Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Hind Limb Muscles, Gait and Pain in Lame Dogs with Borderline-to-Severe Hip Dysplasia-A Pilot Study.

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) on hind limb muscles, gait and pain in lame dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia. Ten lame client-owned dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia, aged from 1.5 to 9.0 years and weighing 14.5 to 53.0 kg, were enrolled. The WBV training program consisted of 15 min sessions three times weekly for 16 weeks. Muscles of the hind limbs were evaluated using measurements of thigh circumference, the cross-sectional thickness of selected hind limb muscles by ultrasound assessment, and vastus lateralis muscle activity determined by surface electromyography (EMG). Lameness and clinical signs of pain were assessed by visual lameness scoring, orthopedic examination and an owner-based questionnaire. Kinetic analysis was performed by using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Manual thigh circumference measurements of both hind limbs showed significant increases over the trial period with a greater degree of change observed after week 8. Ultrasound measurements of the left gluteal muscles and the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs showed significant increases in the cross-section thickness post WBV. Owner's perception of pain also showed a decrease in signs of pain at week 12 and week 16 compared to baseline. Based on graphs of the EMG activity patterns of the vastus lateralis muscle, 65% of the hind limbs had an improvement after 48 WBV sessions when compared to pre-session patterns. However, no significant differences were observed in visual lameness evaluation and kinetic analysis. Therefore, further studies will help to better clarify the role of WBV in canine rehabilitation protocols.

Ultrasound in cervical traumatic neuromas after neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma patients: descriptive analysis and diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: Cervical traumatic neuromas (CTNs) may appear after lateral neck dissection for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. If they are misdiagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in follow-up neck ultrasound (US), unnecessary and uncomfortable fine-needle aspiration biopsy are indicated. The present study aimed to describe US features of CTNs and to assess the US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs. Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of neck US images of 206 consecutive patients who had lateral neck dissection as a part of thyroid cancer treatment to assess CTN´s US features. Diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs was performed. Results: Eight-six lateral neck nodules were selected for analysis: 38 CTNs and 48 abnormal LNs. CTNs with diagnostic cytology were predominantly hypoechogenic (100% vs. 45%; P = 0.008) and had shorter diameters than inconclusive cytology CTNs: short axis (0.39 cm vs. 0.50 cm; P = 0.03) and long axis (1.64 cm vs. 2.35 cm; P = 0.021). The US features with the best accuracy to distinguish CTNs from abnormal LNs were continuity with a nervous structure, hypoechogenic internal lines, short/long axis ratio ≤ 0.42, absent Doppler vascularization, fusiform morphology, and short axis ≤ 0.48 cm. Conclusion: US is a very useful method for assessing CTNs, with good performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs.

Brain glucose metabolism and gray matter volume in retired professional soccer players: a cross-sectional [18F]FDG-PET/MRI study / Metabolismo glicolítico cerebral e volume de substância cinzenta em jogadores de futebol profissionais aposentados: um estudo transversal de [18F]FDG-PET/RM

Abstract Background Professional soccer athletes are exposed to repetitive head impacts and are at risk of developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Objective To evaluate regional brain glucose metabolism (rBGM) and gray matter (GM) volume in retired soccer players (RSPs). Methods Male RSPs and age and sex-matched controls prospectively enrolled between 2017 and 2019 underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, brain MRI and [18F]FDG-PET in a 3.0-Tesla PET/MRI scanner. Visual analysis was performed by a blinded neuroradiologist and a blinded nuclear physician. Regional brain glucose metabolism and GM volume were assessed using SPM8 software. Groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests available at SPM8 and R. Results Nineteen RSPs (median [IQR]: 62 [50-64.5] years old) and 20 controls (60 [48-73] years old) were included. Retired soccer players performed worse on mini-mental state examination, digit span, clock drawing, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests, and had reduced rBGM in the left temporal pole (pFDR = 0.008) and the anterior left middle temporal gyrus (pFDR = 0.043). Semantic verbal fluency correlated with rBGM in the right hippocampus, left temporal pole, and posterior left middle temporal gyrus (p ≤ 0.042). Cray matter volume reduction was observed in similar anatomic regions but was less extensive and did not survive correction for multiple comparisons (pFDR ≥ 0.085). Individual [18F]FDG-PET visual analysis revealed seven RSPs with overt hypometabolism in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and temporoparietal regions. Retired soccer players had a higher prevalence of septum pellucidum abnormalities on MRI. Conclusion Retired soccer players had reduced rBCM and CM volume in the temporal lobes and septum pellucidum abnormalities, findings possibly related to repetitive head impacts.

