[Laser therapy effect on endothelial dysfunction in patients after the surgery for orthognathic disorders]. / Vliyanie lazernoi terapii na endotelial'nuyu disfunktsiyu u bol'nykh, operirovannykh po povodu ortognaticheskoi patologii.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize postoperative rehabilitation by applying low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) with different wavelengths in the early postoperative period to prevent inflammatory complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After radiological examination and ultrasound diagnostics of the periodontal tissue vessels, surgical methods of orthognathic treatment were performed, after completion of which a course of LILI was carried out. The VEGF its receptors (sVEGF-R1; sVEGF-R2) content was measured by enzyme immunoassay using standard reagent kits. The laser therapy using 635 nm laser light was applied directly to the vestibular and oral surfaces of the gingival tissues and in the operation area, changeable by the scanning method, for 1.5 minutes (5 W power); the pulsed infrared laser therapy (PILT) with the 904 nm wavelength (light pulse duration 100 s, power 15 W, 1500 Hz) applied epicutaneously to the operation projective zones (four control points of the upper and lower jaw) through the skin of the cheek, in stable method (1.5 minutes) with a time range between red and infrared wavelength LILI not exceeding 100 s (1.5 minutes). RESULTS: Vascular and endothelial dysfunction after laser irradiation with different wavelengths is better controlled by increasing the microcapillary blood flow (66.7% gain; p<0.05) in arteriolar and 70.3% in venular sections of capillaries (p<0.01), which is associated by vasodilatation: diameter increased by 26.9% compared to that under the influence of red laser radiation (by 13.0%) and infrared laser radiation (by 7.2%); p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early laser therapy using the low-intensity laser irradiation with different wavelengths improves vasoactive processes of hemoregulation in dental tissues associated with the elimination of vasospasm caused by operative stress, activation of arteriolodilatory effects, contributes to the prevention of development of inflammatory complications.

Nuclear transport of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor and subsequent gene induction relies on its residue histidine 291.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in the metabolism of physiological substances and xenobiotics, representing an interesting target in both toxicology and pharmacology. In this study, we investigated the ligand-dependent conjunction of nuclear import of the human AHR in living cells and target gene induction. Our findings strengthen the theory that the AHR triggers a precisely defined and rapid reaction upon binding to endogenous ligands, while the xenobiotic ß-naphthoflavone only induces rather unspecific and slow effects. To better illuminate the ligand-mediated responses of the human AHR, we applied site-directed mutagenesis and identified histidine 291 as key residue for AHR functionality, essential for both nuclear import and target gene induction. Contrary, replacing histidine at position 291 by alanine did not affect nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, showing that permanent endogenous import and ligand-induced import of the AHR into the nucleus are two independent and differently regulated processes. Combining these observations with our structural investigations using a homology model of the AHR-PAS B domain, we suggest a dual role of histidine 291: (1) a major role for shaping the ligand binding site including direct interactions with ligands and, (2) an essential role for the conformational dynamics of a PAS B loop, which most likely influences the association of the AHR with the AHR nuclear translocator through interference with their protein-protein interface.

Agrobacterial tumors interfere with nodulation and demonstrate the expression of nodulation-induced CLE genes in pea.

CLAVATA (CLV) system including CLV1-like kinase and CLE-peptides is the part of the AON (autoregulation of nodulation) that controls nodule number in legume plants. Moreover, CLV system plays a key role in meristems, where it regulates the expression of WOX genes in organizing centers. Recently, we found that WOX5 homolog in pea is also expressed in nodules and in tumors induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Based on this, we hypothesized that both nodules and agrobacterial tumors may be regulated by and may trigger the same components of AON, including the same WOX and CLV genes. Here, we found that pea plants with agrobacterial tumors induced prior to rhizobial inoculation had reduced the number of nodules. This effect was absent in pea sym29 mutant defective in CLV1-like kinase, the key component of AON. That suggests that agrobacterial tumors may produce a signal activating CLV1-like kinase and thereby decrease the nodule number. Since CLE peptides are known to act upstream of CLV1-like kinase, expression analysis of CLE genes has been performed both in developing nodules and tumors. Overall, 45 CLE genes were identified, and among them nine nodulation-induced CLEs were found in pea. In agrobacterial tumors, no expression of nodule-specific CLE genes the homologues of which inhibit nodulation in other legumes was observed. However, increased expression of two other nodulation-induced CLE genes was observed in agrobacterial tumors, suggesting that CLE genes are expressed in tumors that may still contribute to autoregulatory processes suppressing nodulation.

[Immunogenicity of recombinant analog of antitumor protein lactaptin].

