RESUMO
Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) mutations are the most frequently detected gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are considered a favorable prognostic factor. We retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of 605 Japanese patients with de novo AML, including 174 patients with NPM1-mutated AML. Although patients with NPM1-mutated AML showed a high remission rate, this was not a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS); this is contrary to generally accepted guidelines. Comprehensive gene mutation analysis showed that mutations in codon R882 of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3AR882 mutations) were a strong predicative factor indicating poor prognosis in all AML (p < 0.0001) and NPM1-mutated AML cases (p = 0.0020). Furthermore, multivariate analysis of all AML cases showed that DNMT3AR882 mutations and the co-occurrence of internal tandem duplication in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD), NPM1 mutations, and DNMT3AR882 mutations (triple mutations) were independent factors predicting a poor prognosis related to OS, with NPM1 mutations being an independent factor for a favorable prognosis (hazard ratios: DNMT3AR882 mutations, 1.946; triple mutations, 1.992, NPM1 mutations, 0.548). Considering the effects of DNMT3AR882 mutations and triple mutations on prognosis and according to the classification of NPM1-mutated AML into three risk groups based on DNMT3AR882 /FLT3-ITD genotypes, we achieved the improved stratification of prognosis (p < 0.0001). We showed that DNMT3AR882 mutations are an independent factor for poor prognosis; moreover, when confounding factors that include DNMT3AR882 mutations were excluded, NPM1 mutations were a favorable prognostic factor. This revealed that ethnological prognostic discrepancies in NPM1 mutations might be corrected through prognostic stratification based on the DNMT3A status.
Assuntos
DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutação , Nucleofosmina/genética , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Recent studies have reported that measurable residual disease (MRD) analysis using NPM1 mutations helps determine whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is indicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the optimal timing and cutoff value for measuring MRD using genomic DNA remain undetermined. This study aimed to investigate the optimal timing and cutoff value to ascertain the value of NPM1 mutation in MRD assessment. NPM1-mutated MRD was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction of bone marrow samples from 56 patients with NPM1-positive AML who achieved hematological remission. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was greatest when MRD was assessed after two courses of post-remission therapy with a cutoff value of 0.010% (specificity, 68.4%; sensitivity, 87.0%). Patients whose MRD was below the cutoff value throughout the course of treatment had significantly better overall survival and relapse-free survival rates. Of the 33 patients who did not undergo transplantation during the first remission, all of the 11 who were never MRD-negative at any point experienced a relapse. Evaluating MRD with a cutoff value of 0.010% after two courses of post-remission therapy helps predict prognosis and determine the indication for allo-HSCT.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Mutação , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Residual/genética , Nucleofosmina , Prognóstico , RecidivaRESUMO
Mutations of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPAmu) are found in 10% to 15% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Double-mutated CEBPA (CEBPAdm) is associated with a favorable prognosis; however, single-mutated CEBPA (CEBPAsm) does not seem to improve prognosis. We investigated CEBPAmu for prognosis in 1028 patients with AML, registered in the Multi-center Collaborative Program for Gene Sequencing of Japanese AML. It was found that CEBPAmu in the basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) was strongly associated with a favorable prognosis, but CEBPAmu out of the bZIP domain was not. The presence of CEBPAmu in bZIP was a strong indicator of a higher chance of achieving complete remission (P < .001), better overall survival (OS; P < .001) and a lower risk of relapse (P < .001). The prognostic significance of CEBPAmu in bZIP was also observed in the subgroup with CEBPAsm (all patients: OS, P = .008; the cumulative incidence of relapse, P = .063; patients aged ≤70 years and with intermediate-risk karyotype: OS, P = .008; cumulative incidence of relapse, P = .026). Multivariate analysis of 744 patients aged ≤70 years showed that CEBPAmu in bZIP was the most potent predictor of OS (hazard ratio, 0.3287; P < .001). CEBPAdm was validated as a cofounding factor, which was overlapping with CEBPAmu in bZIP. In summary, these findings indicate that CEBPAmu in bZIP is a potent marker for AML prognosis. It holds potential in the refinement of treatment stratification and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches in CEBPA-mutated AML.
