysis of tumors revealed similar growth patterns and varying levels of necrosis throughout all groups. A decrease in cancer cell proliferation in Ghr-/- tumors relative to controls was observed as measured by Ki67 immunohistochemistry labeling index. These data suggest that even established C3(1)/TAg mammary tumors are dependent on the GH/IGF-1 axis.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Antígenos Transformantes de Poliomavirus/genética , Proliferação de Células , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos Transgênicos , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Receptores de Somatostatina/genéticaRESUMO
Previous studies investigating the effects of blocking the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in prostate cancer found no effects of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) antagonist, pegvisomant, on the growth of grafted human prostate cancer cells in vivo. However, human GHR is not activated by mouse GH, so direct actions of GH on prostate cancer cells were not evaluated in this context. The present study addresses the species specificity of GH-GHR activity by investigating GH actions in prostate cancer cell lines derived from a mouse Pten-deletion model. In vitro cell growth was stimulated by GH and reduced by pegvisomant. These in vitro GH effects were mediated at least in part by the activation of JAK2 and STAT5. When Pten-mutant cells were grown as xenografts in mice, pegvisomant treatment dramatically reduced xenograft size, and this was accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. RNA sequencing of xenografts identified 1765 genes upregulated and 953 genes downregulated in response to pegvisomant, including many genes previously implicated as cancer drivers. Further evaluation of a selected subset of these genes via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction determined that some genes exhibited similar regulation by pegvisomant in prostate cancer cells whether treatment was in vivo or in vitro, indicating direct regulation by GH via GHR activation in prostate cancer cells, whereas other genes responded to pegvisomant only in vivo, suggesting indirect regulation by pegvisomant effects on the host endocrine environment. Similar results were observed for a prostate cancer cell line derived from the mouse transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento Humano , Neoplasias da Próstata , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Expressão Gênica , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/genética , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/farmacologia , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores da Somatotropina/genética , Receptores da Somatotropina/metabolismoRESUMO
Docetaxel (DTX) is among the most frequently prescribed chemotherapy drugs and has recently been shown to extend survival in advanced prostate cancer patients. However, the poor water solubility of DTX prevents full exploitation of this potent anticancer drug. The current marketed formulation, Taxotere®, contains a toxic co-solvent that induces adverse reactions following intravenous injection. Nano-sized polymeric micelles have been proposed to create safer, water-soluble carriers for DTX, but many have failed to reach the clinic due to poor carrier stability in vivo. In this study, we aimed to improve micelle stability by synthesizing an ester prodrug of DTX, oligo(lactic acid)8-docetaxel (o(LA)8-DTX), for augmented compatibility with the core of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) micelles. Due to the enhancement of drug-carrier compatibility, we were able to load 50% (w/w) prodrug within the micelle, solubilize 20 mg/mL o(LA)8-DTX (~12 mg/mL DTX-equivalent) in aqueous media, and delay payload release. While the micelle core prohibited premature degradation, o(LA)8-DTX was rapidly converted to parent drug DTX through intramolecular backbiting (t1/2 = 6.3 h) or esterase-mediated degradation (t1/2 = 2.5 h) following release. Most importantly, o(LA)8-DTX micelles proved to be as efficacious but less toxic than Taxotere® in a preclinical mouse model of prostate cancer.