Resumo Antecedentes Jogadores profissionais de futebol estão expostos a impactos cranianos repetitivos e ao risco de desenvolver encefalopatia traumática crônica. Objetivo Avaliar o metabolismo glicolítico cerebral regional (MCCr) e o volume de substância cinzenta (vSC) em jogadores de futebol aposentados (JFAs). Métodos Jogadores de futebol aposentados masculinos e controles pareados por idade e sexo foram incluídos prospectivamente entre 2017 e 2019. Foram realizadas avaliações neurológica e neuropsicológica, ressonância magnética (RM) e [18F]FDG-PET cerebrais (3.0-Tesla PET/RM). As imagens foram analisadas visualmente por um neurorradiologista e um médico nuclear cegos ao grupo de cada participante. O metabolismo glicolítico cerebral regional e o vSC foram avaliados através do programa SPM8. Os grupos foram comparados através de testes estatísticos apropriados disponíveis em SPM8 e R, de acordo com a distribuição e o tipo dos dados. Resultados Dezenove JFAs (mediana [IIQ]: 62 [50-64.5] anos) e 20 controles (60 [48-73] anos) foram incluídos. Os JFAs tiveram pior desempenho no mini-exame do estado mental e nos testes de dígitos, desenho do relógio, fluência verbal e fluência semântica e apresentaram MCCr significativamente reduzido no polo temporal e no giro temporal médio anterior esquerdos. Fluência semântica (animais) apresentou correlação positiva com MCCr no hipocampo direito, no polo temporal esquerdo e no aspecto posterior do giro temporal médio esquerdo. Menor vSC foi observado nas mesmas regiões, porém este achado não sobreviveu à correção para comparações múltiplas. Análise individual do [18F]FDG-PET cerebral revelou sete JFAs com claro hipometabolismo nas faces medial e lateral dos lobos temporais, nos lobos frontais e nas regiões temporoparietais. Os JFAs apresentaram ainda maior prevalência de anormalidades do septo pelúcido. Conclusão Os JFAs apresentam MCCr e vSC reduzidos nos lobos temporais, além de anormalidades do septo pelúcido, achados possivelmente relacionados a impactos cranianos repetitivos.

Ultrasound in cervical traumatic neuromas after neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma patients: descriptive analysis and diagnostic accuracy

ABSTRACT Objective: Cervical traumatic neuromas (CTNs) may appear after lateral neck dissection for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. If they are misdiagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in follow-up neck ultrasound (US), unnecessary and uncomfortable fine-needle aspiration biopsy are indicated. The present study aimed to describe US features of CTNs and to assess the US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs. Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of neck US images of 206 consecutive patients who had lateral neck dissection as a part of thyroid cancer treatment to assess CTN's US features. Diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate US performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs was performed. Results: Eight-six lateral neck nodules were selected for analysis: 38 CTNs and 48 abnormal LNs. CTNs with diagnostic cytology were predominantly hypoechogenic (100% vs. 45%; P = 0.008) and had shorter diameters than inconclusive cytology CTNs: short axis (0.39 cm vs. 0.50 cm; P = 0.03) and long axis (1.64 cm vs. 2.35 cm; P = 0.021). The US features with the best accuracy to distinguish CTNs from abnormal LNs were continuity with a nervous structure, hypoechogenic internal lines, short/long axis ratio ≤ 0.42, absent Doppler vascularization, fusiform morphology, and short axis ≤ 0.48 cm. Conclusion: US is a very useful method for assessing CTNs, with good performance in distinguishing CTNs from abnormal LNs.

Topics in the routine assessment of newborn kitten vitality: Apgar score, reflexes and complementary assessments.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform neonatal clinical assessments at birth to identify newborn kittens at risk according to type of delivery, thus allowing immediate intervention and increasing their chances of survival. METHODS: This study compared Apgar scores, reflexes and clinical parameters (temperature, weight, blood glucose and peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2]) between eutocic neonates and those delivered by emergency cesarean section. The animals were evaluated at birth and after 10 and 60 mins. RESULTS: Thirty-two neonates were evaluated, with 19 animals in the eutocic group (EG) and 13 animals in the cesarean group (CG). When comparing groups, CG neonates had significantly lower Apgar scores (P <0.0001), lower SpO2 (P = 0.0535), higher blood glucose (P = 0.0009), reduced reflexes (P <0.0001) and lower respiratory rates (P <0.0001) at birth and after 10 and 60 mins than EG neonates. Apgar scores positively correlated with parameters such as heart rate, reflex score, SpO2 and weight. The mortality rate in evaluated newborns was 15.6% (5/32). The early mortality rate (0-2 days old) was 80% (4/5) and the late mortality rate (3-30 days old) was 20% (1/5). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study showed lower vitality in cats delivered by emergency cesarean section than in those delivered through eutocic birth. In general, neonates delivered by cesarean section have greater depression and low vitality at birth and may require advanced resuscitation procedures. The evaluations carried out in this study identified newborns with low vitality and those requiring advanced resuscitation, thus allowing immediate intervention. Apgar and reflex scores for feline neonates were suggested. Newborn-specific clinical assessment with these feline vitality scores allows the identification of at-risk neonates. Care immediately after birth increases the chance of survival among these patients.

Use of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide or ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit's stifles. METHODS: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) - saline solution (0.9%); G2 - hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 - ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. RESULTS: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. CONCLUSIONS: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Use of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide or ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbits

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles.Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusions: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Quasi-Experimental study of effects of lighting on rest, activity and melatonin in postpartum women / Estudo Quasi-Experimental dos efeitos da iluminação no repouso, atividade e melatonina em puérperas / Estudio cuasiexperimental de los efectos de la iluminación em reposo, actividad y melatonina em mujeres posparto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to compare the parameters of the activity/rest cycle of early postpartum breastfeeding women under a controlled and uncontrolled long wavelength ray light regimen. Methods: quasi-experimental study with breastfeeding women and their babies during postnatal rooming-in, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were allocated to either an experimental (intervention) or a comparison group. The intervention involved exposure of the woman in a controlled room with artificial long wavelength ray light at night. Each woman's level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin at 24 hours and activity/rest times was analyzed. Results: the mean activity/rest times of women in the experimental and comparison groups were similar. The mean percentages of total load of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin during the day and night were similar (p=0.09). At 24 hours, the experimental group presented a significantly lower mean percentage of total load compared to the comparison group (p=0.04). Conclusions: women who stayed in the room with long-wavelength artificial light showed no difference in activity/rest and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels in the early postpartum period.