Assuntos
Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Idoso , Proteína alfa Estimuladora de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Humanos , Cariótipo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Mutação , PrognósticoAssuntos
Doença de Hodgkin , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Antraciclinas/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Salvação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 70-year-old man visited our emergency department, whose laboratory test results revealed leucocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, the peripheral blood smear revealed neutrophilic granulocytes with nuclear hypolobation (pseudo-Pelger-Hüet anomaly), hypogranulation and no myeloperoxidase reactivity. Genetic testing of the peripheral blood sample was as follows: G-band, 46XY,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) (20/20); fluorescence in situ hybridisation BCR/ABL fusion signal, 97%; and analysis of exons 5-9 of the p53 gene, mutation (Pro72Arg) in exon 4 protein. On the basis of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in chronic phase with a p53 mutation and treated with hydroxyurea, dasatinib and nilotinib. Neutrophilic granulocytes with the anomalies were no longer observed after achieving cytogenetic remission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CML case with the anomalies, in which a p53 mutation without chromosome 17 abnormalities was identified.
Assuntos
Granulócitos/patologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Anomalia de Pelger-Huët/diagnóstico , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangue , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Masculino , Anomalia de Pelger-Huët/sangue , Anomalia de Pelger-Huët/complicaçõesRESUMO
We report a 69-year-old male with CD3-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-nos). Interestingly, tumor cells slightly expressed CD20 as well. Southern analyses of the tumor cells showed rearrangement for only the T cell receptor gene but not the immunoglobulin genes. This patient achieved partial remission with a treatment regimen of THP-COP excluding prednisolone, but died of pneumonia. Although CD20-positive PTCL is rare, a review of the reported cases suggests that CD20-positive PTCL has a poor prognosis and that bone marrow infiltration of tumor cells results in a poorer prognosis in CD20-positive PTCL than in usual PTCL. By accumulating cases of this rare entity of lymphoma, we need to clarify the biological nature of the tumor cells and usefulness of rituximab combined with standard chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD20 , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Evolução Fatal , Citometria de Fluxo , Rearranjo Gênico , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Rituximab , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We previously tested a less toxic CAG regimen consisting of low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory myeloid malignancies or elderly patients with untreated ones, obtaining a satisfactory complete remission rate of 62%. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, an anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, has recently been approved as a single agent in Japan for the treatment of relapsed/refractory CD33-positive acute myelogenous leukemia (9 mg/m(2) on days1 and 15). Complete remission rate was reported as 30% in a phase 2 trial in Japan. In this study, effectiveness and safety of combining dose-attenuated gemtuzumab ozogamicin (3 mg/m(2) on day5) and original CAG regimen were assessed in nine patients with relapsed/refractory CD33-positive acute myelogenous leukemia and a median age of 70 years. Rate of complete remission with or without platelet recovery was 44% (4/9). The median duration of complete remission and overall survival were 5.5 and 16 months, respectively. Reversible myelosuppression and liver toxicity were the main adverse events, but no regimen-related death was recorded. Although only a small number of cases were included in this preliminary study, this CAG-GO regimen was found to be feasible and useful even in high-risk relapsed or refractory patients.
Assuntos
Aminoglicosídeos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Antígenos CD , Antígenos de Diferenciação Mielomonocítica , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Aclarubicina/administração & dosagem , Aclarubicina/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Aminoglicosídeos/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Gemtuzumab , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/administração & dosagem , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/imunologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão , Lectina 3 Semelhante a Ig de Ligação ao Ácido Siálico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
It is well known that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher risk of developing malignant lymphoma (ML) than the general population. Most of these lymphomas occur in patients receiving immunosuppressive (IS) agents such as methotrexate (MTX). Spontaneous regression of tumors is often observed after the discontinuation of IS drugs, especially in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoma. Here we encountered an RA patient who developed extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type during treatment of RA with MTX and etanercept. Despite the discontinuation of MTX and etanercept, the tumor did not show any regression. Complete response was achieved after treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. ML of NK-cell origin is extremely rare, while the majority of ML cases associated with RA are of B-cell origin. This report describes extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type case associated with RA. Such cases should be accumulated to evaluate the mechanism of onset and clinical characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma associated with RA.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Células Matadoras Naturais , Linfoma de Células T/etiologia , Neoplasias Nasais/etiologia , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Etanercepte , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/efeitos adversos , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Malignant lymphoma (ML) is frequently associated with several forms of collagen diseases such as Sjören syndrome, systemic lupus erythematodes, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the occurrence of ML in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients has rarely been reported. Here we report an SSc patient who developed mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (MLBCL). A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed as having SSc in August 2007. The patient was treated with low-dose prednisolone (10 mg/day) without any effect. One year after the diagnosis, chest computed tomography-scan demonstrated thymic tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Thymectomy was performed, and a pathohistological diagnosis of MLBCL was established. