SEROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SELECTED PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING COUGARS (PUMA CONCOLOR) IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL.

This study performed a serological assay to assess the exposure of free-ranging cougars (Puma concolor) to four selected infectious agents, including Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Serum samples were collected from 27 free-ranging cougars along the Tietê River Basin, in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of antibodies against T. gondii was detected in 59.3% (16/27) of the serum samples through the modified agglutination test (MAT-t), which was the most prevalent agent. The microscopic agglutination technique (MAT-1) was used to investigate the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, showing that 11.1% (3/27) of the sampled cougars were seropositive. The only serovar detected was Djasiman (L. interrogans). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) licensed for use in domestic felines was used to investigate the occurrence of retroviruses. The ELISA test kits detected a prevalence of 11.1% (3/27) of FIV antibodies, while none of the samples tested showed any evidence of FeLV antigen. These results suggest that free-ranging cougars are exposed to potentially pathogenic agents. This study presented the first recorded occurrence of the serovar Djasiman in P. concolor.

Threats to health and conservation of free-living sloths (Bradypus and Choloepus) under anthropic influence in the city of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil / Ameaças à saúde e conservação de preguiças (Bradypus e Choloepus) de vida livre sob influência antrópica em Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract Anthropogenic disturbances affecting forest areas can increase disease prevalence and susceptibility in several species of arboreal mammals, such as sloths. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the most common conditions in body systems of free-ranging sloths admitted at the Wildlife Triage and Rehabilitation Center of Amazonas of the Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. A total of 227 individuals (139 retrospective cases from 2015 to 2019, and 88 prospective cases from July 2020 to July 2021) were evaluated over a six-year period. Cases from the genus Bradypus showed involvement of the following body systems: 44% respiratory, 29% integumentary, 15% musculoskeletal, 5% digestive, 3% visual, 2% auditory, 1% circulatory and 1% genitourinary, while that distribution in the genus Choloepus was: 39% musculoskeletal, 27% integumentary, 19% respiratory, 9% digestive, 3% circulatory, 1% visual, 1% auditory and 1% genitourinary. The results reveal significant differences between the condition detected and the genus (Bradypus and Choloepus), age and case outcome. These results can provide data for future investigations of sloth diseases, confirming lesions, as well as motivating and suggesting adequate management methods.

Resumo Distúrbios antrópicos que afetam áreas florestais podem aumentar a prevalência de afecções e a suscetibilidade às doenças em diversas espécies de mamíferos arborícolas, como as preguiças. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições mais comuns nos sistemas orgânicos de preguiças de vida livre admitidas no Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres do Amazonas. Um total de 227 indivíduos (139 casos retrospectivos de 2015 a 2019 e 88 casos prospectivos de julho de 2020 a julho de 2021) foram avaliados durante um período de seis anos. Para o gênero Bradypus foram diagnosticadas 44% de afecções do sistema respiratório, 29% tegumentar, 15% musculoesquelético, 5% digestório, 3% visual, 2% auditivo, 1% circulatório e 1% genitourinário. Por sua vez, para o gênero Choloepus foram detectadas 39% de afecções do sistema musculoesquelético, 27% tegumentar, 19% do sistema respiratório, 19% do sistema respiratório, 9% digestório, 3% circulatório, 1% visual, 1% auditivo e 1% genitourinário. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas na prevalência da afecção e gênero das preguiças (Bradypus e Choloepus), a faixa etária e desfecho do caso. Esses resultados podem fornecer subsídios para investigar as doenças de preguiças, confirmando afecções, motivo e sugerir métodos adequados de manejo.

First detection of canine parvovirus 2b DNA in a crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766).

The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a small wild mammal present in all Brazilian biomes and in some countries of South America. This study aimed to verify the involvement of viral infectious agents in the death of a wild crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil. The Center for Medicine and Research of Wild Animals of the Universidade Estadual Paulista received a free-living crab-eating fox aged approximately 21 days and apparently healthy. After 13 days, the animal presented anorexia, diarrhea, fever, prostration, and neurological signs progressing to death with an inconclusive diagnosis. In a retrospective study, tissue fragments stored at - 80 °C were used to identify nucleic acids from major canine viruses, such as canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), canine adenovirus A types 1 and 2, canid alphaherpesvirus 1, and canine distemper virus. The amplified product with the expected length for CPV-2 was obtained from the heart fragment. After performing nucleotide (nt) sequencing of the amplicon, it was possible to demonstrate that the crab-eating fox strain exhibited high (99.8%) nt identity with the CPV-2b prototype (CPV-39 strain). Additionally, deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis showed the GAT codon for the aa Asp (D) at position 426 of the CPV-2 viral protein VP2, which characterizes the subtype 2b. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report describes the first detection of CPV-2b DNA in tissue fragments from a crab-eating fox.

