RESUMO
While high-level evidence is lacking, numerous retrospective studies have depicted the value of supplemental oxygen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases, and its use should be encouraged where necessary. The clinical course and survival of patients with IPF who have been introduced to oxygen therapy is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to clarify overall survival, factors associated with prognosis, and causes of death in IPF patients after the start of oxygen therapy. This is a prospective cohort multicenter study, enrolling patients with IPF who started oxygen therapy at 19 hospitals with expertise in interstitial lung disease. Baseline clinical data at the start of oxygen therapy and 3-year follow-up data including death and cause of death were assessed. Factors associated with prognosis were analyzed using univariable and multivariable analyses. One hundred forty-seven eligible patients, of whom 86 (59%) were prescribed ambulatory oxygen therapy and 61 (41%) were prescribed long-term oxygen therapy, were recruited. Of them, 111 died (76%) during a median follow-up of 479 days. The median survival from the start of oxygen therapy was 537 ± 74 days. In the univariable analysis, low body mass index (BMI), low forced vital capacity (FVC), low diffusion capacity (DLCO), resting hypoxemia, short 6 min-walk distance, and high COPD assessment test (CAT) score were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariable analysis revealed low BMI, low FVC, low DLCO, low minimum SpO2 on 6MWT, and high CAT score were independent factors for poor prognosis. The overall survival of IPF patients after starting oxygen therapy is about 1.5 years. In addition to pulmonary function tests, 6MWT and patient reported outcomes can be used to predict prognosis more accurately.Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN000009322.
Assuntos
Asma , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Oxigênio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a DNA sensor that responds to pathogens and induces type I interferon production. Herein, the role of STING in house dust mite extract (HDM)-induced allergic asthma was investigated. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Sting-/- mice were intratracheally sensitized with HDM, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), sera, lungs, and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) were analyzed. The total and HDM-specific serum IgE levels were lower in Sting-/- mice than in WT mice. B cell and IgE-positive B cell proportion in BALF and MLNs, respectively, was significantly lower in Sting-/- mice than in WT mice. Additionally, cyclic GMP-AMP, a STING ligand, augmented total and HDM-specific serum IgE levels and B cell proportion in BALF when applied in combination with HDM. To elucidate the role of STING in IgE production, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which are involved in B cell maturation, were investigated. Tfh cell proportion in MLNs decreased in Sting-/- mice, and IL-4 and IL-13 production by HDM-restimulated MLN cells from HDM-sensitized mice was decreased in Sting-/- mice compared with WT mice. Thus, STING plays an important role in the maturation and class switching of IgE-producing B cells in allergic inflammation via Tfh cells.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Asma/genética , Imunoglobulina E/biossíntese , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Animais , Asma/etiologia , Asma/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Feminino , Switching de Imunoglobulina , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Interleucina-13/biossíntese , Interleucina-13/genética , Interleucina-4/biossíntese , Interleucina-4/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/deficiência , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nucleotídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Pyroglyphidae , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares/imunologiaRESUMO
IL-17A and IL-17F are both involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic inflammation observed in COPD and severe asthma. To explore this, mice deficient in both Il17a and Il17f and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or environmental air for 5 to 28 days and changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. We also measured the mRNA expression of keratinocyte derived chemokine (Kc), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (Mip2), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (Gmcsf) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp9 ) in lung tissue after 8 days, and lung morphometric changes after 24 weeks of exposure to cigarette smoke compared to air-exposed control animals. Macrophage counts in BAL fluid initially peaked at day 8 and again on day 28, while neutrophil counts peaked between day 8 and 12 in WT mice. Mice dual deficient with Il17a and 1l17f showed similar kinetics with macrophages and neutrophils, but cell numbers at day 8 and mRNA expression of Kc, Gmcsf and Mmp9 were significantly reduced. Furthermore, airspaces in WT mice became larger after cigarette smoke exposure for 24 weeks, whereas this was not seen dual Il17a and 1l17f deficient mice. Combined Il17a and Il17f deficiency resulted in significant attenuation of neutrophilic inflammatory response and protection against structural lung changes after long term cigarette smoke exposure compared with WT mice. Dual IL-17A/F signalling plays an important role in pro-inflammatory responses associated with histological changes induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
Assuntos