RESUMO Objetivos: comparar os parâmetros do ciclo de atividade/descanso de puérperas lactantes no início do pós-parto sob regime de iluminação com raios de comprimento de onda longo controlado e descontrolado. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental com lactantes e seus bebês em alojamento conjunto, São Paulo, Brasil. Os participantes foram alocados para grupos experimental (intervenção) ou de comparação. A intervenção consistia na exposição em uma sala controlada com iluminação artificial de raios de comprimento de onda longo à noite. Foram analisados os horários de atividade/repouso (horas) e nível de 6-sulfatoximelatonina em 24 horas. Resultados: a atividade média e os tempos de repouso das mulheres nos grupos experimental e comparação foram semelhantes. Os percentuais médios de volume total de 6-sulfatoximelatonina durante o dia e a noite foram semelhantes (p=0,09). Em 24 horas, o grupo experimental apresentou percentual médio significantemente menor de volume total em relação ao grupo comparação (p=0,04). Conclusões: as mulheres que permaneceram no quarto com luz artificial de comprimento de onda longa não apresentaram diferenças nos níveis de atividade/repouso e 6-sulfatoximelatonina no início do período pós-parto.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comparar parámetros del ciclo actividad/descanso en madres lactantes en posparto temprano bajo régimen lumínico de rayos de longitud de onda larga controlado y no controlado. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental con madres lactantes y sus bebés, São Paulo, Brasil. Las participantes fueron asignadas a grupos experimental (intervención) y comparación, consistente en exposición en habitación controlada con luz artificial de rayos de longitud de onda larga durante la noche. Se analizaron tiempos de actividad/descanso (horas) y nivel de 6-sulfatoximelatonina a las 24 horas. Resultados: actividad media y tiempos de descanso fueron similares en grupos comparación e intervención. Porcentajes promedio de volumen total de 6-sulfatoximelatonina durante día y noche resultaron similares (p=0,09). A las 24 horas, el grupo intervención presentó porcentaje promedio de volumen total significantemente menor comparado con grupo comparación (p=0,04). Conclusiones: las mujeres expuestas a luz artificial de longitud de onda larga no mostraron diferencias en niveles actividad/descanso y 6-sulfatoximelatonina durante el posparto temprano.

Laser Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Pilot Study With a Preliminary Analysis of the Employed Energy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided laser ablation of benign thyroid nodules (TNs) under different amounts of applied energy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four euthyroid patients with 5-18 ml TNs were enrolled: 21 (laser ablation) and 13 (clinical follow up) patients with a mean age of 56.2 ± 12.0 and 54.7 ± 14.7 years, respectively. The laser ablation protocol used a 1.064 mm wavelength diode laser source; 3.5 W output power; 1,100-1,500 J and 5-8 min/illumination; and one or two fibers/session. Clinical, laboratory, and US data were obtained immediately before treatment and at 6 and 12 months follow-up and were analyzed by Student's t test and Fisher's exact test. Low- and high-energy subgroups were subsequently defined, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. RESULTS: Laser ablation follow-up showed an overall nodule volume reduction of more than 50%; improvement of symptoms and cosmetic complaints (P = 0.001); and stable laboratory data compared with the baseline and control groups. Minor complications were 9.5% ( n = 2). One or two fibers/session resulted in a similar nodule volume reduction among 10-18 ml nodules. Analysis of the applied energy suggested a 398.8 J/ml inferior cutoff (ROC curve: 0.889 sensitivity; 0.545 specificity) for the high-energy subgroup ( n = 14, mean 599.9 ± 136.5 J/ml) to reduce the nodule volume over time (-55.1% vs. -58.4%, P = 0.55). The low-energy subgroup ( n = 7, mean 240.2 ± 74.6 J/ml) did not show a persistent volume reduction ( P < 0.05) from the 6- to 12-month follow-ups (-56.6% vs. -53.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Laser ablation of benign TNs achieved technique efficacy at 12 months posttreatment, with clinical improvement and few minor side effects. A single fiber in a single session with a high deployed energy (>398.8 J/ml) may be associated with improved results, a finding to be confirmed with a larger series. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Preterm Parenting & Self-efficacy Checklist / Adaptación transcultural de Preterm Parenting & Self-efficacy Checklist / Adaptação transcultural do Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist to the Brazilian Portuguese. Method: A methodological study was carried out with 51 parents of premature infants. Data analysis was based on psychometric and inferential statistical analyses. Results: The instrument content validation by experts obtained excellent agreement (97%) and the semantic analysis by the target population showed good understanding of the terms and ease of use. In test-retest, most participants were female (64.7%); and parents with higher education (47.1%). The instrument showed stability over time, with good internal consistency (α = 0.84). Four factors were generated in the subscales parenting self-efficacy, importance of tasks and self-perceived parental competence (67.0% to 74.2% of the variance). Conclusion: The properties of the Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist - Brazilian Version were maintained, which is a reliable indicator to evaluate the hospital discharge of premature infants.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar la adaptación transcultural de Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist para el portugués de Brasil. Método: Estudio metodológico, en el cual participaron 51 padres de recién nacidos prematuros. En el análisis de datos se utilizaron la psicometría y la estadística inferencial. Resultados: La validación de contenido del instrumento por los expertos obtuvo una concordancia excelente (97%), y el análisis semántico con la población demostró comprensión de los términos y facilidad en su utilización. En el test-retest, hubo la mayoría de participantes del sexo femenino (64,7%); y de padres con enseñanza superior (47,1%). El instrumento fue estable a lo largo del tiempo, presentando una buena consistencia interna (α = 0.84). Se generaron cuatro factores en las subescalas: autoeficacia parental; importancia de las tareas; y competencia parental autopercibida (del 67,0% al 74,2% de la varianza). Conclusión: Las propiedades de Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist -versión brasileña- se mantuvieron, lo que configura como un indicador fiable de evaluación del alta hospitalaria del prematuro.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação transcultural do Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist para o português brasileiro. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado com 51 pais de recém-nascidos prematuros. A análise dos dados utilizou-se da psicometria e da estatística inferencial. Resultados: A validação de conteúdo do instrumento pelos especialistas obteve concordância excelente (97%), e a análise semântica com a população-alvo demonstrou compreensão dos termos e facilidade na sua utilização. No teste-reteste, houve maioria de participantes do sexo feminino (64,7%) e de pais com ensino superior (47,1%). O instrumento apresentou estabilidade ao longo do tempo, com boa consistência interna (α = 0.84). Quatro fatores foram gerados nas subescalas "autoeficácia parental", "importância das tarefas" e "competência parental autopercebida" (67,0% a 74,2% da variância). Conclusão: Houve a manutenção das propriedades do Preterm Parenting & Self-Efficacy Checklist - Versão Brasileira, que se configura como um indicador confiável para avaliar a alta hospitalar do prematuro.