Use of road underpasses by terrestrial tetrapods inside a protected area in the southeastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil / Uso de pontes e galerias rodoviárias por tetrápodes terrestres em uma área protegida na região sudeste do Estado de São Paulo

Abstract: Roads, despite playing a key role in economy, begin or aggravate processes of forest fragmentation and lead to several species losing their natural habitats, acting as filters and barriers that impose challenges to animal locomotion. Wildlife crossings seek to reestablish the connectivity of the landscape. In general, after being installed, these passages need to be evaluated regarding their functioning. In this study, we present the results of monitoring the underpasses on Serra da Macaca Park Road (SP-139), which crosses Carlos Botelho State Park. The underpasses, constituted by bridges and culverts, were constructed after a license obtained to restore this section of the road. Camera traps were installed inside all crossing structures, and systematic samples were obtained through four field expeditions, with sampling efforts of 10 days each, between March 2018 and February 2019. The footprints found around the intersection structures were also considered. A two-sided Student's t-test was applied to verify differences in richness between the underpasses that have distinct types of margins. Differences in abundance were analyzed through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. A Whittaker diagram was generated according to the order of the species, from the most common to the rarest, while their diversity was estimated through Simpson's Diversity Index (1 - D). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the interaction between diversity and altitude variation. We observed a richness of 16 species of terrestrial tetrapods, without any statistically significant differences between underpasses with dry or flooded margins. Cuniculus paca was the most abundant species, and higher altitudes presented the most diversity. We concluded that the underpasses located inside Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of watercourses are essential to maintain the flow of animals beneath the road.

Resumo: As rodovias, apesar de exercerem um papel fundamental na economia, instauram ou agravam processos de fragmentação florestal e levam à perda de habitat. Atuam como filtros e barreiras, dificultando a movimentação animal. As passagens de fauna buscam restabelecer a conectividade na paisagem. Geralmente, após serem implantadas procede-se à avaliação do seu funcionamento. Nesse artigo nós apresentamos os resultados de um monitoramento do uso das passagens inferiores de fauna da Estrada Parque Serra da Macaca (SP-139), que atravessa o Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. As passagens inferiores, representadas por pontes e galerias hidráulicas, foram concebidas através do licenciamento das obras de revitalização do trecho rodoviário. Armadilhas fotográficas foram instaladas no interior de todas as estruturas, e as amostragens sistemáticas ocorreram por meio de quatro expedições a campo, com um esforço amostral de 10 dias cada, entre março de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. Os rastros encontrados no perímetro das estruturas de transposição também foram considerados. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste T de Student bicaudal, para verificar a diferença de riqueza entre as passagens inferiores com tipos distintos de margens. As diferenças de abundância foram analisadas pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. O diagrama de Whittaker foi gerado pela ordenação das espécies, a partir das mais comuns para as mais raras, enquanto a diversidade de espécies foi estimada pelo índice de Simpson (1 - D). O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi empregado para estudar a interação entre a diversidadade e a variação de altitude. Detectamos uma riqueza de 16 espécies de tetrápodes terrestres e não houve diferença significativa entre as passagens com margens secas e alagadas. Cuniculus paca foi a espécie mais abundante. Altitudes mais elevadas concentraram as maiores diversidades. Concluímos que as passagens inferiores alocadas em APPs de curso d'água são essenciais para manter o fluxo da fauna sob a rodovia.

