Effect of a Single Light-intensity Walking Session on Sleep Quality of Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Randomized Cross-Over Study.

OBJECTIVES: Exercise has been recommended to enhance sleep. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the relationships between exercise and sleep problems in patients with bladder cancer. The authors explored the effects of a single bout of light-intensity walking on the sleep quality of patients with bladder cancer who have sleep disorders. DATA SOURCES: A total of 14 patients with bladder cancer with sleep disorders were recruited for this trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the walking or control condition in a cross-over design to explore the effects of a single light-intensity walking session on objectively measured sleep quality. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and a nonparametric permutation test were used to examine intervention effects. Twelve participants (85.7%) completed the trial. A significant group × time interaction for sleep latency (P = .023) was identified. The pairwise comparison showed significant results (P = .012) for the difference between the post-test sleep latency and the pre-test. No significant group × time interactions were observed for the remaining seven sleep parameters. Additionally, only the main effects of time on length of awakening and time in bed were significant (P < .001). CONCLUSION: A single bout of light-intensity walking has a positive effect on shortening the sleep latency of patients with bladder cancer who have sleep disorders. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses can encourage patients with bladder cancer to exercise, even light-intensity walking, which may improve sleep quality.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy substrate proteins in cancer.

All intracellular proteins undergo continuous synthesis and degradation. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis through turnover of cytosolic proteins (substrate proteins). This degradation involves a series of substrate proteins including both cancer promoters and suppressors. Since activating or inhibiting CMA pathway to treat cancer is still debated, targeting to the CMA substrate proteins provides a novel direction. We summarize the cancer-associated substrate proteins which are degraded by CMA. Consequently, CMA substrate proteins catalyze the glycolysis which contributes to the Warburg effect in cancer cells. The fact that the degradation of substrate proteins based on the CMA can be altered by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation or acetylation. In conclusion, targeting to CMA substrate proteins develops into a new anticancer therapeutic approach.

The effect of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate on prostatic hyperplasia with acute urinary retention.

In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (PK-TURP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with acute urinary retention (AUR). We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data of BPH patients who received PK-TURP. A total of 1126 BPH patients were divided into AUR (n = 348) and non-AUR groups (n = 778). After the urethral catheters were removed, the urine white blood cell (WBC) count in the AUR group significantly increased compared with the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in international prostate symptom score, painful urination, and maximal urinary flow rate. The duration of hospitalization of the AUR group was longer than that of the non-AUR group (P < 0.001). A total of 87.1% (303/348) patients in the AUR group and 84.1% (654/778) patients in the non-AUR group completed all of the postoperative follow-up visits. The incidence of urinary tract infection in the AUR group within 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that in the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). The incidence of temporary urinary incontinence in the AUR group did not exhibit significant difference. During 3-12 months after surgery, there were no significant differences in major complications between the two groups. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, postvoid residual, maximal urinary flow rate, diabetes, and hypertension, but not the presence of AUR, were independent predictors of IPSS post-PK-TURP. In conclusion, immediate PK-TURP surgery on patients accompanied by AUR was safe and effective.

[Causes of orchiectomy: An analysis of 291 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes of orchiectomy in different age groups. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data about 291 cases of orchiectomy performed between March 1993 and October 2014 and analyzed the causes of surgery and their distribution in different age groups. RESULTS: The main causes of orchiectomy were testicular torsion (45.8%), cryptorchidism (32.5%) and testicular tumor (16.9%) in the patients aged 0-25 years, testicular tumor (42.4%), cryptorchidism (25.9%) and tuberculosis (10.6%) in those aged 26-50 years. Prostate cancer was the leading cause in those aged 51-75 years (77.6%) or older (84.0%)), and testicular tumor was another cause in the 51-75 years old men (10.2%). Prostate cancer, testicular tumor, cryptorchidism, and testicular torsion were the first four causes of orchiectomy between 1993 and 2009. From 2010 to 2014, however, testicular tumor rose to the top while prostate cancer dropped to the fourth place. CONCLUSION: The causes of orchiectomy vary in different age groups. The proportion of castration for prostate cancer patients significantly reduced in the past five years, which might be attributed to the improvement of comprehensive health care service.