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins including cytokines are commonly used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In most cases, these protein-based drugs exhibit a high therapeutic efficacy, which is unfortunately frequently associated with a variety of side effects. We have investigated the in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity of recombinant antitumor protein lactaptin (RL2). Based on the qRT-PCR analysis, we have shown that, in MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, RL2 suppresses the NF-kB signaling cascade that regulates the reactions of innate immunity. RL2 inhibits the expression of the CXCL1 protein and apoptosis inhibitor A20 and enhances expression of IkB, NF-kB repressor. The ELISA method has been used to evaluate the antibody titer in the blood of mice, which received single and triple intravenous or intraperitoneal injections of RL2. The multiplex immunoassay of 23 cytokines in the mice blood has shown that the RL2 injections lead to a slight increase in the levels of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-5 (IL-5) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), a homologue of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1). These observations indicate the low immunogenicity of the recombinant lactaptin analog, which can be considered to be a potential molecular drug candidate for further clinical development.

[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE INJURED PERSONS FOR COMBINED CRANIO-ABDOMINAL TRAUMA IN AN ACUTE PERIOD OF TRAUMATIC DISEASE].

The results of surgical treatment of 281 injured persons for combined cranio-abdominal trauma in acute period of traumatic disease, were analyzed. Depending on the trauma and internal organs injuries severity, there were applied: conservative therapy, mini-invasive interventions, laparotomy for abdominal element of the trauma, also there were determined the operation volume (complete, reduced, minimal) and expediency of the "damage control" tactics application. It made possible to perform conservative therapy in the main group in 12.6% injured persons, laparoscopic operations--in 35%, and to reduce laparotomy operations duration trustworthy. Indications for craniotomy in acute period of trauma were established in 9 injured persons of a control group and in 15--of the main group. While indications for craniotomy and laparotomy presence, the operation on abdominal organs was performed primarily or both interventions were done simultaneously with minimal or reduced volume.

[Choice of the kind of bone cavity replacement in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis].

Results of surgical treatment of 197 patients with osteomyelitis by bone autoplasty, plasty with Osteoset T and combined kinds of plasty were analyzed. Persistent positive effect was obtained in 89.8% of cases in patients after bone plasty, in 86.9% of cases after plasty with Osteoset T and in 85.3% of cases after using combined kinds of plasty. The proposed succession of actions in decision on different kinds of bone plasty and bone-muscular plasty in patients with chronic osteomyelitis is in line with the requirements of the national directions on traumatology and orthopedics and allows the interventions in question to be performed with minimal risk for the patients.

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration versus open surgery: comparative prospective randomized trial.

The aim of the study was to analyse safety and benefits of laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration compared to open. Prospective randomized trial included a total of 256 patients with CBD stones operated from 2005 to 2009 years in a single center. There were two groups of patients: group I-laparoscopic CBD exploration (138 patients), group II-open CBD exploration (118 patients). Patient comorbidity was assessed by means of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score; i.e. ASA II-109 patients, ASA III-59 patients. Bile duct stones were visualized preoperatively by means of US examination in 129 patients, by means of ERCP in 26 patients, by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in 72 patients. Preoperative evaluation was done through medical history, biochemical tests and ultrasonography. There was no statistical significant difference between 2 groups of patients. No mortality occurred. The mean duration of laparoscopic operations was 82 min (range, 40-160 min). The mean duration of open operations were 90 min (range, 60-150 min). Mean blood loss was much less in laparoscopic group than in open group (20 ± 2 vs. 285 ± 27 ml; p < 0.01). Postoperative complications were observed is nine patients of laparoscopic group and in 15 patients in open group (p < 0.01). There were 102 attempts to perform transcystic exploration of CBD. External drainage was used in 25 (32.8%) patients with transcystic approach. Conversion to laparotomy was performed in two patients. Open operations were performed in 118 patients with choledocholithiasis. External drainage was used in 85% of patients. Morbidity in open group was higher (12.7%) than in laparoscopic group (6.5%). Laparoscopic CBD exploration can be performed with high efficiency, minimal morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic procedures have advances over open operations in terms of postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay.

[Virus-like particles as a source for obtaining antigens for diagnosing rubella]. / Virusopodobnye chastitsy kak istochnikh polucheniia antigenov dlia diagnostiki krasnukhi.