Oral microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in free-living monkeys in Goiás State, Brazil: Repercussions for injuries in humans

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Goiás State, which is in the midwest region of Brazil, has several urban forests. This fact, along with the expansion of urban areas within the limits of Forest Conservation Units, increases the contact between humans and wildlife, such as capuchin monkeys. The impulsive behavior of these animals and the scarcity of food cause them to vigorously search for food, leading to direct encounters with Park visitors, which can result in scratches and bites and making them potential disseminators of pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS: Ten specimens of bearded capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) were captured at the Onofre Quinan Environmental Park in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from the monkeys, and the bacteria and fungi present in the samples were isolated and identified. Then, the identified microorganisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULTS: A total of 111 bacteria and 12 fungi were isolated, including two strict anaerobic bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 109 facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 12 yeasts. Among the facultative bacteria, enterobacteria and Staphylococcus were common. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin antibiotics was detected in the enterobacteria, and resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was detected in the Staphylococci. The other strains were sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. Cefoxitin showed 100% efficacy in all isolated bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: For bites from capuchin monkeys, we recommend performing complete hygiene and antibiotic therapy, according to medical recommendations. Given the 100% effectiveness of cefoxitin, it should be considered for this type of injury, especially in the study region.

Evaluation of collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented in a wildlife health reference center of São Paulo state, Brazil / Avaliação de tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla) atendidos em um centro de referência de animais selvagens do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract Deforestation and road construction have inflicted negative effects on wildlife populations. To contribute to the comprehension and preservation of wildlife species, this study aimed to evaluate collared anteater presented to a reference center located in São Paulo state, Brazil. Furthermore, the locations where the animals were most frequently found were determined. Data on collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) examined at the Center for Medicine and Research in Wild Animals (CEMPAS) were evaluated retrospectively for a period of 13 years. A total of 46 collared anteaters was examined, comprised of 14 males, 10 females, and 22 without identifying information. On average, adult males weigh 4.41 kg while adult females weigh 4.95 kg. The most common admission circumstance was vehicular strikes (36.96%), followed by dog bites (21.74%); 23.91% were considered clinically healthy. Animal outcomes were 36.96% (n=17) reintroduced, 34.78% (n=16) fatalities, 15.22% (n=7) transferred to other institutions, and 6.52% (n=3) escaped from the enclosure; and 6.52% (n=3) presented no medical record information. The collared anteaters were found mainly in the municipal areas of Botucatu (21.73%), São Manuel (17.39%), Lençóis Paulista (6.52%), and Bauru (4.34%), with SP-300 being the main highway associated with the occurrences. In conclusion, the main cause of lesion in the collared anteaters evaluated in this study was vehicular strike that that led to death. However, including all collared anteaters at least half of them had a positive outcome.

Resumo O desmatamento e a construção de estradas têm promovido uma série de problemas à fauna. Visando contribuir com informações que podem ser usadas na compreensão e preservação das espécies, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar tamanduás-mirins atendidos em um centro de referência localizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente dados referentes a tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla), que foram trazidos ao Centro de Medicina e Pesquisa em Animais Selvagens (CEMPAS), durante um período de 13 anos. De um total de 46 tamanduás-mirins atendidos, 14 foram machos e 10 foram fêmeas, e 22 não possuíam identificação quanto ao sexo. Em média, os machos adultos pesaram 4,41 kg, enquanto as fêmeas adultas pesaram 4,95 kg. Com relação à circunstância que levou ao atendimento, as mais importantes foram o atropelamento (36,96%) e a mordedura de cães (21,74%), sendo que 23,91% foram considerados clinicamente saudáveis. No tocante à evolução dos casos, 36,96% (n=17) foram reintroduzidos, 34.78% (n=16) foram a óbito, 15,22% (n=7) foram transferidos para outras instituições, 6,52% (n=3) evadiram do recinto e 6,52% (n=3) não há informação. Os animais foram provenientes principalmente dos municípios de Botucatu (21,73%), São Manuel (17,39%), Lençóis Paulista (6,52%) e Bauru (4,34%), sendo a SP-300 a principal rodovia relacionada as ocorrências. Foi possível concluir que dos tamanduás-mirins avaliados a principal causa de lesão foi o atropelamento, que teve por evolução o óbito; porém ao se incluir os tamanduás-mirins saudáveis e demais, ao menos metade evoluíram positivamente.

GROSS ANATOMY AND SURGICAL APPROACH TO THE HUMERAL SHAFT IN GIANT ANTEATER (MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA).

