A novel strategy for bioaerosol rapid detection based on broad-spectrum high-efficiency magnetic enrichment and separation combined with ATP bioluminescence.

Bioaerosol detection technology represented by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) cannot effectively detect bioaerosols in the presence of interferents such as plant-derived smoke, industrial waste gas, pollen and pollen debris which can produce strong non-biological fluorescence interference. To overcome this drawback, in this study, a novel method based on broad-spectrum high-efficiency magnetic enrichment and separation combined with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence was proposed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) bioaerosols rapid detection. First, E. coli bioaerosols mixed with interferents were collected. Core-shell Fe3O4@Polydopamine@Polyethyleneimine magnetic particles were used as bioaerosol enrichment materials to enrich E. coli bioaerosol sampling solutions. Subsequently, an ATP bioluminescence assay was performed to determine the concentration of E. coli. A linear relationship was observed between ATP bioluminescence intensity after enrichment and the E. coli bioaerosol concentration in the range of 870-49,098 particles per liter; the bioluminescence intensity measured after enrichment was significantly higher than that before enrichment, and this enrichment method provide a 6-fold better sensitivity in bioaerosol detection. More importantly, this method efficiently enriched and detected bioaerosols in plant-derived smoke. This method can effectively improve the sensitivity of ATP bioluminescence detection, and possesses the advantages of convenient operation and strong anti-interference ability. It also provides a foundation for the effective detection of bioaerosols mixed with interfering substances, and a reference for evaluating the sensitivity and anti-interference of LIF-based instruments.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence-based strategies for monitoring atmospheric bioaerosols.

Bioaerosols play a momentous role in the transmission of human infectious diseases, so there has been increasing concern over their exposure in recent years. Bioaerosol monitor is crucial in environmental fields. Based on the universal existence of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in bioaerosols, ATP bioluminescence can be used as a powerful technique to detect bioaerosols without interference from non-bioaerosols. When ATP is released from bioaerosols, they can quantify microbial biomass by ATP bioluminescence. In this review, we provide the latest methodological improvements that enable more reliable quantification of bioaerosols in complex environmental samples, especially the use of ATP bioluminescence in this era of technological advancement via the following routes: lower sample content for the trace existence of bioaerosols in the atmosphere, higher sensitivity of ATP bioluminescence reaction system and shorter process times. We also highlight the new techniques in improving the efficiencies of these monitoring processes. The purpose of this paper is to make more people realize the great potential of the ATP bioluminescence system for monitoring airborne microorganisms. Additionally, the present work intends to increase people's awareness of developing novel technology combined with ATP bioluminescence reaction system to realize rapid, real-time, and sensitive sensing of bioaerosols.Implications: The ATP bioluminescence methodology can not only eliminate the interference of co-existing nonbiological (fluorescent or PM) but also significantly improve the efficiency of bioaerosol. Recent progresses, such as the application of ATP fluorescence technology in bioaerosol monitoring, indicating that the efficiency and sensitivity are possible to be further improved. Nevertheless, there is no reviews address these advances and deeply analyze the application of ATP fluorescence technology in this field. his contribution will attract wide attention from both academic and industrial communities of this field, as well as researchers engaging in environmental monitoring. Furthermore, the strategies and techniques of studying the ATP bioluminescence reviewed here is instructive for environment monitoring in various fields. Therefore, in view of significance and broad interest, we feel strongly that our critical review is very essential to the field of public health security, pharmaceutics, anti-bioterrorism, etc., and would like it to be published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

A Potassium Ion-Exchanged Glass Optical Waveguide Sensor Locally Coated with a Crystal Violet-SiO2 Gel Film for Real-Time Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Simulant.

An optical waveguide (OWG) sensor was developed for real-time detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) vapor, which is a typical simulant for organophosphorus pesticides and chemical weapon agents. Silica gel, crystal violet (CV), and potassium ion-exchange (PIE) OWG were used to fabricate the sensor's device. In the real-time detection of the DCP vapor, the volume fraction of DCP vapor was recorded to be as low as 1.68 × 10-9. Moreover, the detection mechanism of CV-SiO2 gel film coated the PIE OWG sensor for DCP, which was evaluated by absorption spectra. These results demonstrated that the change of output light intensity of the OWG sensor significantly increased with the augment of the DCP concentration. Repeatability as well as selectivity of the sensors were tested using 0.042 × 10-6 and 26.32 × 10-6 volume fraction of the DCP vapor. No clear interference with the DCP detection was observed in the presence of other common solvents (e.g., acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran), benzene series (e.g., benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, and aniline), phosphorus-containing reagents (e.g., dimethyl methylphosphonate and trimethyl phosphate), acid, and basic gas (e.g., acetic acid and 25% ammonium hydroxide), which demonstrates that the OWG sensor could provide real-time, fast, and accurate measurement results for the detection of DCP.

Shufeng Jiedu Capsules Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammatory Injury via Activation of GPR18 by Verbenalin.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common reason for outpatient physician office visits. Although powerful and significant in the treatment of infections, antibiotics used for ARTI inappropriately have been an important contributor to antibiotic resistance. We previously reported that Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) can effectively amplify anti-inflammatory signaling during infection. In this study, we aimed to systematically explore its composition and the mechanism of its effects in ARTI. METHODS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAK) strain was used to generate a mouse model of ARTI, which were then treated with different drugs or compounds to determine the corresponding anti-inflammatory roles. High-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry. was conducted to detect the chemical compounds in SJC. RNAs from the lung tissues of mice were prepared for microarray analysis to reveal globally altered genes and the pathways involved after SJC treatment. RESULTS: SJC significantly inhibited the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors from PAK-induced mouse lung tissues or lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal macrophages. Verbenalin, one of the bioactive compounds identified in SJC, also showed notable anti-inflammatory effects. Microarray data revealed numerous differentially expressed genes among the different treatment groups; here, we focused on studying the role of GPR18. We found that the anti-inflammatory role of verbenalin was attenuated in GPR18 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice, although no statistically significant difference was observed in the untreated PAK-induced mice types. CONCLUSION: Our data not only showed the chemical composition of SJC, but also demonstrated that verbenalin was a significant anti-inflammatory compound, which may function through GPR18.