RESUMO
Previously, we reported that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumors could be established in mutant spontaneous dwarf rats (SDRs), which lack endogenous growth hormone (GH) by supplementing with exogenous GH, and almost all such tumors regressed upon GH withdrawal. When the highly inbred SDR line was outcrossed to wild-type (WT) Sprague-Dawley rats, MNU-induced mammary tumors could still be established in resulting outbred SDRs by supplementing with exogenous GH. However, unlike tumors in inbred SDRs, 65% of mammary tumors established in outbred SDRs continued growth after GH withdrawal. We further tested whether these tumors were more sensitive to doxorubicin than their WT counterparts. To accomplish this, MNU-induced mammary tumors were established in WT rats and in SDRs supplemented with exogenous GH. Once mammary tumors reached 1 cm3 in size, exogenous GH was withdrawn from SDRs, and the subset that harbored tumors that continued or resumed growth in the absence of GH were selected for doxorubicin treatment. Doxorubicin was then administered in 6 injections over 2 weeks at 2.5 mg/kg or 1.25 mg/kg for both the WT and SDR groups. The SDR mammary tumors that had been growing in the absence of GH regressed at both doxorubicin doses while WT tumors continued to grow robustly. The regression of SDR mammary tumors treated with 1.25 mg/kg doxorubicin was accompanied by reduced proliferation and dramatically higher apoptosis relative to the WT mammary tumors treated with 1.25 mg/kg doxorubicin. These data suggest that downregulating GH signaling may decrease the doxorubicin dose necessary to effectively treat breast cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
We genetically engineered expression of an activated form of P110 alpha, the catalytic subunit of PI3K, in mouse prostate epithelium to create a mouse model of direct PI3K activation (Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ ). We hypothesized that direct activation would cause rapid neoplasia and cancer progression. Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ mice developed widespread prostate intraepithelial hyperplasia, but stromal invasion was limited and overall progression was slower than anticipated. However, the model produced profound and progressive stromal remodeling prior to explicit epithelial neoplasia. Increased stromal cellularity and inflammatory infiltrate were evident as early as 4 months of age and progressively increased through 12 months of age, the terminal endpoint of this study. Prostatic collagen density and phosphorylated SMAD2-positive prostatic stromal cells were expansive and accumulated with age, consistent with pro-fibrotic TGF-ß pathway activation. Few reported mouse models accumulate prostate-specific collagen to the degree observed in Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ . Our results indicate a signaling process beginning with prostatic epithelial PI3K and TGF-ß signaling that drives prostatic stromal hypertrophy and collagen accumulation. These mice afford a unique opportunity to explore molecular mechanisms of prostatic collagen accumulation that is relevant to cancer progression, metastasis, inflammation and urinary dysfunction. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assuntos
Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/fisiologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Próstata/enzimologia , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/enzimologia , Envelhecimento/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Epitélio/enzimologia , Masculino , Camundongos Mutantes , Fosforilação , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/enzimologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial/metabolismo , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Transdução de Sinais , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Células Estromais/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: WNT signaling is implicated in embryonic development, and in adult tissue homeostasis, while its deregulation is evident in disease. This study investigates the unique roles of canonical WNT10B in both normal prostate development and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. METHODS: Organ culture and rat ventral prostates (VPs) were used to study Wnt10b ontogeny and growth effect of WNT10B protein. PB-SV40 LTag rat VPs were utilized for Wnt expression polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and immunohistochemistry. Human localized PCa tissue microarrays (TMAs) were investigated for differential WNT10B expression. Human RNA-seq data sets were queried for differential expression of WNT10B in metastatic and localized PCa. Knockdown of WNT10B in PC3 cells was utilized to study its effects on proliferation, stemness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and xenograft propagation. RESULTS: Wnt10b expression was highest at birth and rapidly declined in the postnatal rat VP. Exogenous WNT10B addition to culture developing VPs decreased growth suggesting an antiproliferative role. VPs from PB-SV40 LTag rats with localized PCa showed a 25-fold reduction in Wnt10b messenger RNA (mRNA) expession, confirmed at the protein level. Human PCa TMAs revealed elevated WNT10B protein in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia compared with normal prostates but reduced levels in localized PCa specimens. In contrast, RNA-seq data set of annotated human PCa metastasis found a significant increase in WNT10B mRNA expression compared with localized tumors suggesting stage-specific functions of WNT10B. Similarly, WNT10B mRNA levels were increased in metastatic cell lines PC3, PC3M, as well as in HuSLC, a PCa stem-like cell line, as compared with disease-free primary prostate epithelial cells. WNT10B knockdown in PC3 cells reduced expression of EMT genes, MMP9 and stemness genes NANOG and SOX2 and markedly reduced the stem cell-like side population. Furthermore, loss of WNT10B abrogated the ability of PC3 cells to propagate tumors via serial transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest a dual role for WNT10B in normal development and in PCa progression with opposing functions depending on disease stage. We propose that decreased WNT10B levels in localized cancer allow for a hyperproliferative state, whereas increased levels in advanced disease confer a stemness and malignant propensity which is mitigated by knocking down WNT10B levels. This raises the potential for WNT10B as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa.