Fumar Cigarros , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Interleucina-17/deficiência , Pulmão/imunologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/prevenção & controle , Doença Aguda , Animais , Doença Crônica , Fumar Cigarros/genética , Fumar Cigarros/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/genética , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/imunologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as evolutionary treatments for malignant diseases. Although ICIs can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in various organs, precise timing after ICI initiation has been scarcely reported. Elucidating the effects of irAEs, such as time to onset, involvement of major organs, influence on progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), are critical issues for physicians. Furthermore, lung-irAE as a whole is not well known.We conducted a retrospective study of 156 patients who were treated with ICIs and compared 82 irAE patients with 74 non-irAE patients.This study clearly demonstrated that the preferred period after induction of ICIs was significantly longer in lung-irAE than in other major organs (skin, digestive tract, and endocrine). The effect of irAEs on PFS and OS was evident PFS in the irAE group (nâ=â82) (median 128âdays, interquartile range [IQR] 62-269âdays, Pâ=â.002) was significantly longer than that in the non-irAE group (nâ=â74) (median 53âdays, IQR 33-151âdays). Similarly, OS was significantly longer in the irAE group (median 578âdays, IQR 274-1027âdays, Pâ=â.007) than in the non-irAE group (median 464âdays, IQR: 209-842âdays). However, this positive effect of irAEs in the lungs was not proportional to the extent of severity.Lung-irAEs can occur at a later phase than non-lung-irAEs and seemed not to prolong OS and PFS. However, further studies are needed to support these findings.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a critical issue for physicians. However, no study has reported a simple and useful diagnostic or predictive marker for CM.This study aimed to elucidate the potential markers for diagnosing CM derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).We retrospectively enrolled 78 lung cancer patients with suspected CM during the clinical course, including 42 CM and 36 non-CM patients. We compared the clinical and CSF findings, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), between CM and non-CM patients, and explored the diagnostic markers for early identification of CM as well as the contributing factors for mortality.On CSF analysis, with cutoff values of CEA ≥5âng/ml, total protein (TP) in CSF ≥45âg/dl, and total cell count (TCC) ≥7âcells/µL, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for CM were 85.7%, 84.6%, and 0.887 (95% CI: 0.758-1.0, Pâ<â.001); 80.5%, 69.4%, and 0.755 (95% CI: 0.646-0.865, Pâ<â.001); and 56.1%, 100%, and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.722-0.912, Pâ<â.001), respectively. TP levels in CSF ≥the patients' age had a sensitivity, specificity, and an AUC of 48.8%, 77.8%, and 0.633 (95% CI: 0.722-0.912, Pâ=â.045) for CM, respectively. Among CM patients, patients with 'TP in CSF (>patients' age)" (nâ=â19, Pâ=â.008) showed significantly shorter 90-day survival probability than the residual patients (nâ=â20). None of the CSF parameters could predict the risk of mortality on Cox regression analysis.The cutoff value of CEA ≥5âng/ml in CSF is a simple and useful method with a high diagnostic value for CM diagnosis, but not a suitable predicting factor for mortality. 'TP in CSF >patients' age" might be a novel factor for assessing short-term mortality.
Assuntos
Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Proteínas do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinomatose Meníngea/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Contagem de Células/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Masculino , Carcinomatose Meníngea/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Carcinomatose Meníngea/mortalidade , Carcinomatose Meníngea/secundário , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
RATIONALE: Severe eosinophilic asthma is characterized by airway eosinophilia and corticosteroid-resistance, commonly overlapping with type 2 inflammation. It has been reported that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) is involved in the exacerbation of asthma by RNA virus infections. Indeed, treatment with a virus-associated ligand and a T helper type 2 cell (Th2) cytokine can synergistically stimulate CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells. We aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying CCL5 production in this in vitro model and to assess the potential of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) as a novel therapeutic target via the use of ruxolitinib. METHODS: We stimulated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and BEAS-2B cells with poly(I:C) along with interleukin-13 (IL-13) or IL-4, and assessed CCL5 production. We also evaluated the signals involved in virus- and Th2-cytokine-induced CCL5 production and explored a therapeutic agent that attenuates the CCL5 production. RESULTS: Poly(I:C) stimulated NHBE and BEAS-2B cells to produce CCL5. Poly(I:C) and IL-13 increased CCL5 production. Poly(I:C)-induced CCL5 production occurred via the TLR3-IRF3 and IFNAR/JAK1-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, but not the IFNAR/JAK1-STATs pathway. In addition, IL-13 did not augment poly(I:C)-induced CCL5 production via the canonical IL-13R/IL-4R/JAK1-STAT6 pathway but likely via subsequent TLR3-IRF3-IFNAR/JAK1-PI3K pathways. JAK1 was identified to be a potential therapeutic target for severe eosinophilic asthma. The JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was demonstrated to more effectively decrease CCL5 production in BEAS-2B cells than fluticasone propionate. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that JAK1 is a possible therapeutic target for severe corticosteroid-resistant asthma with airway eosinophilia and persistent Th2-type inflammation, and that ruxolitinib has potential as an alternative pharmacotherapy.