Randomized clinical study on radial artery compression time after elective coronary angiography / Estudo clínico randomizado sobre o tempo de compressão da artéria radial pós-cinecoronariografia eletiva / Estudio clínico aleatorizado sobre el tiempo de compresión de la arteria radial después de cinecoronariografía electiva

Objective to compare two compression times of the radial artery after coronary angiography with customized compressive dressing regarding the occurrence of hemostasis and vascular complications. Method a randomized clinical study was carried out in patients undergoing elective transradial coronary angiography in two study groups: (G30), whose compressive dressing was maintained for 30 minutes, and (G60), whose compressive dressing was maintained for 60 minutes, both until the first evaluation of hemostasis. Variables related to patients, procedure, occurrence of hemostasis, and vascular complications were analyzed. Patency of the radial artery was assessed with Doppler vascular ultrasonography, immediately after removing the compressive dressing and 30 days after the procedure. Results the sample consisted of 152 patients in G30 and 151 in G60. Hemostasis was evidenced in the first evaluation in 76.3% of G30 patients and 84.2% of G60 patients (p = 0.063). There were 91 immediate complications, being 53 hematomas and 38 occlusions of the radial artery. We identified 18 late occlusions, 7 (5.5%) in G30 and 11 (8.2%) in G60. Conclusion the different compression times of the radial artery after coronary angiography did not significantly influence the occurrence of hemostasis and vascular complications. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Rebec): RBR-7VJYMJ.

Objetivo comparar dois tempos de compressão da artéria radial pós-cinecoronariografia com curativo compressivo customizado, quanto à ocorrência de hemostasia e de complicações vasculares. Método estudo clínico randomizado realizado em pacientes submetidos a cinecoronariografia eletiva pelo acesso transradial, alocados em dois grupos de estudo: G30, cujo curativo compressivo foi mantido por 30 minutos, e G60, no qual o curativo foi mantido por 60 minutos, ambos até a primeira avaliação de hemostasia. Foram avaliadas variáveis relativas aos pacientes, procedimento, ocorrência de hemostasia e complicações vasculares. A patência da artéria radial foi avaliada com ultrassonografia vascular com Doppler, imediatamente após a retirada da compressão e após 30 dias do procedimento. Resultados a amostra foi composta de 152 pacientes no G30 e 151 no G60. A hemostasia foi evidenciada na primeira avaliação em 76,3% dos pacientes do G30 e em 84,2% do G60 (p=0,063). Ocorreram 91 complicações imediatas, sendo 53 hematomas e 38 oclusões da artéria radial. Foram identificadas 18 oclusões tardias, sendo 7 (5,5%) no G30 e 11 (8,2%) no G60. Conclusão os diferentes tempos de compressão da artéria radial, após cinecoronariografia, não influenciaram significativamente a ocorrência de hemostasia e complicações vasculares. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (Rebec): RBR-7VJYMJ.

Objetivo comparar dos tiempos de compresión de la arteria radial, después de cinecoronariografía con curativo compresivo personalizado, referido a la ocurrencia de hemostasia y de complicaciones vasculares. Método estudio clínico aleatorizado realizado en pacientes sometidos a cinecoronariografía electiva por acceso transradial, asignados en dos grupos de estudio: (G30) cuyo curativo compresivo fue mantenido por 30 minutos y (G60) en el cual el curativo fue mantenido por 60 minutos; ambos hasta la primera evaluación de hemostasia. Fueron evaluadas variables relativas a: pacientes, procedimiento, ocurrencia de hemostasia y complicaciones vasculares. La capacidad de mantener desobstruida la arteria radial fue evaluada con ultrasonografia vascular con Doppler, inmediatamente después de la retirada de la compresión y después de 30 días del procedimiento. Resultados la muestra estuvo compuesta por 152 pacientes en el G30 y 151 en el G60. La hemostasia fue evidenciada en la primera evaluación en 76,3% de los pacientes del G30 y en 84,2% del G60 (p=0,063). Ocurrieron 91 complicaciones inmediatas, siendo 53 hematomas y 38 oclusiones de la arteria radial. Fueron identificadas 18 oclusiones tardías, siendo 7(5,5%%) en el G30 y 11(8,2%) en el G60. Conclusión los diferentes tiempos de compresión de la arteria radial después de cinecoronariografía no influenciaron significativamente la ocurrencia de hemostasia y complicaciones vasculares. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (Rebec): RBR-7VJYMJ.

