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1.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 174: 116517, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38574619

RESUMO

Age-associated osteosarcopenia is an unresolved syndrome characterized by the concomitant loss of bone (osteopenia) and skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) tissues increasing falls, immobility, morbidity, and mortality. Unbalanced resorption of bone in the remodeling process and excessive protein breakdown, especially fast type II myosin heavy chain (MyHC-II) isoform and myofiber metabolic shift, are the leading causes of bone and muscle deterioration in the elderly, respectively. Equisetum arvense (EQ) is a plant traditionally recommended for many pathological conditions due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, considering that a chronic low-grade inflammatory state predisposes to both osteoporosis and sarcopenia, we tested a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of EQ in in vitro models of muscle atrophy [C2C12 myotubes treated with proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IFNγ), excess glucocorticoids (dexamethasone), or the osteokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)] and osteoclastogenesis (RAW 264.7 cells treated with RANKL). We found that EQ counteracted myotube atrophy, blunting the activity of several pathways depending on the applied stimulus, and reduced osteoclast formation and activity. By in silico target fishing, IKKB-dependent nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibition emerges as a potential common mechanism underlying EQ's anti-atrophic effects. Consumption of EQ (500 mg/kg/day) by pre-geriatric C57BL/6 mice for 3 months translated into: i) maintenance of muscle mass and performance; ii) restrained myofiber oxidative shift; iii) slowed down age-related modifications in osteoporotic bone, significantly preserving trabecular connectivity density; iv) reduced muscle- and spleen-related inflammation. EQ can preserve muscle functionality and bone remodeling during aging, potentially valuable as a natural treatment for osteosarcopenia.


Assuntos
Equisetum , Extratos Vegetais , Sarcopenia , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Sarcopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcopenia/patologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Equisetum/química , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/patologia , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia
2.
Int J Pharm ; 638: 122925, 2023 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37028573

RESUMO

ß-glucan is a well-known functional and bioactive food ingredient. Recently, some studies highlighted several interesting pharmacological activities, such as hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study is to evaluate a novel application of ß-glucan, obtained from barley, for the development of formulations for skin use. Several water suspensions were obtained from barley flour of different particle sizes treated by high power ultrasonic (HPU) technique. Barley flour fraction in the range of 400-500 µm allowed to obtain a stable suspension, represented both by a water soluble and water insoluble fraction of ß-glucans, that showed excellent film forming ability. The plasticizer sorbitol as well as the bioadhesive biopolymer acacia gum were added to this suspension in order to obtain a gel suitable to prepare films by casting. The obtained films demonstrated suitable mechanical properties and ability to stimulate in vitro keratinocytes growth suggesting its possible application in dermatological field as for wound treatment. This study demonstrated the dual use of barley suspension: as excipient and as active ingredient.


Assuntos
Hordeum , beta-Glucanas , Ultrassom , Farinha , Água , Extratos Vegetais
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