Assuntos
Asma , Citocinas , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Brônquios , Quimiocina CCL5 , Células Epiteliais , Humanos , Nitrilas , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Pirazóis , PirimidinasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A randomised controlled trial in Japan showed that inhaled N-acetylcysteine monotherapy stabilised serial decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in some patients with early idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with an antifibrotic agent and inhaled N-acetylcysteine are unknown. METHODS: This 48-week, randomised, open-label, multicentre phase 3 trial compared the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with pirfenidone plus inhaled N-acetylcysteine 352.4â mg twice daily with the results for pirfenidone alone in patients with IPF. The primary end-point was annual rate of decline in FVC. Exploratory efficacy measurements included serial change in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D LCO) and 6-min walk distance (6MWD), progression-free survival (PFS), incidence of acute exacerbation, and tolerability. RESULTS: 81 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive pirfenidone plus inhaled N-acetylcysteine (n=41) or pirfenidone (n=40). The 48-week rate of change in FVC was -300â mL and -123â mL, respectively (difference -178â mL, 95% CI -324--31 mL; p=0.018). Serial change in D LCO, 6MWD, PFS and incidence of acute exacerbation did not significantly differ between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events (n=19 (55.9%) for pirfenidone plus N-acetylcysteine; n=18 (50%) for pirfenidone alone) was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment with inhaled N-acetylcysteine and pirfenidone is likely to result in worse outcomes for IPF.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Japão , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Capacidade VitalRESUMO
During bronchoscopy, discomfort is mainly caused by an unavoidable cough; however, there are no reports of any predictive factors for strong cough during bronchoscopy identified before the procedure. To clarify the factors underlying the discomfort status and predictive factors for strong cough during bronchoscopy, we prospectively evaluated patients who underwent bronchoscopy at Kyorin University Hospital between March 2018 and July 2019. Before and after bronchoscopy, the enrolled patients answered a questionnaire regarding the procedure. At the same time, bronchoscopists evaluated cough severity using a four-grade cough scale. We evaluated patient characteristics and predictive factors associated with bronchoscopy from the perspective of discomfort and strong cough. A total of 172 patients were ultimately enrolled in this study. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, comparison of the subjective data between the discomfort and comfort groups revealed that factors that were more common in the former group were younger age (OR = 0.96, p = 0.002), less experienced bronchoscopist (OR = 2.08, p = 0.047), and elevation of cough score per 1 point (OR = 1.69, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the predictive factors for strong cough prior to performing bronchoscopy were female sex (OR = 2.57, p = 0.009), EBUS-TBNA (OR = 2.95, p = 0.004), and prolonged examination time of more than 36 min (OR = 2.32, p = 0.022). Regarding patients' discomfort, younger age, less experienced bronchoscopist, and the elevation of cough score per 1 point were important factors for discomfort in bronchoscopy. On the other hand, female sex, EBUS-TBNA, and prolonged examination time were crucial factors for strong cough.
Assuntos
Broncoscopia/efeitos adversos , Tosse/etiologia , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Broncoscopia/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Caracteres Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A 39-year-old man was admitted to our university hospital because of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray. He had been diagnosed with T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma three years before and had been treated with chemotherapy and cord blood stem cell transplantation twice. Although he had neither blast cells in the peripheral blood nor leucocytosis, urgent bronchoscopy findings demonstrated blast cells invading both the alveolar spaces/alveolar septa and the vein walls. These pathological findings corresponded to ground-glass opacities and thickening of the interlobular septa on thoracic computed tomography (CT). In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma patients presenting with infiltrates on thoracic CT, leukaemic pulmonary involvement should be considered in the differential diagnoses, even in the absence of hyperleucocytosis or blast cells in the blood, similar to pulmonary involvement in myeloid leukaemias.