Sleep and salivary cortisol in preterm neonates: a clinical, randomized, controlled, crossover study / Sueño y cortisol salival en prematuros: ensayo clínico, aleatorio, controlado, cruzado / Sono e cortisol salivar em prematuros: ensaio clínico, randômico, controlado, cruzado

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the influence of ear protectors on the baseline levels of salivary cortisol and response and total sleep time of preterm neonates during two periods of environmental management of a neonatal intermediate care unit. Method: A clinical, randomized, controlled and crossover study conducted with 12 preterm neonates. The use of ear protectors was randomized in two periods. Sleep evaluation was performed using one Alice 5 Polysomnography System and unstructured observation. Results: No significant difference was observed between the baseline levels of salivary cortisol and response in preterm neonates from the control and experimental groups, and no statistical significance was observed between the total sleep time of both groups. No relationship was observed between the baseline levels of cortisol and response and total sleep time. Conclusion: Ear protectors in preterm neonates did not influence the salivary cortisol level and total sleep time in the studied periods.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Certificar la influencia del uso de protectores auriculares en los niveles de cortisol salival basal y la respuesta y en el tiempo total de sueño de prematuros durante dos períodos de manejo del ambiente de una unidad de cuidado intermedio neonatal. Método: Ensayo clínico, aleatorio, controlado y cruzado conducido en 12 prematuros. El uso de protectores auriculares ha sido aleatorio en dos períodos. La evaluación del sueño ha sido realizada por medio del aparato de polisomnografía Alice 5 y de la observación no estructurada. Resultados: No ha habido diferencia significante entre los niveles de cortisol salival basal y la respuesta en los prematuros de los grupos control y experimental, no habiendo también significancia estadística entre el tiempo total de sueño de los dos grupos. No ha sido observada la relación entre los niveles de cortisol basal y la respuesta y el tiempo total de sueño. Conclusión: Los protectores auriculares en los prematuros no han influenciado el nivel de cortisol salival y el tiempo total de sueño en los períodos estudiados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência do uso de protetores auriculares nos níveis de cortisol salivar basal e resposta e no tempo total de sono de prematuros durante dois períodos de manejo do ambiente de uma unidade de cuidado intermediário neonatal. Método: Ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado e cruzado conduzido em 12 prematuros. O uso de protetores auriculares foi randomizado em dois períodos. A avaliação do sono foi realizada por meio do polissonígrafo Alice 5 e da observação não estruturada. Resultados: Não houve diferença significante entre os níveis de cortisol salivar basal e resposta nos prematuros dos grupos controle e experimental, não havendo também significância estatística entre o tempo total de sono dos dois grupos. Não foi observada relação entre os níveis de cortisol basal e resposta e o tempo total de sono. Conclusão: Os protetores auriculares nos prematuros não influenciaram o nível de cortisol salivar e o tempo total de sono nos períodos estudados.

O efeito da manipulação sobre o sono do recém-nascido prematuro / The effects of handling on the sleep of preterm infants

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os tipos das manipulações realizadas em recém-nascidos prematuros e avaliar a influência sobre os tempos totais de sono, vigília e as variáveis objetivas do sono. Métodos: Estudo observacional e de correlação realizado em uma unidade neonatal de hospital universitário. A amostra foi constituída por 12 recém-nascidos prematuros que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos para o estudo. Os dados foram coletados no período de março de 2013 à abril de 2014 e obtidos por meio do polissonígrafo, filmagem e observação durante 24 horas, ininterruptas. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, teste de Friedman, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear, com valores significantes p<0,05. Resultados: Os prematuros estudados eram predominantemente tardios, do sexo feminino, com baixo peso ao nascer e idade cronológica média de 14 dias. Os neonatos foram manipulados em média 176,4(±37,9) vezes durante as 24 horas, sendo que 58% das manipulações foram para monitoramento. A proporção do tempo total de sono foi 57,2% em 24 horas. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as frequências e os tempos de duração das manipulações diretas e do ambiente com o sono dos RNPT em 24 horas. A forma única apresentou correlação fortemente positiva com a vigília. Conclusão: As manipulações relacionaram-se ao monitoramento, terapêutica/diagnóstica e cuidados de higiene e conforto, com prevalência das manipulações diretas e únicas, não sendo identificada influência estatisticamente significante sobre as variáveis objetivas do sono, com exceção das manipulações únicas que apresentaram correlação com o tempo de vigília.

