Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises 60-70% of diagnosed dementia cases, and is characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid peptide and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. Resveratrol is a neuroprotective agent acting in the prevention of redox impairment in addition to exerting anti-apoptotic actions on brain cells. An ability to reduce neuronal damage in patients with AD has been suggested by preclinical studies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the evidence in the published literature from studies that evaluated the effects of supplementation with resveratrol, alone or in a solution with glucose and malate (RGM), on the functional and cognitive performance of patients with AD, as assessed by validated instruments. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases including articles published up to August 2021. Randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials that reported cognitive and functional performance, as measured by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), Cooperative Study of Alzheimer's Disease-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), or the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), in AD patients treated with resveratrol, alone or as RGM, were included. RESULTS: After 1855 studies were identified, 24 RCTs underwent full-text review, with 20 studies excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, four RCTs were included in the qualitative analyses. The findings demonstrate that there are still few studies in humans, but they showed that this polyphenol acts in the delay of cognitive impairment in patients with AD, when administered alone or in combination with glucose and malate. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with resveratrol seems to influence the progressive cognitive and functional decline in AD patients, when compared with a placebo group. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021229234.

microRNAs associated to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer: A systematic review and pathway analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiotoxicity is a common and serious adverse effect of anthracycline therapy in breast cancer patients. The current criteria for cardiotoxicity are based on imaging and cardiac biomarkers. However, there is a need for new biomarkers to help with early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Several miRNAs have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and are biomarkers under investigation for cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science and Embase, until April 2020. Cohort studies that reported miRNA biomarkers in breast cancer patients with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and non-cardiotoxicity patients were included. Moreover, we searched the miRTarBase for experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions. RESULTS: Among the 209 studies retrieved, five fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Let-7f, miR-1, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-210 were validated in two population-based cohorts. The pro-angiogenic miRNAs let-7f, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-210 were significantly down-regulated in epirubicin-cardiotoxicity when compared to the non-cardiotoxicity group. miR-1 has been shown to provide diagnostic and prognostic information in the setting of myocardial infarction, but changes in its levels are controversial in doxorubicin-treated breast cancer patients with cardiotoxicity. Reactome pathways relevant to cardiotoxicity were found from the target genes for let-7f, miR-1, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-210 at miRTarBase. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that let-7f, miR-1, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-210 are associated with anthracycline-based cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.