RESUMO
An 82-year-old man was presented to our hospital due to epigastric and right hypochondrial pain 17 weeks after the initiation of intravenous treatment with nivolumab for recurrent lung adenocarcinoma as multiple lung and sternal metastases. Urgent gastroscopy revealed macroscopic duodenitis such as severe erythema, oedema, black-coloured erosions, and ulcers located throughout the second portion of the duodenum, which was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography as circumferential thickening of the duodenal wall. Those lesions were pathologically considered as non-specific inflammation and spontaneously disappeared within a month, suggesting nivolumab-induced immune-related adverse events.
RESUMO
Most patients with liver cysts are asymptomatic and require no treatment. In this patient with symptoms and restrictive ventilatory impairment, percutaneous needle aspiration with injection of minocycline hydrochloride was effective.
RESUMO
A 60-year-old woman with a 20-year history of myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated vasculitis visited our hospital due to productive cough and a low-grade fever for several weeks. Thoracic computed tomography demonstrated scattered tiny nodules, patchy consolidation, ground glass opacities, and thickening interlobular septa. On video-assisted thoracic surgery, those abnormalities were found to correspond to the accumulation of hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the alveolar spaces and alveolar septa due to MPO-ANCA vasculitis. The radiological findings persisted for a further two years, indicating the possibility of persistent vasculitis in the lung or evidence of incomplete clearance of hemosiderin-laden AMs.
Assuntos
Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/terapia , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Hemossiderose/diagnóstico , Hemossiderose/terapia , Pneumopatias/terapia , Peroxidase/imunologia , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hemossiderose/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/imunologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosAssuntos
Fístula/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Parede Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fístula/cirurgia , Humanos , Pneumopatias/cirurgia , Masculino , Parede Torácica/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Background and purpose of the study:Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly colonizes the airway of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbates their symptoms. P. aeruginosa carries flagellin that stimulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-5; however, the role of flagellin in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mechanisms of the flagellin-induced innate immune response in bronchial epithelial cells, and to assess the effects of anti-inflammatory agents for treatment. Materials and methods: We stimulated BEAS-2B cells with P. aeruginosa-derived flagellin, and assessed mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. We also used mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitors to assess the signaling pathways involved in flagellin stimulation, and investigated the effect of clinically available anti-inflammatory agents against flagellin-induced inflammation. Results: Flagellin promoted protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells and induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK; p38 phosphorylation-induced IL-6 production, while IL-8 production resulted from p38 and ERK phosphorylation. Fluticasone propionate (FP) and dexamethasone (DEX) suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 production in BEAS-2B cells, but clarithromycin (CAM) failed to do so. Conclusions:P. aeruginosa-derived flagellin-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in bronchial epithelial cells, which partially explains the mechanisms of progression and exacerbation of COPD. Corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for the suppression of flagellin-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in the bronchial epithelial cells.
Assuntos
Brônquios/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Flagelina/imunologia , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/imunologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/imunologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Brônquios/efeitos dos fármacos , Brônquios/microbiologia , Linhagem Celular , Progressão da Doença , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/microbiologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação/imunologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/microbiologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Receptor 5 Toll-Like/imunologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aspiration pneumonia is a serious problem among elderly patients; it is caused by many risk factors including dysphagia, poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, and sedative medications. The aim of this study was to define a convenient procedure to objectively evaluate the risk of aspiration pneumonia in the clinical setting. METHODS: This prospective study included an aspiration pneumonia (AP) group, a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) group, and a control (Con) group (patients hospitalized for lung cancer chemotherapy). We used the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), which assesses oral hygiene, and evaluated performance status, body mass index, serum albumin levels, substance P values in plasma, and oral bacterial counts. RESULTS: The oral health as assessed by the OHAT of the aspiration pneumonia group was significantly impaired compared with that of the CAP group and the control (5.13 ± 0.18, 4.40 ± 0.26, 3.90 ± 0.22, respectively; p < 0.05). The oral bacterial count in the aspiration pneumonia group (7.20 ± 0.11) was significantly higher than that in the CAP group (6.89 ± 0.12), consistent with the OHAT scores. Oral bacterial count was significantly reduced by oral care. CONCLUSIONS: OHAT and oral bacterial counts can be a tool to assess the requirement of taking oral care and other preventive procedures in patients at high risk of aspiration pneumonia.