Assuntos
COVID-19 , Laparoscopia , Pneumoperitônio , Abdome , Cadáver , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In this case-report, the Authors show the case of a sudden death occurred in a 38-year-old woman submitted to surgical excision of a right acoustic neurinoma. At the autopsy, was detected a cerebral hemorrhage with multifocal localization by a ruptured rare fungal aneurysm of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arthery (PICA). The PCR analysis, carried out on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, identified the Aspergillus Penicillioides as the involved pathogen. We discuss the main points of infectious aneurysms, being a potential neurosurgical complication.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: At present, the differential diagnosis of magnetic resonance imaging enhancing lesions can still be challenging. Preoperative imaging is a valuable tool characterized by high informative value, even if false-positive and false-negative results are possible. In this context, 5-aminolevulenic acid (5-ALA) represents a significant adjunct in glioblastoma (GBM) surgery displaying an assumed specific accumulation only in tumor cells. However, it was anecdotally reported that in some cases it can also be detected in nonneoplastic lesions mimicking GBM, thus potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Moreover, precise identification of involved pathogens from intraoperative brain samples may remain difficult. We report the case of an abscess from Aggregatibacter mimicking a GBM both during preoperative imaging and intraoperatively, since showing 5-ALA fluorescence. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54-year-old man presented with intense cephalalgia, vomiting, and scotomas in his left eye. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right temporo-occipital rim-enhancing mass, highly suggestive of a GBM, and for this reason the patient underwent 5-ALA-guided complete removal. Histopathologic analysis proved the lesion to be a bacterial abscess from Aggregatibacter as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction on bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid. CONCLUSIONS: 5-ALA fluorescence may not be specifically involved only in malignant tumor cells, thus raising the suspect for alternative diagnoses to GBM and inviting caution into fluorescence-guided surgery.
Assuntos
Ácido Aminolevulínico , Abscesso Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Aggregatibacter , Abscesso Encefálico/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare mycosis affecting almost exclusively immunocompetent subjects. METHODS: We describe a case of GIB caused by Basidiobolus ranarum in a 25-year-old Italian immunocompetent man resident in Ireland who presented a 2-month history of epigastric pain. Suspecting colon cancer he underwent a right hemicolectomy subsequently leading to a diagnosis of GIB by means of molecular biology. After surgery a 9-month therapy with itraconazole was employed with a good outcome. A review of medical literature regarding GIB cases published in the period 1964-2017 is presented. RESULTS: One-hundred and two cases of GIB were included in this analysis. The disease was observed predominantly in male gender (74.5%) and children (41.2%). Abdominal pain was the single most common complaint (86.3%) followed by fever (40.2%) and evidence of an abdominal mass (30.4%). Peripheral blood eosinophilia was detected in 85.7% of cases. Most of the patients were diagnosed in Saudi Arabia (37.2%) followed by USA (21.6%) and Iran (20.6%). Surgery plus antifungal therapy was employed in the majority of patients (77.5%). An unfavourable outcome was documented globally in 18.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: GIB seems to be an emerging intestinal mycosis among immunocompetent patients living in the Middle East and Arizona.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Zigomicose/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Humanos , Irlanda , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Zigomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Zigomicose/microbiologiaRESUMO
Calorie restriction extends life span in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Here, we report that calorie restriction for either 3 or 12 months induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate formation in various tissues of male mice. This was accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis, with increased oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate production, and an enhanced expression of sirtuin 1. These effects were strongly attenuated in eNOS null-mutant mice. Thus, nitric oxide plays a fundamental role in the processes induced by calorie restriction and may be involved in the extension of life span in mammals.
Assuntos
Restrição Calórica , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/biossíntese , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Indução Enzimática , Feminino , GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases/biossíntese , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III , Consumo de Oxigênio , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Sirtuína 1 , Sirtuínas/biossínteseRESUMO
Mammalian breast adipose tissue is replaced by a milk-secreting gland during pregnancy; the reverse process takes place upon interruption of lactation. Morphological and bromodeoxyuridine studies provide indirect evidence that mouse mammary adipocytes transform into secretory epithelial cells during pregnancy and revert to adipocytes after lactation. By using the Cre-loxP recombination system we show that the mammary gland of whey acidic protein (WAP)-Cre/R26R mice, in which secretory epithelial cells express the lacZ gene during pregnancy, contains labeled adipocytes during involution. Conversely, adipocyte P2-Cre/R26R mice, in which adipocytes are labeled before pregnancy, contain labeled secretory epithelial cells during pregnancy. We conclude that reversible adipocyte-to-epithelium and epithelium-to-adipocyte transdifferentiation occurs in the mammary gland of adult mice during pregnancy and lactation.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/citologia , Adipócitos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Feminino , Genes Reporter , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactação , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , GravidezRESUMO
We recently found that long-term exposure to nitric oxide (NO) triggers mitochondrial biogenesis in mammalian cells and tissues by activation of guanylate cyclase and generation of cGMP. Here, we report that the NO/cGMP-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with enhanced coupled respiration and content of ATP in U937, L6, and PC12 cells. The observed increase in ATP content depended entirely on oxidative phosphorylation, because ATP formation by glycolysis was unchanged. Brain, kidney, liver, heart, and gastrocnemius muscle from endothelial NO synthase null mutant mice displayed markedly reduced mitochondrial content associated with significantly lower oxygen consumption and ATP content. In these tissues, ultrastructural analyses revealed significantly smaller mitochondria. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the number of mitochondria was observed in the subsarcolemmal region of the gastrocnemius muscle. We conclude that NO/cGMP stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, and that this stimulation is associated with increased mitochondrial function, resulting in enhanced formation of ATP.
Assuntos
Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/biossíntese , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Glicólise , Humanos , Rim/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Musculares/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/deficiência , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III , Consumo de Oxigênio , Células PC12 , Ratos , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células U937RESUMO
Nitric oxide was found to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis in cells as diverse as brown adipocytes and 3T3-L1, U937, and HeLa cells. This effect of nitric oxide was dependent on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and was mediated by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by exposure to cold was markedly reduced in brown adipose tissue of endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant (eNOS-/-) mice, which had a reduced metabolic rate and accelerated weight gain as compared to wild-type mice. Thus, a nitric oxide-cGMP-dependent pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis and body energy balance.