Abstract Objective: Identify the types of handling procedures performed on preterm infants and assess their influence on total sleep time, wake time and the objective sleep variables. Methods: Observational and correlational study conducted in the neonatal unit of a teaching hospital. The sample was made up of 12 preterm infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established for the study. Data were collected from March 2013 to April 2014, by means of polysomnography, filming and observation for 24 uninterrupted hours. Descriptive statistics, the Friedman test, Pearson's correlation and linear regression, with significant values of p<0.05, were used. Results: The preterm infants studied were predominantly late preterm, female, with low birth weight, and a mean chronological age of 14 days. The newborns were handled an average of 176.4 (±37.9) times during a 24-hour period; 58% of the handling procedures were for monitoring. The proportion of total sleep time was 57.2% in 24 hours. There was no statistically significant correlation between frequency and duration of direct and ambient handling and the sleep of preterm infants in a 24-hour period. Single handling procedures had a strong positive correlation with wake time. Conclusion: Handling was related to monitoring, therapeutic/diagnostic and hygiene/comfort, with a prevalence of direct, single handling procedures. No statistically significant influence on the objective sleep variables was identified, except for single handling procedures where there was a correlation with wake time.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the impact of methylphenidate on working memory, inhibition capacity and mental flexibility / Transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH): o impacto do metilfenidato na memória operacional, capacidade inibitória e flexibilidade mental

ABSTRACT Objective To compare children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), before and after the use of methylphenidate, and a control group, using tests of working memory, inhibition capacity and mental flexibility. Methods Neuropsychological tests were administrated to 53 boys, 9–12 years old: the WISC-III digit span backward, and arithmetic; Stroop Color; and Trail Making Tests. The case group included 23 boys with ADHD, who were combined type, treatment-naive, and with normal intelligence without comorbidities. The control group (n = 30) were age and gender matched. After three months on methylphenidate, the ADHD children were retested. The control group was also retested after three months. Results Before treatment, ADHD children had lower scores than the control group on the tests (p ≤ 0.001) and after methylphenidate had fewer test errors than before (p ≤ 0.001) Conclusion Methylphenidate treatment improves the working memory, inhibitory control and mental flexibility of ADHD boys.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) com controles, utilizando testes de memória de trabalho, capacidade inibitória e flexibilidade mental, em meninos de 9 a 12 anos. Métodos Testes neuropsicológicos administrados: teste de ordem inversa dos dígitos, teste aritmético (WISC-III), Teste Stroop e Teste de Trilhas. Grupo experimental meninos (n=23), com TDAH combinado, virgens de tratamento, inteligência normal sem comorbidades. Grupo controle (n = 30) com as mesmas características do grupo experimental em termos de idade e sexo. Após três meses com metilfenidato, os grupos TDAH e controle foram novamente testadas. Resultados Antes do tratamento, as crianças com TDAH apresentaram menor pontuação do que o grupo controle nos testes analisados (p≤ 0.001) e o grupo com TDAH apresentou menos erros nos testes após metilfenidato (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusão O tratamento com metilfenidato melhora a memória de trabalho, controle inibitório e flexibilidade mental de meninos com TDAH.

Caracterização do perfil auditivo de frentistas de postos de combustível / Characterization of hearing profile of gas station attendants

RESUMO Introdução Pesquisas voltadas para as populações com baixas exposições a solventes, ou exposições dentro dos níveis de tolerância permitidos em âmbito ocupacional ainda são restritas. Objetivo Caracterizar o perfil auditivo de frentistas de postos de combustíveis. Métodos Estudo transversal, constituído por dois grupos, pareados por gênero e idade: Grupo Controle - 23 indivíduos sem exposição a ruído ou agentes químicos; Grupo Experimental - 21 frentistas de postos de combustíveis. Foi realizada avaliação audiológica, composta por audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria e medidas de imitância acústica. A análise estatística utilizou cálculo de média, desvio padrão, valor mínimo e máximo, teste Qui-quadrado e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram verificadas alterações auditivas nos frentistas, caracterizadas por comprometimento no sistema auditivo periférico, sugerindo ação tóxica da exposição a combustíveis. Houve correlação entre idade e tempo de exposição a solvente. Na comparação entre os grupos, o reflexo acústico demonstrou maior número de alterações no grupo experimental, com diferença para os reflexos acústicos ipsilaterais da orelha direita e contralaterais da orelha esquerda. Conclusão Não houve diferença entre os grupos para os limiares auditivos, porém, a diferença verificada nos reflexos acústicos ipsilaterais e contralaterais no grupo experimental sugere comprometimento retrococlear. Diante das evidências observadas neste estudo, considera-se relevante incluir a pesquisa do reflexo acústico na avaliação auditiva dos frentistas, bem como a integração desta categoria profissional aos programas de prevenção de perda auditiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction Researches into populations with low solvent exposures, or exposures within tolerance levels allowed in the occupational field are still restricted. Purpose To characterize the hearing profile of gas station attendants. Methods Cross-sectional study, constituted of two groups, matched by gender and age: Control Group - 23 subjects without exposure to noise or chemicals; Experimental Group - 21 gas station attendants. An audiological evaluation was performed, composed by pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and acoustic impedance tests. The statistical analysis used average calculation, standard deviation, minimum and maximum value; Chi-square Test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The significance level was 5%. Results Hearing loss was verified in gas station attendants characterized by impairment of the peripheral auditory system, suggesting toxic effects of exposure to fuels. There was a correlation between age and solvent exposure time. Comparing the groups, the acoustic reflex showed more alterations in the experimental group, with a difference for the ipsilateral acoustic reflexes of the right ear and contralateral ones of the left ear. Conclusion There was no difference between the groups for the hearing thresholds; however, the difference observed in the ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes in the experimental group suggests retrocochlear impairment. Due to the evidence observed in this study, it is considered relevant to include the acoustic reflex research in the auditory evaluation of the gas station attendants, as well as the integration of this professional category into hearing loss prevention programs.