Anteater forelimbs are distinguished morphologically from domestic animals, especially due to their unique movement and their natural habits. A knowledge of the pectoral limb anatomy and the proper surgical approach are fundamental to success in osteosynthesis and other surgeries. This study aimed to describe the muscles and neurovascular structures of the pectoral limb and the surgical approach to the humeral shaft of the giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ). Dissections of the forelimbs of seven cadavers were performed to identify the major muscles and neurovascular structures. Three of these animals' contralateral forearms were used to simulate the surgical approach to the humeral shaft. Some specific characteristics of the muscle morphology were biceps muscle had two heads, triceps muscle had three heads, and there was an olecranon-epicondylar muscle. To expose the shaft of the humerus, it was necessary to incise the superficial pectoral muscle and separate the heads of the biceps muscle. Due to the anatomical characteristics of the humerus, the craniomedial approach was the most appropriate because it accommodated the anatomical peculiarities of the giant anteater.

Hepatic myelolipoma in two Goeldi's monkeys from South America held captive.

Two cases of hepatic myelolipoma in Goeldi's monkeys from South America are described. One was a female evaluated due progressive abdominal distension. Ultrasound and computed tomography detected hepatic mass. Partial hepatectomy was performed, but the monkey died after surgery. Case 2 was a male that died suddenly, showing non-specific clinical signs.

Self-Perceived Oral Health Influences Tooth Brushing in Preschool Children

This study assessed the influence of socioeconomic and clinical factors, as well as parent's perception of child's oral health on the toothbrushing frequency of 0-5-year-old children. The study was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day, and 478 children aged 0 - 5 years were included. Data were collected by clinical examinations and a structured questionnaire, conducted by 15 calibrated examiners and 30 supports. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents with information about several socioeconomic indicators, perception of child's oral health and frequency of tooth brushing. The main outcome was collected by the question: "How many times a day do you brush your child's teeth?". Multivariable Poisson regression model taking into account the cluster sample was performed to assess the association between the predictors and outcome. Children whose parents related worse perception of child's oral health showed less tooth brushing frequency (PR 1.23; 1.06 - 1.43). Young children brush their teeth less than the older ones (PR 0.90; 0.84 - 0.96); and lack of visit to a dentist was predictor for less tooth brushing frequency (PR 1.29; 1.05 - 1.59). Parent's perception of child oral health influence children's healthy behaviors, supporting the evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of children's oral health.

O estudo avaliou a influência de fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e a percepção dos pais quanto à saúde de seus filhos na frequência de escovação de pré-escolares de 0 a 5 anos de Santa Maria-RS, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em Santa Maria, Brasil, durante o Dia Nacional de Vacinação das Crianças e 478 crianças de 0 - 5 anos foram incluídas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exames clínicos e por um questionário estruturado, realizados por 15 examinadores calibrados e 30 auxiliares. Os responsáveis forneceram informações sobre diversos indicadores socioeconômicos, auto-percepção de saúde bucal e frequência de escovação dentária. O principal desfecho foi coletado pela pergunta "Quantas vezes por dia você escova os dentes de seu filho?". Os dados foram analisados utilizando modelo de regressão de Poisson, considerando pesos relativos à amostragem complexa. Pais que relataram pior percepção de saúde bucal dos seus filhos em relação às outras crianças apresentavam uma menor frequência de escovação (RP 0,23; IC: 1,06 - 1,43). Crianças mais novas escovavam menos os dentes que as de idade mais elevada (RP 0,90; IC: 0,84 - 0,96) e a não-procura pelo dentista foi preditor para menor frequência de escovação (RP 1,29; IC: 1,05 - 1,59). A percepção dos pais influencia hábitos saudáveis da criança, suportando a evidência de que aspectos psicossociais são fortes preditores de saúde bucal na infância.

The use of operant instrumental conditioning with positive reinforcement for collection of saliva from marmosets (callithrix jacchus) for research purposes

In order to improve the welfare of captive wild animals used in research, it is necessary to apply methods that minimize the stress to which the animals are constantly subjected. Stress produces physiological changes that may interfere with the results of laboratory experiments, and voluntary cooperation through learning may minimize the anxiety experienced by laboratory animals. It is therefore important to develop non-invasive methods for the collection of biological samples and the performance of laboratory exams. The aim of this study was to train common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) for the collection of saliva samples. Instrumental operant conditioning with positive reinforcement (reward) was applied to 24 adult marmosets of both genders. All animals were satisfactorily conditioned for the rapid and effective collection of saliva samples.