Rubella diagnostic agents for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on rubella virus-like particles (RVLP) have been developed. Noninfectious RVLPs containing three structural E1, E2, and C proteins were expressed in transfected CHO24S cell culture. HI titer in culture medium was 1:256. Tween-80 treatment and ether increased HI titer 4-6-fold and rendered the antigen higher stability. Immunogenic properties of RVLPs were similar to the native rubella virus in HI test with international reference human rubella serum and sera from convalescents after rubella. Serum of mice immunized with RVLP reacted similarly with RVLP antigens and native virus. Antigen for EIA from RVLP was prepared by concentrating RVLP from culture fluid and partial purification by ultracentrifugation. The results of human sera testing by HI and EIA with RVLP and native virus antigens coincided. RVLP are identical to antigenic structure of the virus, are stable and easily purified, and can therefore be used for commercial production of HI and EIA antigens.

Interaction of alcohol dehydrogenase with tert-butylhydroperoxide: stimulation of the horse liver and inhibition of the yeast enzymes.

Preincubation of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) with the oxidative agent, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) results in a twofold stimulation of the ethanol dehydrogenase activity of this enzyme. This stimulation was dependent on tBOOH concentration up to 100 mM; above this concentration tBOOH did not further stimulate ethanol oxidation by HLADH. Active-site-directed reagents and classical ADH binary complexes were used to probe the possible mechanism of this activating effect. The rate and extent of stimulation by tBOOH is strongly reduced by binary complexes with NAD(+) or NADH, whose pyrophosphate groups bind to Arg-47 and Arg-369. In contrast stimulation by tBOOH was not prevented by AMP or the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol and glutathione, suggesting, respectively, a lack of role for Lys-228 and sulfhydryl group oxidation in the stimulation by tBOOH. In contrast to the liver enzyme, treatment of yeast ADH (YADH) with tBOOH irreversibly inhibited its ethanol dehydrogenase activity. Inhibition of YADH by tBOOH approximated first-order rate kinetics with respect to enzyme at fixed concentrations of tBOOH between 0.5 to 300 mM. Four -SH groups per molecule of YADH were modified by tBOOH, whereas only two -SH groups were modified in HLADH. The stimulation of HLADH by tBOOH is suggested to be due to destabilization of the catalytic Zn-coordination sphere and amino acids associated with coenzyme binding in the active site, while inactivation of YADH appears to be associated with -SH group oxidation by the peroxide.

[MALT-lymphomas with primary gastric focus]. / MALT-limfomy s pervichnym porazheniem zheludka.

The peculiar features of the clinical course and treatment of primary gastric MALT-lymphoma in 7 patients are discussed. Diagnosis was established by morphological examination of resected material. Six patients had low-grade tumor while one showed signs of blast-transformation. Stage IEB disease was identified in 4 cases, IIEB--3. Complete remission duration after combined surgical and chemoradiation treatment ranged 3.5-80 months (mean duration--35.1 months), survival--5-84 months (mean duration--43.1 months). Relapse was registered in one case 3.5 months after operation.

[Application of argon coagulator in surgical treatment of ventral hernia]. / Ispol'zovanie argonovogo koaguliatora v khirurgicheskom lechenii ventral'nykh gryzh.

The results of the application of argon coagulator "Forse-40-GSU-System" in reconstruction of abdominal wall for ventral hernias are presented. The use of this coagulator provides decrease of intraoperative blood loss volume, an achievement of good results during the preparation of a skin flap for autodermoplasty.

[Role of putrescine and potassium transport in regulating the topological state of DNA during adaptation of Escherichia coli to temperature stress]. / Rol' transporta putrestsina i kaliia v reguliatsii topologicheskogo sostoianiia aDNK v protsesse adaptatsii Escherichia coli k temperaturnomu stressu.

The effect of a temperature increase to 52 degrees C or the addition of ethanol (6%) to an exponential Escherichia coli culture on putrescine and potassium transport was studied. The first stage of heat shock was accompanied by a decrease in the extent of DNA supercoiling, due to the dissociation of the putrescine-DNA complex. The loss of potassium ions at this phase produced a synergistic effect. The second phase of the heat shock was characterized by a reversal in the direction of putrescine and potassium transport, which was accompanied by restoration of the prestress extent of DNA supercoiling. An increase in the ATP pool and cell energy charge resulting from the uncoupling of the energy metabolism and synthetic processes also played an important role in the restoration of the DNA initial topology at the second phase of the heat shock via the activation of the energy-dependent gyrase or the heat shock protein DnaK. A mechanism is suggested that explains the involvement of putrescine in the regulation of DNA topology, which is a universal regulator of gene expression under stress, heat shock in particular.

Misexpression of disrupted HMGI architectural factors activates alternative pathways of tumorigenesis.