A influência da espiritualidade na qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico: reflexão bioética / The influence of spirituality in the quality of life of cancer patients: bioethical reflection

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou verificar o impacto da espiritualidade no enfrentamento do processo de adoecimento e na qualidade de vida em pacientes com de diagnóstico de câncer. Método: O estudo foi realizado com em 30 pacientes com idade média de 46,6±14 anos, 52% eram do gênero feminino, 56% católicos e 72% casados, Resultados: Identificou-se para o conceito de fé pessoal 32,1 ±3; prática religiosa 29,5 ±7 e paz espiritual 32 ±6, A média dos escores para a qualidade de vida global foi 3,9± 1 e a satisfação com a saúde 3,6± 1, Quanto à associação do escore total da escala de espiritual idade com os domínios de qualidade de vida (físico, psicológico, social e meio ambiente), observou-se apenas a associação da espiritual idade com o domínio físico, Conclusão: Concluindo os elevados escores de paz espiritual em pacientes oncológicos, demonstrou impactar na qualidade de vida promovendo o enfrentamento da doença.

Objective: We examined the impact of spirituality in coping with the disease process and the quality of life in patients with a diagnosis of cancer Method: The study was conducted in 30 patients with mean age of 46,6 ± 14 years, 52% were female, 56% Catholic and 72% rnarried. Results: We identified the concept of personal faith 32,1 ± 3; religious practice and 29.5 ± 7 32 ± 6 spiritual peace. Mean scores for overall quality of life was 3,9 ± 1, and satisfaction with health 3,6 ± 1, In relation the association of the total score of spirituality with the areas of quality of life (physical, psychological, social and environment), we observed the association of the spirituality with the physical domam. Conclusion: In conclusion the high scores of spiritual peace in cancer patient, demonstrated impact on quality of life by promoting coping with the disease.

Objetivo: Valorar el impacto de la espiritualidad para lidiar con el proceso de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida en pacientes con un diagnóstico de cáncer, Método: El estudio se realizó en 30 pacientes con edad media de 46,6 ± 14 anos, el 52 % eran mujeres, 56% católica y se casó con un 72%, Resultados: Se identificó el concepto de Ia fe personal 32,1 ± 3; la práctica religiosa y de 29,5 ± 7 32 ± 6 Ia paz espiritual. Las puntuaciones medias de calidad de vida fue de 3,9 ± 1, Y Ia satisfacción con Ia salud de 3,6 ± 1, En cuanto a la asociación de la puntuación total de la espiritualidad con las áreas de calidad de vida (física, psicológica, social y medio ambiente), que sólo se observa la asociación de la espiritualidad con el dominio físico, Conclusión: Se concluye que las puntuaciones más altas de la paz espiritual demostrado impacto en la calidad de vida mediante la promoción de afrontamiento de la enfermedad.

Extratemporal abnormalities in phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated extratemporal metabolic changes with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). METHOD: 31P-MRS of 33 patients with unilateral MTS was compared with 31 controls. The voxels were selected in the anterior, posterior insula-basal ganglia (AIBG, PIBG) and frontal lobes (FL). Relative values of phosphodiesters- PDE, phosphomonoesters-PME, inorganic phosphate - Pi, phosphocreatine- PCr, total adenosine triphosphate [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] and the ratios PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi and PME/PDE were obtained. RESULTS: We found energetic abnormalities in the MTS patients compared to the controls with Pi reduction bilaterally in the AIBG and ipsilaterally in the PIBG and the contralateral FL; there was also decreased PCr/γ-ATP in the ipsilateral AIBG and PIBG. Increased ATPT in the contralateral AIBG and increased γ-ATP in the ipsilateral PIBG were detected. CONCLUSION: Widespread energy dysfunction was detected in patients with unilateral MTS.

Extratemporal abnormalities in phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis / Anormalidades extratemporais na espectroscopia de fósforo por ressonância magnética em pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal

ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated extratemporal metabolic changes with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Method 31P-MRS of 33 patients with unilateral MTS was compared with 31 controls. The voxels were selected in the anterior, posterior insula-basal ganglia (AIBG, PIBG) and frontal lobes (FL). Relative values of phosphodiesters- PDE, phosphomonoesters-PME, inorganic phosphate - Pi, phosphocreatine- PCr, total adenosine triphosphate [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] and the ratios PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi and PME/PDE were obtained. Results We found energetic abnormalities in the MTS patients compared to the controls with Pi reduction bilaterally in the AIBG and ipsilaterally in the PIBG and the contralateral FL; there was also decreased PCr/γ-ATP in the ipsilateral AIBG and PIBG. Increased ATPT in the contralateral AIBG and increased γ-ATP in the ipsilateral PIBG were detected. Conclusion Widespread energy dysfunction was detected in patients with unilateral MTS.

