Assuntos
Bioensaio/tendências , Defesa Civil/tendências , Emergências , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Europa (Continente) , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Relações Interinstitucionais , Modelos Organizacionais , Objetivos Organizacionais , Gestão da Segurança/tendênciasRESUMO
PURPOSE: A European network was initiated in 2012 by 23 partners from 16 European countries with the aim to significantly increase individualized dose reconstruction in case of large-scale radiological emergency scenarios. RESULTS: The network was built on three complementary pillars: (1) an operational basis with seven biological and physical dosimetric assays in ready-to-use mode, (2) a basis for education, training and quality assurance, and (3) a basis for further network development regarding new techniques and members. Techniques for individual dose estimation based on biological samples and/or inert personalized devices as mobile phones or smart phones were optimized to support rapid categorization of many potential victims according to the received dose to the blood or personal devices. Communication and cross-border collaboration were also standardized. To assure long-term sustainability of the network, cooperation with national and international emergency preparedness organizations was initiated and links to radiation protection and research platforms have been developed. A legal framework, based on a Memorandum of Understanding, was established and signed by 27 organizations by the end of 2015. CONCLUSIONS: RENEB is a European Network of biological and physical-retrospective dosimetry, with the capacity and capability to perform large-scale rapid individualized dose estimation. Specialized to handle large numbers of samples, RENEB is able to contribute to radiological emergency preparedness and wider large-scale research projects.
Assuntos
Bioensaio/métodos , Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Emergências , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Objetivos Organizacionais , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The ambiguous terminology 'Iodine Prophylaxis' used for decades to provide iodine to the population for very different purposes as well as its replacement with 'Iodine Thyroid Blocking' is discussed and argued. Recommendations of international organisations regarding the action level for Iodine Thyroid Blocking and their implementation in national regulations in a few Member States of the European Union, and particularly in Hungary, is presented and discussed.
Assuntos
Planejamento em Desastres/legislação & jurisprudência , Radioisótopos do Iodo/efeitos adversos , Iodo/uso terapêutico , Iodeto de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos da radiação , Planejamento em Desastres/métodos , Europa (Continente) , União Europeia , Guias como Assunto , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Hungria , Agências Internacionais , Cooperação Internacional , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , ComprimidosRESUMO
A two-step concept is proposed in order to derive a consistent set of intervention levels for early (sheltering, evacuation) and late (relocation/resettlement, returning) protective actions that have to be considered in radiation emergency planning. In the first step, the dose ratios of the projected effective doses have to be calculated for four defined time periods, which correspond with the integration times for sheltering and relocation. In the second step, it is necessary to adopt an intervention level for one protective action or a more general reference level for a certain time period as, for example, the reference level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 103 in 2007. The adopted intervention level or reference level and the relationships between the projected effective doses are used to derive a consistent set of intervention levels for early and late protective actions. To illustrate the two-step concept, four sets of intervention levels are exemplarily derived for two accidental releases from nuclear power plants.