Para que haja uma melhora no bem-estar de animais silvestres utilizados em pesquisa é necessário o emprego de técnicas que reduzam os efeitos estressantes, aos quais os animais são constantemente submetidos. Sabemos que o estresse pode ocasionar alterações fisiológicas podendo alterar os resultados de um experimento e que a cooperação voluntária obtida através do aprendizado pode minimizar sensações de ansiedade vivida por animais mantidos em laboratório. Sendo assim, a busca de métodos não-invasivos para a coleta de material biológico e exames laboratoriais é de grande importância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi condicionar um grupo de primatas Callithrix jacchus para coletas de saliva com finalidade de pesquisa. Para tanto utilizamos a técnica do condicionamento operante com auxílio instrumental e reforço positivo (recompensa) em 24 saguis adultos, de ambos os sexos. Segundo as condições deste estudo, o condicionamento para coleta de saliva foi realizado de forma satisfatória, rápida e eficiente demonstrando que a utilização do método de condicionamento instrumental com recompensa nesta espécie pode ser efetuado com sucesso.

Goniometria dos membros pélvicos de pacas (Cuniculus paca) criadas em cativeiro / Goniometry of the hind limbs of pacas (Cuniculus paca) raised in captivity

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de estudos goniométricos os membros pélvicos de pacas criadas em cativeiro. Foram utilizadas oito pacas (Cuniculus paca), sendo três fêmeas e cinco machos, com peso entre 6,0 kg e 8,2 kg, nos quais foi aferido o movimento de extensão e flexão das articulações coxofemoral, joelho e tarsocrural utilizando-se um goniômetro de plástico. Foram realizadas duas aferições para cada membro pelo mesmo avaliador, com intervalo de uma semana entre cada aferição, com os animais sob anestesia dissociativa. Não houve diferença estatística nas aferições dos ângulos entres os momentos. As variações entre as medidas de flexão e extensão, efetuadas em cada momento pelo mesmo avaliador, foi entre 1º e 5º para cada membro. Os valores goniométricos médios foram: flexão de 43,96º±7,62 e extensão de 118,31º±9,79 para a articulação coxofemoral; flexão de 54,25º±10,24 e extensão 131,53º±7,89 para o joelho; flexão de 45,94º±7,16 e extensão de 145,03º±5,06 para a articulação tarsocrural. Sendo assim, observou-se que a amplitude de movimento das pacas é maior na articulação tarsocrural, seguida respectivamente do joelho e da articulação coxofemoral.

The aim of this study was to evaluate by goniometry the hind limbs of pacas raised in captivity. Eight mature pacas (Cuniculus paca), three females and five males, weighing 6.0-8.2 kg, were used. The quantity of joint flexion and extension motion of the hip joint, stifle joint and tarsocrural joint was measured using a plastic standard goniometer. Under dissociative anesthesia, two measures were made for each member in each animal by the same observer at an interval of one week. There were no statistical differences of the quantity of joint motion between the moments. The flexion and extension angles varied from 1º to 5º in each moment for the same observer. The mean values of the angles of flexion and extension were, respectively, 43.96º±7.62 and 118.31º±9.79 for hip joint, 54.25º±10.24 and 131.53º±7.89 for stifle joint, and 45.94º±7.16 and 145.03º±5.06 for tarsocrural joint. Thus, it was observed that the range of motion of the pacas is greater in the tarsocrural joint, followed respectively by stifle and hip joints.

Erythema multiforme associated with prophylactic use of phenytoin during cranial radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: A case of erythema multiforme associated with prophylactic use of phenytoin during cranial radiation therapy is reported. SUMMARY: A 60-year-old woman with intraductal adenocarcinoma of the breast and cerebral metastasis who had an implanted central venous catheter arrived at the hospital for the treatment of cerebral metastasis. She underwent whole brain irradiation and was given a total dose of 3750 cGy over 15 fractional doses spaced over three weeks. At the beginning of cranial radiation therapy, prophylactic oral ranitidine, oral dexamethasone, and oral phenytoin were initiated to prevent seizures. After 30 days of continuous prophylactic phenytoin and cranial radiation therapy, the patient developed an episode of coughing with yellow sputum, mucositis, and a minor skin reaction that was diagnosed in the emergency department as radiotherapy-associated lesions. After 2 days, the patient returned to the hospital with severe mucositis and an erythematous macular eruption on the scalp and auricular region within the radiation field. These were believed to be due to the radiation therapy, and the patient was subsequently hospitalized. The eruption dramatically extended over the next day, with itching micropapular urticarial lesions over large areas of the face, trunk, and genital region. The condition had worsened by the next day, with erythematous eruptions on the whole body (including the extremities), skin detachment, and vesicular lesions on the eyelids. The patient was then diagnosed toxic epidermal necrolysis. CONCLUSION: A patient with intraductal adenocarcinoma of the breast and cerebral metastasis developed erythema multiforme after receiving concurrent phenytoin and radiation therapy.

