Valveless Trocar Versus Standard Pneumoperitoneum Insufflation System in Minimally Invasive Surgery: Impact on Postoperative Pain. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The benefits of a valid pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery are counterbalanced by the possible negative effects of increased abdominal pressure and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation, which are crucial factors in causing postoperative pain. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the valveless trocar (VT) insufflation system in decreasing postoperative pain and influencing operative time, compared to a standard insufflation system. Methods: A systematic research was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Central Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Plus for studies published up to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adult population evaluating the effects of VT versus a standard insufflation system in laparoscopic surgery and reporting postoperative pain level and operative time were included in the analysis. Data and study quality indicators were extracted independently by 2 authors using a standardized form. Statistical analysis was based on a random effect model, using the inverse variance method. Results: We identified 3 RCTs for a total of 245 patients. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in shoulder pain with the use of VT at 24 hours: mean difference (MD) -7.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -1.29 to 0.29; z = 3.08; P = .002) and a nonstatistically significant increase in operation time: MD 5.80 (95% CI: -8.93 to 20.54; P = .44). Conclusion: Our study suggests a better shoulder pain control at 24 hours postoperation using new-generation VT for laparoscopic surgery compared to standard insufflation system. Weak evidence of increased operating time with the VT was observed considering only two of the three RCTs. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191835.

[Two strategies of morphine administration on the control of post-surgical pain after anesthesia with remifentanil]. / Due strategie di somministrazione della morfina per il controllo del dolore post-chirurgico dopo anestesia con remifentanil.

AIM: The post-operative pain (POP) is accompanied by autonomic, psychological and behavioural responses which can result in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous bolus administration of morphine versus subcutaneous administration. MATERIAL OF STUDY: Fifty subjects scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were randomized into a group S (n = 26) and group E (n = 24). The first group was administered morphine (0.35 mg/kg) subcutaneously immediately after induction of anesthesia, while the second group the same drug at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg was administered intravenously 45' before the end of the intervention. All patients received intraoperative remifentanil (0.25-0.50 microg/kg/min), and at the end of surgery paracetameolo 1 g and ondansetron 4 mg. Upon awakening, the DPO has been reviewed by the NRS (numerical scale of pain) at time zero (TO), after 30' (t1), 1h (T2) and 24h (T3). Furthermore, it was annotated request for rescue doses of morphine and the collateral effects. RESULTS: The two study groups did not show significant differences related to the anthropometric characteristics, duration of surgery, type of surgery, ASA class. No difference between the two groups was highlighted during the evaluation of POP through NRS scale and quantity of "rescue" doses requested. In group E there was a single case of respiratory depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that whether intravenous or subcutaneous administration of morphine, both simple and economical analgesic techniques, they are able to guarantee the same quality control of POP in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.