A case of pyelo-ureteral junction bilharzioma.

Bilharziomas are inflammatory tumour-like masses which often pose the problem of differential diagnosis with neoplastic processes. Its location at the pyelo-ureteral junction is very uncommon. The pre-operative diagnosis of bilharzia of the pyelo-ureteral junction is difficult. Indeed, the diagnosis is most often made on anatomo-pathological examination of the surgical specimen, which rarely allows for conservative treatment. We report one case of pyeloureteral junction bilharzioma in children living in bilharzia endemic areas and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic issues of these cases.

Unusual Presentation of Priapism Associated with Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Two Patients: Emergency Management.

Priapism is a rare urological emergency. It is rarely a telltale sign of myeloid leukemia. We report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia in a child and chronic myeloid leukemia in a young adult presenting with priapism. Puncture irrigation of the corpora cavernosa followed by systemic treatment to lower the hyperviscosity of the blood due to leukemia provided optimal outcome. Prompt emergency management is required to lower the complication of erectile dysfunction.

Surgical Management of Urolithiasis of the Upper Tract - Current Trend of Endourology in Africa.

Urolithiasis is a global pathology with increasing prevalence rate. The lifetime recurrence of urolithiasis ranges from 10-75% creating a public health crisis in affected regions. The epidemiology of urolithiasis in most parts of Africa and Asia remains poorly documented as incidence and prevalence rates in these settings are extrapolated from hospital admissions. The surgical management of kidney and ureteral stones is based on the stone location, size, the patient's preference and the institutional capacity. To date, the available modalities in the management of urolithiasis includes external shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS) including flexible and semirigid ureteroscopy. However, regarding the lack of endourological equipment and expertise in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), most urological centers in these regions still consider open surgery for kidney and ureteral stones. This review explores the current trend and surgical management of upper tract urolithiasis in SSA with insight on the available clinical guidelines.