Assuntos
Próstata/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Proteínas Wnt/fisiologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Regulação para Baixo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Transplante de Neoplasias , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Células PC-3 , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/análise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Wnt/análise , Proteínas Wnt/genéticaRESUMO
Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC)-based cancer therapies intended to elicit antitumor T-cell responses have limited efficacy in most clinical trials. However, potent and sustained antitumor activity in a limited number of patients highlights the therapeutic potential of moDCs. In vitro culture conditions used to generate moDCs can be inconsistent, and moDCs generated in vitro are less effective than natural DCs. On the basis of our study highlighting the ability for certain kinase inhibitors to enhance tumor antigenicity, we therefore screened kinase inhibitors for their ability to improve DC immunogenicity. We identified AKT inhibitor MK2206, DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441, and MEK inhibitor trametinib as the compounds most effective at modulating moDC immunogenicity. The combination of these drugs, referred to as MKNUTRA, enhanced moDC activity over treatment with individual drugs while exhibiting minimal toxicity. An evaluation of 335 activation and T-cell-suppressive surface proteins on moDCs revealed that MKNUTRA treatment more effectively matured cells and reduced the expression of tolerogenic proteins as compared with control moDCs. MKNUTRA treatment imparted to ICT107, a glioblastoma (GBM) DC-based vaccine that has completed phase II trials, an increased ability to stimulate patient-derived autologous CD8+ T cells against the brain tumor antigens IL13Rα2(345-354) and TRP2(180-188) In vivo, treating ICT107 with MKNUTRA, prior to injection into mice with an established GBM tumor, reduced tumor growth kinetics. This response was associated with an increased frequency of tumor-reactive lymphocytes within tumors and in peripheral tissues. These studies broaden the application of targeted anticancer drugs and highlight their ability to increase moDC immunogenicity.
Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Comunicação Celular , Cromonas/farmacologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Higher plants are well known for their value in affording clinically useful anticancer agents, with such compounds acting against cancer cells by a range of mechanisms of action. There remains a strong interest in the discovery and development of plant secondary metabolites as additional cancer chemotherapeutic lead compounds. In the present review, progress on the discovery of plant-derived compounds of the biflavonoid, lignan, sesquiterpene, steroid, and xanthone structural types is presented. Several potential anticancer leads of these types have been characterized from tropical plants collected in three countries as part of our ongoing collaborative multi-institutional project. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and work on in vivo testing and cellular mechanisms of action are also discussed. In addition, the relevant work reported by other groups on the same compound classes is included herein.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Plantas/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Breast tumors reprogram their cellular metabolism, nutrient uptake, and utilization-associated biochemical processes. These processes become further transformed as genetically predisposed metastatic breast tumor cells colonize specific organs. Breast tumor cells often metastasize to the brain, bone, lung and liver. Massagué and colleagues isolated organotropic subclones and established organ-specific gene signatures associated with lung-, bone-, and brain-specific metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. Using these genetically characterized metastatic subclones specific to lung (LM4175), bone (BoM1833), and brain (BrM-2a), we evaluated marine natural products for the ability to differentially suppress metastatic breast cancer cells in a target organ-dependent manner. Psammaplin-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were found to differentially inhibit HDAC activity, induce activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and disrupt organotropic metastatic TNBC subclone growth. Further, psammaplins distinctly suppressed the outgrowth of BoM1833 tumor spheroids in 3D-culture systems. Similar results were observed with the prototypical HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). These organotropic tumor cell-based studies suggest the potential application of HDAC inhibitors that may yield new directions for anti-metastatic breast tumor research and drug discovery.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Organismos Aquáticos , Dissulfetos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Poríferos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Dissulfetos/química , Dissulfetos/isolamento & purificação , Dissulfetos/uso terapêutico , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais/métodos , Feminino , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Esferoides Celulares , Tirosina/química , Tirosina/isolamento & purificação , Tirosina/farmacologia , Tirosina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a lethal gynecological malignancy with a need for new therapeutics. Many of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs are derived from natural products or their semi-synthetic derivatives. We have developed potent synthetic analogues of a class of compounds known as phyllanthusmins, inspired by natural products isolated from Phyllanthus poilanei Beille. The most potent analogue, PHY34, had the highest potency in HGSOC cell lines in vitro and displayed cytotoxic activity through activation of apoptosis. PHY34 exerts its cytotoxic effects by inhibiting autophagy at a late stage in the pathway, involving the disruption of lysosomal function. The autophagy activator, rapamycin, combined with PHY34 eliminated apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy inhibition may be required for apoptosis. PHY34 was readily bioavailable through intraperitoneal administration in vivo where it significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines in hollow fibers, as well as reduced tumor burden in a xenograft model. We demonstrate that PHY34 acts as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with nanomolar potency and significant antitumor efficacy as a single agent against HGSOC in vivo This class of compounds holds promise as a potential, novel chemotherapeutic and demonstrates the effectiveness of targeting the autophagic pathway as a viable strategy for combating ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2123-35. ©2018 AACR.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The cell extracts of two cultured freshwater Nostoc spp., UIC 10279 and UIC 10366, both from the suburbs of Chicago, showed antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of five glycosylated cylindrocyclophanes, named ribocyclophanes A-E (1-5) and cylindrocyclophane D (6). The structure determination was carried out by HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR analyses and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The structures of ribocyclophanes A-E (1-5) contain a ß-d-ribopyranose glycone in the rare 1 C4 conformation. Among isolated compounds, ribocyclophane D (4) showed antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with an IC50 value of less than 1 µM.
