Control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban populations: findings from a cross-sectional prevalence survey in Shenzhen, China.

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among urban populations is generally lower than rural residents, but the disease burden is still high. We conducted a cross-sectional prevalence survey of COPD among residents aged ≥40 years in an emerging city Shenzhen, China from September 2018 to June 2019. Through multi-stage stratified random sampling, a total of 4157 eligible participants were invited to complete a questionnaire and to take the spirometry test; 3591 with available data were enrolled in the final analysis. Individuals were diagnosed with COPD if the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio was less than 0.7. The estimated standardized prevalence of COPD among residents over 40 years old in Shenzhen was 5.92% (95% confidential intervals [CI] 4.05-8.34). Risk factors for COPD included elder age (adjusted odds ratio 1.206, 95% CI 1.120-1.299 per 10-year increase), smoking over 20 pack-years (1.968, 1.367-2.832), history of chronic bronchitis (1.733, 1.036-2.900) or asthma (4.920, 2.425-9.982), and exposure to higher annual minimum concentrations of ambient SO2 (1.156, 1.053-1.270 per 1-µg/m3 increase). Among 280 spirometry-diagnosed patients, most (221, 78.93%) patients were classified as mild COPD (GOLD stage I). This survey found that the prevalence of COPD in Shenzhen is low and most patients had mild symptoms, thus recommended screening using spirometry in primary health care to detect early-stage COPD. Increased risk from the exposure to air pollutants also indicated the urgent need for environmental improvement in city settings.

Effects of minimally invasive approaches on chronic subdural hematoma by novel YL-1 puncture needle and burr-hole methods.

The objective of this study is to investigate effects of minimally invasive approaches on outcome of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) by novel YL-1 puncture needle and burr-hole methods. A retrospective analysis was performed in 158 hospitalized CSDH patients from January, 2013 to December, 2017 in Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients' gender, age, history of trauma, volume of hematoma, hematoma location, application of urokinase, surgical approach, the operation time, hospitalized time, and CT scans 3 months after discharge were recorded. Prognostic indicators including symptom relief and post-hospital neuro-imaging findings were extracted to evaluate surgical efficacy. Statistical methods were conducted to evaluate surgical efficacy. Both YL-1 puncture needle and burr-hole surgeries had a satisfying follow-up (93.67%). There was non-significant group difference in follow-up results (p > 0.05). While YL-1 needle group needs less operation time ((p < 0.001) and hospitalized time (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.144), age (p = 0.394), history of head trauma (p = 0.445), volume of hematoma (p = 0.068), hematoma location (p = 0.281), and application of urokinase (p = 0.545) were shown non-significantly associated with these two minimally invasive approaches. Volume of hematoma was significantly associated with follow-up outcomes (p = 0.016). Novel YL-1 puncture needle and classic burr-hole craniotomy are both proved to be safe and effective minimally invasive surgeries, which can provide an early intervention and minimally invasive strategy for neurosurgeons.

[Effects of occupational stress on immunological function, glucose and blood lipid of female workers in oil-field].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of occupational stress on immunological function, glucose, and blood lipid of female workers in oil-field. METHODS: 900 female workers working in oil-field as observation group and 220 female not working in oil-field in 11 work types of oil industry in oil-field were selected as control group randomly, occupational role, personal strain, and personal abilities of two groups were measured with occupational stress inventory-revised (OSI-R). Then, 100 workers were selected randomly from two groups Blood lipid, blood sugar, and immunological function were measured. RESULTS: Occupational role and strain in observed group are significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), However, there is no difference on personal abilities in two groups. Blood sugar, IgG, IgA, IgM, IL-6 content in observation group was significantly higher than control group, but CHO, HDL, LDL, IL-2 content was significantly less than control group (P < 0.05). TG content had no significant difference between both groups. There was positive correlation between occupational role, strain and, blood sugar, immunological function but negative correlation between personal abilities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that blood sugar content was increased, CHO, HDL, LDL were decreased and immumological function was changed because of occupational stress. There was positive correlation between occupational role, strain and blood sugar, immunological function but negative correlation between personal resources.