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for CD45 and CD20, but negative for CD30 and EBV-encoded RNA. The patient was treated with 6 courses of CHOP regimen, resulting in complete remission of lymphoma. This report describes the first SSc patient associated with MLBCL. SSc patients occasionally develop ML after a relatively short interval. Our case suggests that intensive monitoring for the development of ML is needed in newly diagnosed SSc patients.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/etiologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Neoplasias do Timo/etiologia , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Indução de Remissão , Timectomia , Neoplasias do Timo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Timo/patologia , Neoplasias do Timo/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
A 63-year-old male presented with fever and general malaise in June 2004. On admission hepatosplenomegaly was apparent, but without lymphadenopathy. The laboratory examination revealed pancytopenia and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, direct bilirubin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Histological analysis of the bone marrow biopsy specimen demonstrated proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells positive for CD20 in the small capillaries, leading to the diagnosis of the Asian variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (AIVL). The presence of rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene confirmed the diagnosis. The patient responded well to CHOP therapy followed by seven courses of rituximab-combined CHOP therapy and has remained in complete remission up to the present. This case implies that bone marrow biopsy could be a useful examination for diagnosing AIVL and that rituximab-combinedchemotherapy could improve survival in patients with the disease.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/patologia , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Antígenos CD20/análise , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Povo Asiático , Biópsia , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/classificação , Linfoma de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/classificação , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Rituximab , Neoplasias Vasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Vasculares/imunologia , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
A 63-year-old female was diagnosed as having Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myelomonocytic leukemia in June 2002. The patient received monotherapy with imatinib mesylate or combination therapy with DCM and idarubicin/cytarabine, both of which failed in attaining disease remission. However, the second imatinib administration plus CAG therapy resulted in disappearance of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clone and increase of Philadelphia chromosome-negative cells. During a therapy-withholding period due to fungal infection, the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clone expanded and the patient died of cerebral hemorrhage in February 2003. The transient suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clone may have brought about amplification of the Philadelphia chromosome-negative cells after the secondary imatinib treatment.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Crônica Atípica BCR-ABL Negativa , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Benzamidas , Células Clonais , Feminino , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/tratamento farmacológico , Taquicardia Ventricular/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Rituximab , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 26-year-old woman was diagnosed as having autoimmune hemolytic anemia in September 2002. Her eosinophil count was already high (2,190/microliter) at that time. She received prednisolone therapy with a good response and was released from the treatment in April 2003. Eosinophil numbers were within the normal range under the prednisolone administration. However, they began to increase after its completion. No underlying causes for the eosinophilia were evident. When the eosinophil count reached 5,474/microliter, the patient developed massive pleural effusion as well as palpebral swelling and myalgia, leading to a diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Re-administration of prednisolone resulted in the disappearance of these symptoms and eosinophilia. Her eosinophils seemed to have reactivated after cessation of the prednisolone therapy and infiltrated into her organs.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Hipereosinofílica/etiologia , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Adulto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Ten patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome who had achieved complete remission following treatment with the CAG regimen were monitored for peripheral blood WT1 expression mRNA levels. Induction therapy with the CAG regimen did not seem to be enough to lower WT1 expression levels to the normal range. In comparison with patients who received intensive chemotherapy for post-remission therapy, those who received only CAG therapy showed higher levels of WT1 expression and more easily relapsed. These data suggest that CAG therapy alone might not be sufficient to maintain complete remission and WT1 monitoring could be useful in the choice of appropriate post-remission therapy after achieving remission with the CAG regimen.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/genética , Aclarubicina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed as having pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in 1983. Her serum and IgG inhibited erythroid colony formation of bone marrow cells from a normal individual, suggesting antibody-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. She was first successfully treated with corticosteroids, azathiopurine and cyclophosphamide. However, she relapsed in 1995 and her anemia became refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. In 1998, she developed systemic lymph node enlargement and was diagnosed as having B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma. Combination chemotherapy resulted in regression of the lesion, but failed to improve the anemia. In this patient's case, we can speculate that B cells producing autoantibodies against erythroid cells have undergone transformation, or alternatively that the immunosuppressive state caused by the PRCA therapy promoted generation of a neoplastic B cell clone.