Comparison of transurethral plasmakinetic and transvesical prostatectomy in treatment of 100-149 mL benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) versus transvesical prostatectomy (TVP) in the treatment of large-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (LV-BPH) (100-149 mL). METHODS: Ninety-nine BPH patients who had a prostate volume of 100-149 mL were divided into two groups to undergo PKRP or TVP. Preoperative clinical data were analyzed. Patients had follow-up appointments at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Outcome measures included the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score, maximum urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine volume. Adverse effects were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients completed the 12-month follow-up. The operative time was longer, but intraoperative blood loss was lower in the PKRP group. Despite a higher percentage of patients requiring a blood transfusion, there was an obvious advantage in gland removal rate in the TVP group. The duration of postoperative catheterization, bladder irrigation, and hospital stay was significantly shorter in the PKRP group. Outcome measures were significantly improved in both groups 1 month postoperatively. The improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms was maintained throughout the 12 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine volume between the two groups. CONCLUSION: PKRP has the advantage over TVP of being minimally invasive in the treatment of LV-BPH while achieving the same postoperative outcomes.

[Transfection of iNOS suppresses the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene on androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells in vitro. METHODS: The iNOS gene was transfected into androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells. The positive cells were selected as the transfected group for amplification, and an empty vector (EV) group and a control group were also set. The mRNA transcription of iNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR. The morphological changes of the cells were observed, the effect of iNOS transfection on the cell growth determined using the MTB method, and the apoptosis of DU145 cells detected by flow cytometry, followed by analysis of the effect of NOS inhibitors on the transfected cells. RESULTS: DU145 cells transfected with iNOS secreted significantly more nitric oxide ([272.50 +/- 15.82] micromol/L) than those of the EV and control groups ([122.00 +/- 18.93] micromol/L and [121.00 +/- 6.98] micromol/L) (P < 0.05). The rate of cell apoptosis was markedly enhanced in the transfected group as compared with the EV and control groups ([42.78 +/- 2.01]% vs [30.65 +/- 1.46]% and [28.96 +/- 1.50]%, P < 0.05). MTP test indicated a slower growth of the DU145 cells in the former than in the latter two (P < 0.05). NOS inhibitors enhanced their growth, but with no significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: DU145 cells transfected with iNOS could secrete high-concentration nitric oxide, induce cell apoptosis, and suppress cell proliferation, which may provide a potentially effective gene therapy for advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer.

An open, comparative, multicentre clinical study of combined oral therapy with sildenafil and doxazosin GITS for treating Chinese patients with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study sought to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combined oral therapy with sildenafil and doxazosin GITS compared to sildenafil monotherapy in treating Chinese patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS). The trial was conducted in hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Wuhan and Guangzhou, five major cities in China. A total of 250 patients diagnosed with ED and BPH/LUTS aged 50-75 years, and who had International Index of Erection Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores ≤21 and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥10 points, were enrolled and randomly divided into Group A (168 cases; doxazosin GITS 4 mg once daily plus sildenafil 25-100 mg on demand) and Group B (82 cases; sildenafil 25-100 mg on demand). Efficacies were evaluated by IIEF-5 and IPSS scores and a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire, and adverse effects were evaluated during the treatment period. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, and IIEF-5, IPSS and QoL scores pre-treatment between the two groups. After treatment, IIEF-5, IPSS and QoL scores were significantly improved in Group A, while only IIEF-5 scores were significantly improved in Group B compared with pre-treatment. There were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups. The results indicated that combined therapy with sildenafil and doxazosin GITS for the treatment of ED and BPH/LUTS is safe and effective compared to sildenafil monotherapy.

[Expression of human testis development related gene 1 in testicular cancer detected by tissue microarray].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protein expression of human testis development related gene 1 (TDRG1) in human testicular cancer and its pathological significance. METHODS: The expression levels of TDRG1 were detected in the testis tissues of testicular cancer patients and normal men by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry exhibited positive expression of the TDRG1 protein in the testis of 73.3% (11/15) of the normal men, 83.3% (10/12) of the patients with embryonal carcinoma, 80.0% (8/10) of those with yolk sac tumor, 26.9% (7/26) of those with seminoma, and 57.1% (4/7) of those with teratoma. The expression levels of TDRG1 in the testis tissues of the seminoma and teratoma groups were shown to be significantly lower than that of the normal control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), but those of the embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor groups exhibited no significant differences from that of the latter (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The significantly reduced expression of the TDRG1 protein in patients with seminoma or teratoma indicates that TDRG1 may be a candidate cancer suppressor gene.