Assuntos
Éteres Cíclicos/química , Éteres Cíclicos/farmacologia , Nostoc/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X/métodos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Água Doce/microbiologia , Glicosilação , Humanos , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear BiomolecularRESUMO
Multiple therapeutic opportunities have been suggested for compounds capable of selective activation of metabotropic glutamate 3 (mGlu3) receptors, but small molecule tools are lacking. As part of our ongoing efforts to identify potent, selective, and systemically bioavailable agonists for mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor subtypes, a series of C4ß-N-linked variants of (1 S,2 S,5 R,6 S)-2-amino-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 1 (LY354740) were prepared and evaluated for both mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor binding affinity and functional cellular responses. From this investigation we identified (1 S,2 S,4 S,5 R,6 S)-2-amino-4-[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 8p (LY2794193), a molecule that demonstrates remarkable mGlu3 receptor selectivity. Crystallization of 8p with the amino terminal domain of hmGlu3 revealed critical binding interactions for this ligand with residues adjacent to the glutamate binding site, while pharmacokinetic assessment of 8p combined with its effect in an mGlu2 receptor-dependent behavioral model provides estimates for doses of this compound that would be expected to selectively engage and activate central mGlu3 receptors in vivo.
Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/síntese química , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/síntese química , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/agonistas , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacocinética , Cristalografia por Raios X , AMP Cíclico/farmacologia , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacocinética , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fenciclidina/antagonistas & inibidores , Fenciclidina/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
(+)-Strebloside, a cardiac glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Streblus asper collected in Vietnam, has shown some potential for further investigation as an antineoplastic agent. A mechanistic study using an in vitro assay and molecular docking analysis indicated that (+)-strebloside binds and inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase in a similar manner to digitoxin. Inhibition of growth of different high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells including OVCAR3, OVSAHO, Kuramochi, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, and OVCAR8 resulted from treatment with (+)-strebloside. Furthermore, this compound blocked cell cycle progression at the G2 phase and induced PARP cleavage, indicating apoptosis activation in OVCAR3 cells. (+)-Strebloside potently inhibited mutant p53 expression through the induction of ERK pathways and inhibited NF-κB activity in human ovarian cancer cells. However, in spite of its antitumor potential, the overall biological activity of (+)-strebloside must be regarded as being typical of better-known cardiac glycosides such as digoxin and ouabain. Further chemical alteration of cardiac glycosides might help to reduce negative side effects while increasing cancer cell cytotoxicity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/farmacologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/química , Digoxina/farmacologia , Feminino , Células HT29 , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares , Ouabaína/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Pyridylmethylsulfonamide series were the first reported example of positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of the mGlu2 receptor. The hydroxyacetophenone scaffold is a second series of mGlu2 PAMs we have identified. This series of molecules are potent mGlu2 potentiators and possess significant CysLT1 (cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1) antagonist activity, showing in vivo efficacy in a dural plasma protein extravasation (PPE) model of migraine. In this paper, we describe the dual SAR, pharmacokinetics and preclinical in vivo efficacy data for a tetrazole containing hydroxyacetophenone scaffold.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Leucotrienos/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Regulação Alostérica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/agonistas , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonamidas/químicaRESUMO
Three new (1-3) and two known (4 and 5) cytotoxic cardiac glycosides were isolated and characterized from a medicinal plant, Streblus asper Lour. (Moraceae), collected in Vietnam, with six new analogues and one known derivative (5a-g) synthesized from (+)-strebloside (5). A preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that the C-10 formyl and C-5 and C-14 hydroxy groups and C-3 sugar unit play important roles in the mediation of the cytotoxicity of (+)-strebloside (5) against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. When evaluated in NCr nu/nu mice implanted intraperitoneally with hollow fibers facilitated with either MDA-MB-231 human breast or OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cells, (+)-strebloside (5) showed significant cell growth inhibitory activity in both cases, in the dose range 5-30 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/farmacologia , Moraceae/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HT29 , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Plantas Medicinais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , VietnãRESUMO
Recent progress is described in an ongoing collaborative multidisciplinary research project directed towards the purification, structural characterization, chemical modification, and biological evaluation of new potential natural product anticancer agents obtained from a diverse group of organisms, comprising tropical plants, aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria, and filamentous fungi. Information is provided on how these organisms are collected and processed. The types of bioassays are indicated in which initial extracts, chromatographic fractions, and purified isolated compounds of these acquisitions are tested. Several promising biologically active lead compounds from each major organism class investigated are described, and these may be seen to be representative of a very wide chemical diversity.