Evaluation of Candida Albicans biofilm formation on various parts of implant material surfaces.

AIMS: Candida albicans adhesion to any oral substrata is the first and essential stage in forming a pathogenic fungal biofilm. In general, yeast cells have remarkable potential to adhere to host surfaces, such as teeth or mucosa, and to artificial, non-biological surfaces, such as dental materials. C. albicans adhesion to denture materials is widely recognized as the main reason for the development of stomatitis. This study compared the susceptibility of different parts of the implant system with C. albicans adhesion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each material maintained contact with C. albicans suspension, and biofilm formations around the implant materials were evaluated. To evaluate the biofilm formation, the XTT technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. RESULTS: In general, a fine biofilm layer of C. albicans species was found on the surface of all examined materials. However, when examining the SEM images, candidal growth was significantly lower on the surfaces of the gingival former, abutment, and machined surface implant samples. According to the colorimetric assay (XTT), the gingival former samples revealed the lowest quantity of biofilms formed (median XTT value, 0.0891) (P < 0.001). The abutment and machined surface implant samples had low XTT values with similar values. The highest median colorimetric XTT values (0.1741), significantly higher than those of the other materials (P < 0.001), were for the bone level implant samples. CONCLUSIONS: This finding emphasizes implant treatment would be chosen complacency in patients who are prone to oral candidosis, medically compromised patients under immunosuppression, and patients with tumor who are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation.

The identification of Meyerozyma guilliermondii from blood cultures and surveillance samples in a university hospital in Northeast Turkey: A ten-year survey.

Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii exists in human skin and mucosal surface microflora. It can cause severe fungal infections like candidemia, which is an opportunistic pathogen. One hundred and forty-one M. guilliermondii isolates, consisting of 122 blood culture isolates, belonging to 126 patients; 13 total parenteral nutrition solution isolates; and two rectal swab isolates were identified according to carbohydrate assimilation reactions in a university hospital in Turkey between January 2006 and December 2015. Following Candida albicans (34.0%) and C. parapsilosis (21.2%), the third yeast species most commonly isolated from blood cultures in the Farabi Hospital was M. guilliermondii (20.6%). The patients were hospitalised in 27 different departments. A total of 50% of the patients were in pediatric departments, 49.2% were in intensive care units, and 17.2% were in haematology-oncology departments. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed using DNA sequence analysis of ribosomal ITS gene regions and IGS amplification-AluI fingerprinting (IGSAF). With molecular identification, 140 isolates were identified as M. guilliermondii and one isolate was identified as Candida membranifaciens. It was observed that the ITS1 region specifically helps in identifying these species. It was demonstrated that biochemical and molecular methods were 99.3% consistent in identifying M. guilliermondii. The Wild-Type (WT) Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) distribution of fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were determined using the Sensititre YeastOne YO2V system after 24h of incubation. One M. guilliermondii strain was determined to be non-WT for fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and flucytosine. In total, three M. guilliermondii strains, for fluconazole, were determined to be non-WT in this study.

Evaluation of candida albicans biofilm formation on various dental restorative material surfaces.

AIMS: Candida adhesion to any oral substrata is the first and essential stage in forming a pathogenic fungal biofilm. In general, yeast cells have remarkable potential to adhere to host surfaces, such as teeth or mucosa, and to artificial, nonbiological surfaces, such as restorative dental materials. This study compared the susceptibility of six dental restorative materials to Candida albicans adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindrical samples of each material were made according to the manufacturersa instructions. The antifungal effect of the samples on C. albicans was determined with the disc-diffusion method. The samples were put in plates with sterile Mueller Hinton and Sabouraud dextrose agar previously seeded with C. albicans. After the incubation period, the inhibition zone around each sample was evaluated. To evaluate the biofilm formation, the XTT technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. RESULTS: No inhibition zone was observed around the samples. According to the XTT assays, the amalgam samples revealed the lowest quantity of biofilm formation (P > 0.001). The highest median XTT values, significantly higher than the other materials (P < 0.001), were found for the composite and the compomer samples. Within the SEM examination, the amount of candidal growth was significantly lower on the resin-modified glass ionomer and glass-ionomer cement samples. The compomer and the composite samples showed more candidal adhesion. CONCLUSION: This finding emphasizes the use of glass ionomer restorative cements and amalgam to reduce C. albicans adhesion to dental restorative materials especially in people with weakened immune systems, neutropenia, and cancer.

Breakthrough Trichosporon asahii fungemia in neutropenic patient with acute leukemia while receiving caspofungin.

A 47-year-old man with newly diagnosed acute myeloblastic leukemia and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed Trichosporon asahii fungemia while receiving caspofungin as empirical antifungal therapy. The diagnosis was based on repeated isolation of T. asahii in culture of blood for three times. Despite treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole, the patient died. The in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of the T. asahii isolates were only available after the patient died. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests showed high caspofungin and amphotericin B minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value for this Trichosporon strain (MICs, 16 microg/ml, and>32 microg/ml, respectively). Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole exhibited low MICs in vitro (MICs, 4 microg/ml, 0.5 microg/ml, and

Cytomegalovirus excretion in pregnant women in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.

AIM: The study was carried out to determine the viral excretion rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant women in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, and to observe how it compared with that in western countries. METHOD: Cervical excretion of cytomegalovirus by pregnant women was studied employing a highly sensitive CMV detection assay supported with fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibody directed against an immediate early antigen, known as DEAFF (detection of early antigen by fluorescent foci assay) test. RESULTS: CMV excretion rates during the third trimester of pregnancy were similar to the detection rates reported from most developed countries. Our results also showed that the rate of cervical CMV excretion was higher among pregnant women who had a history of more than one spontaneous abortion.

Frequency of bacterial vaginosis among women attending for intrauterine device insertion at an inner-city family planning clinic.

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of bacterial vaginosis in women attending an inner-city family planning clinic for intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. In a population of 86 women, eight (9.3%) and 20 (23.2%) were found to have bacterial vaginosis according to the criteria of Amsel and Nugent, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated in relation to bacterial vaginosis for Amsel's criteria. The detection of clue cells demonstrated excellent sensitivity (85%). Positive amine test and vaginal discharge demonstrated poor sensitivity (50% and 55%, respectively). Our results suggest that Gram staining of vaginal specimens may be of use to identify the presence of bacterial vaginosis prior to IUD insertion.