RESUMO Objetivo Nós avaliamos as alterações metabóblicas através da espectroscopia de fósforo por ressonância magnética (31P-MRS) em pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) unilateral. Método 31P-MRS de 33 pacientes com EMT unilateral foram comparadas aos de 31 controles. Foram selecionados os voxels nas regiões insulonuclear anterior e posterior (RINA e RINP) e frontal (RF). Os valores relativos de fosfodiésteres – PDE, fosfomonoésteres- PME, fosfato inorgânico- Pi, fosfocreatina –PCr, adenosina trifosfato total [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] e as razões PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi e PME/PDE foram obtidas. Resultados Nós encontramos anormalidades em pacientes com EMT em comparação aos controles. Redução de Pi nas RINA bilateralmente, RINP ipsilateral e RF contralateral, redução de PCr/γ-ATP nas RINA e RINP ipsilaterais foram detectadas. Aumentos de ATPT na RINA contralateral e aumento de γ-ATP na RINP ipsilateral também foram encontradas. Conclusão Disfunção energética difusa foi encontrada em pacientes com EMT unilateral.

Perfil audiológico de motoristas agrícolas expostos: ruído e hidrocarbonetos / Audiological profile of agricultural drivers exposed to noise and hydrocarbons

RESUMO Objetivo: Estabelecer o perfil audiológico de motoristas agrícolas expostos, simultaneamente, a ruído e hidrocarbonetos. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários de motoristas com queixas auditivas de uma empresa do ramo agrícola do município de Lençóis Paulista (SP), dentro do Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais (PPRA). As informações analisadas foram: idade, tempo de exposição combinada a ruído e hidrocarbonetos e exames de audiometria tonal liminar de referência. Para a análise da influência da idade e do tempo de exposição sobre os limiares auditivos, ajustaram-se modelos de sobrevivência para dados grupados (riscos proporcionais e logísticos). Resultados: Verificou-se que os efeitos da idade e do tempo de exposição combinada a ruído e hidrocarbonetos foram significativos na perda de audição, nos modelos de riscos proporcionais e logísticos. Conclusão: É fundamental o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a prevenção de perdas auditivas em motoristas agrícolas expostos aos agentes ruído e hidrocarbonetos.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To establish the audiological profile of agricultural drivers simultaneously exposed to noise and hydrocarbons. Methods: The study comprised analysis of the medical records of agricultural drivers with hearing complaints, from an agricultural company of Lençóis Paulista (SP), Brazil, within the Environmental Risk Prevention Program. The information analyzed included age, period of simultaneous exposure to noise and hydrocarbons and testing of reference pure tone audiometry. Survival models for grouped data (proportional risk and logistic) were adjusted to analyze the influence of age and period of exposure of hearing thresholds. Results: It was observed that the effects of age and period of simultaneous exposure to noise and hydrocarbons were significant for hearing loss in proportional risk and logistic models. Conclusion: It is fundamental to develop actions for the prevention of hearing loss in agricultural drivers exposed to the agents noise and hydrocarbons.

Avaliação polissonográfica do sono e vigília de recém-nascidos prematuros / Evaluación polisomnografíca del sueño y vigilia de bebés prematuros / Polysomnography assessment of sleep and wakefulness in premature newborns

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o tempo total de sono e seus respectivos estágios, o tempo total de vigília, os valores da frequência cardíaca, de saturação de oxigênio apresentados pelos recém-nascidos prematuros; verificar a influência dos períodos do dia sobre o sono e os parâmetros fisiológicos. Método: estudo descritivo, conduzido com 13 recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo polissonígrafo e a observação não estruturada, durante 24 horas ininterruptas. Resultados: os recém-nascidos permaneceram 59,6% do dia dormindo, predominantemente em sono quieto, apresentando maior média de frequência cardíaca durante a vigília (p<0,001). Não foi evidenciada diferença entre as variáveis relativas ao sono, parâmetros fisiológicos e os períodos do dia. No período matutino houve predominância do sono quieto (p=0,002). Conclusão: os prematuros tiveram maior tempo total de sono do que vigília, o sono quieto foi o estágio predominante e a frequência cardíaca apresentou-se mais elevada durante a vigília.

RESUMEN Objectivo: describir el tiempo total de sueño y sus estagios, el tiempo total de vigilia, los valores de frecuencia cardiaca y saturación de oxígeno presentado por los bebés prematuros, y la influencia de los períodos del día sobre el sueño y los parámetros fisiológicos. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado con 13 recien nacidos prematuros hospitalizados. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante polisomnografía y la observación no estructurada durante 24 horas, ininterrumpidamente. Resultados: se encontró que los recién nacidos permanecían 59,6% del día durmiendo, predominantemente en el sueño tranquilo, con una mayor frecuencia cardíaca media mientras estaba despierto (p<0,001). No se encontró diferencia entre las variables relacionadas con el sueño, los parámetros fisiológicos y períodos del día, pero por la mañana hubo un predominio de sueño tranquilo (p=0,002). Conclusión: el prematuros tuvieran más tiempo de sueño total que vigilia, el sueño tranquilo fue el estagio predominante y la frecuencia cardíaca fue mayor durante la vigília.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the total sleep time and its stages, total wake time, heart rate values and oxygen saturation shown by premature infants, and the influence of the periods of the day on sleep and physiological parameters. Method: a descriptive study was conducted of 13 hospitalized premature infants. Data collection was performed using polysomnography and unstructured observation for 24 uninterrupted hours. Results: the newborns remained asleep for 59.6% of the day, predominantly in quiet sleep, with a higher mean heart rate during wakefulness (p<0.001). No difference was found between the variables related to sleep, physiological parameters and periods of the day, but in the morning a predominance of quiet sleep was observed (p=0.002). Conclusion: the preterm newborn presented more total sleep time than wakefulness; quiet sleep was the predominant stage, and heart rate was higher during wakefulness.