RESUMO
The ARGOS decision support system is currently being extended to enable estimation of the consequences of terror attacks involving chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological substances. This paper presents elements of the framework that will be applied in ARGOS to calculate the dose contributions from contaminants dispersed in the atmosphere after a 'dirty bomb' explosion. Conceptual methodologies are presented which describe the various dose components on the basis of knowledge of time-integrated contaminant air concentrations. Also the aerosolisation and atmospheric dispersion in a city of different types of conceivable contaminants from a 'dirty bomb' are discussed.
Assuntos
Bioterrorismo/prevenção & controle , Planejamento em Desastres/métodos , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Terrorismo/prevenção & controle , Aerossóis , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Bombas (Dispositivos Explosivos) , Cidades , Substâncias Perigosas , Humanos , Tamanho da Partícula , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Pele/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
In recent years, the concern for protection of urban populations against terror attacks involving radiological, biological or chemical substances has attracted increasing attention. It sets new demands to decision support and consequence assessment tools, where the focus has traditionally been on accidental exposure. The aim of the present study was to illustrate issues that need to be considered in evaluating the radiological consequences of a 'dirty bomb' explosion. This is done through a worked example of simplified calculations of relative dose contributions for a specific 'dirty bomb' scenario leading to atmospheric dispersion of 90Sr contamination over a city area. Also, the requirements of atmospheric dispersion models for such scenarios are discussed.
Assuntos
Substâncias Perigosas , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Terrorismo , Algoritmos , Bombas (Dispositivos Explosivos) , Humanos , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Pele/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Individual and population doses on Danish territory are calculated from hypothetical, severe core-melt accidents at the Swedish nuclear plant at Barsebäck. The release fractions for these accidents are taken from WASH-1400. Based on parametric studies, doses are calculated for very unfavourable, but not incredible weather conditions. The probability of such conditions in combination with wind direction towards Danish territory is estimated. Doses to bone marrow, lungs, GI-tract and thyroid are calculated using dose models developed at Risø. These doses are found to be consistent with doses calculated with the models used in WASH-1400.