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microbiota/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal , Projetos Piloto , Pneumonia Aspirativa/sangue , Pneumonia Aspirativa/microbiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Pleural effusions are a common medical problem not only for pulmonologists but also for general physicians, often needing thoracentesis for a definite diagnosis. However, thoracentesis cannot always reveal malignant cells or microbiological evidence.In this context, we prospectively enrolled a total of 289 patients with pleural effusions due to diverse etiologies: parapneumonic effusion (PPE) (63), empyema (22), tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) (54), malignant pleural effusion (MPE) (140), or chronic renal failure (CRF)/congestive heart failure (CHF) (10). The MPE group consisted of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, nâ=â90; squamous cell carcinoma, nâ=â5; small cell carcinoma, nâ=â4), malignant lymphoma (nâ=â17), malignant mesothelioma (nâ=â11), malignant melanoma (nâ=â3), and metastasis from other organs (nâ=â10).This study demonstrated that the pleural lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)to adenosine deaminase (ADA) ratios differed significantly between patients with CHF/CRF, MPE, TBPE, empyema, and PPE. We discovered a simple method to differentiate pleural diseases based on the pleural LDH to ADA ratio and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A pleural LDH to ADA ratio greater than 15.5 and a pleural CEA level of less than 5âng/mL is indicative of PPE or empyema rather than TBPE, MPE, or transudative pleural effusion (CRF, CHF).This method has a sensitivity of 62.0%, a specificity of 91.0%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.765 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0678-0.852, Pâ<â.001), odds ratio of 16.6 (95% CI: 7.28-37.8, Pâ<â.001), a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 6.8, and a negative LR of 0.02.
Assuntos
Adenosina Desaminase/análise , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Empiema Pleural/diagnóstico , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/análise , Derrame Pleural Maligno/diagnóstico , Área Sob a Curva , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Empiema Pleural/patologia , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma Maligno , Razão de Chances , Cavidade Pleural/metabolismo , Derrame Pleural Maligno/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A 58-year-old man presented with a two-month history of facial erythema and dry cough. Physical examination revealed typical cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis (DM), including heliotrope rash and shawl sign. A chest X-ray revealed a 4-cm mass in the right middle lung. After bronchoscopy and investigation of auto-antibodies, he was diagnosed with co-occurring transcriptional intermediary factor 1-gamma (TIF1-γ) positive DM and lung adenocarcinoma. He was administered oral prednisolone for subsequent muscle weakness, but developed TIF1-γ positive DM-associated oropharyngeal dysphagia complicated by spontaneous oesophageal rupture and died from progression of chemoresistant lung cancer.
RESUMO
A 51-year-old woman presented with dyspnea that had progressed over the previous year. On a physical examination, harsh, hollow breath sounds with a high-pitched timbre, termed "amphoric breathing", were identified during inspiration and expiration. Chest radiography and thoracic computed tomography performed over the previous three years revealed an enlarging cyst in the right lung arising from an area of consolidation. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (T4 N0 M1a, stage IV) was diagnosed and considered a possible cause of the cyst, resulting in amphoric breathing.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/complicações , Cistos/complicações , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispneia/etiologia , Expiração , Feminino , Humanos , Inalação , Pneumopatias/complicações , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IIC nodular malignant melanoma (T4bN0M0) of the right upper arm. The tumor was treatment-refractory, and left-sided pleural effusion emerged 1.5 years later. Aspiration of pleural fluid revealed abundant amelanotic, atypical cells that resembled epithelial malignant mesothelioma or lung adenocarcinoma cells; these cells were positive for melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells (MART-1)/Melan-A, HMB-45, and S-100 on immunocytochemistry. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed marked diffuse pleural thickening in the left hemithorax that mimicked malignant mesothelioma; thus, the present report describes the unique cytological and radiological findings of this case.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Melanoma Amelanótico/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Pleura/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma Amelanótico/cirurgia , Mesotelioma Maligno , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pleurais/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A 17-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to cough on exertion and right chest pain over the previous two months, together with bloody sputum over the previous week. Chest X-ray demonstrated a nodule measuring 3 cm in diameter in the right middle lung field. On repeated bronchoscopy, the tumour was recognized as a rapidly growing intra-bronchial protruded tumour at the orifice of the right B8. Based on a tentative diagnosis of lung cancer, right lower lobectomy was performed. She was diagnosed with mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma of the bronchus without smoking history and human papillomavirus infection. Solitary endobronchial papillomas are rare but should be considered a differential diagnosis for solitary lung nodule with the potential to develop into carcinoma.