Defeitos ósseos segmentares induzidos em tíbia de ovinos, tratados com placa metálica associada a um cage preenchido com enxerto de biomateriais ou osso cortical autólogo / Segmental bone defects induced in the tibia of sheep treated with bone plate combined with cage filled either with biomaterials or with autologous cortical bone graft

O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar por meio de exames clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos, defeitos ósseos segmentares induzidos em tíbia de ovinos, tratados com placa metálica associada a um Gage, que foi preenchido com enxerto cortical autólogo ou biomateriais. Foram utilizados 12 ovinos hígidos com idade entre quatro e cinco meses, divididos em dois grupos, G1 (n=6) e G2 (n=6). Removeu-se um segmento da porção média da diáfise tibial direita de 3,5 cm de extensão e, em ambos os grupos, o defeito segmentar foi tratado pela colocação de uma placa combinada a um Cage de titânio. O Cage foi preenchido no G1 com fragmentos de osso cortical autólogo obtidos do segmento ósseo tibial excisado, e no G2 com enxerto ósseo liofilizado composto, contendo osso bovino inorgânico, matriz bovina orgânica, aglutinante natural de colágeno e pool de BMPs de origem bovina absorvidas à hidroxiapatita sintética absorvível ultrafina, misturado com 1 ml de sangue do próprio animal. Com exceção de um animal do G1, todos os outros apresentaram função normal do membro após 60 dias da cirurgia. O exame radiográfico mostrou, aos 15 dias de pós-operatório, o entortamento da placa (3º-9º) na transição entre placa e Cage em quatro animais do G1 e um do G2. Nenhuma modificação da placa foi detectada nos outros momentos de observação. Aos 15 dias de pós-operatório já era visibilizado em todos os ovinos a formação do calo periotestal, que se localiza nas extremidades osteotomizadas e sobre a placa de Cage. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, a produção de calo estava mais acentuada, cobrindo quase totalmente o Cage. Aos 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório notava-se a organização do processo. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 90 dias de pós-operatório e as tíbias foram colhidas para avaliação histológico. O exame histológico revelou neoformação óssea nas falhas segmentares de ambos os grupos, porém comparativamente o tecido ósseo neoformado em G1 mostrou-se mais imaturo em relação a G2....

Tumor venéreo transmissível com metástases cutâneas em um cão transmissible venereal / Tumor with cutaneous metastasis in a dog

O tumor venéreo transmissível é diagnosticado, na maioria das vezes, em animais jovens, sadios e sexualmente ativos. Acomete, comumente, a genitália externa. Metástases, apesar de incomuns, ocorrem. O presente trabalho relata um caso de tumor venéreo transmissível na glande peniana com disseminação para a pele das regiões abdominal e inguinal.

Transmissible venereal tumor is most of the times diagnosed in young, healthy and sexually active animais. In general it affects any part of external genitalis; metastasis, although uncommon, may occur. This paper reports a case of a transmissible venereal tumor, in the glans penis of a dog with spread to the skin of abdominal and inguinal regions.

Luxaçäo de vértebras lombares em cäes: nova técnica de estabilizaçäo / Luxation of lumbar vertebral bodies: a new surgical treatment

Os autores descrevem um método eficaz de fixaçäo da coluna lombar canina luxada, dorsal ou ventralmente, usando fio de aço inoxidável, através dos processos espinhosos dorsais das vértebras acometidas. O procedimento cirúrgico foi simples, de rápida execuçäo e pouco dispendioso; preservou ligamentos e estruturas ósseas relacionadas, bem como a curvatura normal da espinha