Cancer arises from aberrations in the genetic mechanisms that control growth and differentiation. HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) are members of the HMGI family of architectural factors expressed in embryonic or undifferentiated cells and highly associated with transformation. Translocations of 12q13-15 in lipomas (fat cell tumors) disrupt HMGI-C and fuse its DNA-binding domains to novel transcriptional regulatory domains. This study shows that in a rare, karyotypically distinct group of human lipomas, rearrangements of 6p21-23 produce internal deletions within HMGI(Y). Activation of the rearranged alleles leads to expression of aberrant HMGI(Y) transcripts in differentiated adipocytes. A molecular analysis of these transcripts demonstrates that fusion of HMGI DNA-binding domains to putative transcriptional regulatory domains was not necessary for lipoma formation. However, such fusions may facilitate tumor development because activation of the wild-type HMGI allele, normally required for tumorigenesis, is bypassed in lipomas which express chimeric HMGI proteins. We hypothesize that HMGI misexpression in a differentiated cell is a pivotal event in benign tumorigenesis, and the molecular pathway of tumor development depends upon the precise nature of HMGI disruption.

Disruption of the architectural factor HMGI-C: DNA-binding AT hook motifs fused in lipomas to distinct transcriptional regulatory domains.

Lipomas are one of the most common mesenchymal neoplasms in humans. They are characterized by consistent cytogenetic aberrations involving chromosome 12 in bands q14-15. Interestingly, this region is also the site of rearrangement for other mesenchymally derived tumors. This study demonstrates that HMGI-C, an architectural factor that functions in transcriptional regulation, has been disrupted by rearrangement at the 12q14-15 chromosomal breakpoint in lipomas. Chimeric transcripts were isolated from two lipomas in which HMGI-C DNA-binding domains (AT hook motifs) are fused to either a LIM or an acidic transactivation domain. These results, identifying a gene rearranged in a benign neoplastic process that does not proceed to a malignancy, suggest a role for HMGI-C in adipogenesis and mesenchyme differentiation.

[The late results of surgical interventions in radically inoperable stomach and colonic tumors]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty operativnykh vmeshatel'stv pri radikal'no inoperabel'nykh opukholiakh zheludka i obodochnoi kishki.

The long-term outcomes of palliative operations and diagnostic laparotomies in 98 patients with radically inoperable cancers of gastric-intestinal tract are analysed. Increased blood oncoantigene parameters are not to be considered as subclinical markers of oncological process. Though complex assessment of cancer patients' curability the parameters of oncoantigene content may occur to be useful in determination of the prognosis of life longitude of patients having undergone the primary tumour focus removal.

[The late results of surgical intervention in radically inoperable stomach cancer]. / Otdalennyi rezul'tat operativnogo vmeshatel'stva pri radikal'no neoperabel'nom rake zheludka.

A long-term result of palliative operations, as well as that of exploratory laparotomy in 74 patients with gastric cancer was studied. In patients with suspected radically inoperable form of gastric cancer, the efforts should be made to remove a neoplasm, i.e. gastric resection to be performed.

[Clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of exhibitionism]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskie osobennosti exhibitionism.

The author relates the results of ++clinico-psychopathological and sexological studies carried out in 61 men with the signs of exhibitionism. With the nosological qualification of the mental status of exhibitionists being diverse, the four uniform ++clinico-pathogenetic groups were distinguished: with the hypothalamic and temporal syndromes, ++non-processual autism syndromes, and schizophrenic defect. The involvement of biological factors in the genesis of pathological inclination is demonstrated to be of uncertain degree, depending on the classifying with the groups indicated. Heterogeneity dysontogenesis of the psychosexual development was discovered with the aid of sexological examination. At the same time the author proves the common character of the pathogenetic components of exhibitionism, lying in the unity of the constitutional basis for their individual characteristics.

The expression of skin-specific gene K51 in the epidermal layer of human skin and in basal cell carcinoma cells.

Gene K51 probe isolated previously from the rat genomic library has been used to study the expression of its human counterpart by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis. A polyA-containing transcript of human gene K51 of 3 kb size has been detected in embryonic skin. The gene is also expressed in the epidermis of newborn humans and adults, but not in the adjacent mesenchymal tissues. Immunostaining with keratin antisera revealed predominantly earlier stage expression of K51 than cytokeratin markers. Sebaceous and sweat glands also contain cells expressing K51 gene. K51 expression was found in the cells of eight individual basal cell carcinomas tested, with the level of expression lower than in keratinocytes from normal human epidermis. We propose that K51 gene expression could serve as a convenient marker for the study of the process of skin keratinocyte development and the changes in this process associated with skin cancers and dysplasia.