A nomogram predicting testicular sperm extraction success in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: A multi-center study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop an efficient and easy-to-use nomogram which can predict testicular sperm extraction(TESE) success in men with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA) by using pre-operative parameters. MATERIALS AND METODS: Data of 3093 men who underwent TESE for NOA were included in this study. Demographic data, testis volumes, presence of varicocele, length of infertility, history of previous surgeries, history of genitourinary infections, smoking status, chromosome abnormalities, presence of Y-chromosome microdeletion, family history of infertility, testis biopsy, surgical data, sperm retrieval rate, final pathology obtained at testicular sperm extraction, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone levels were recorded. The primary outcome was to develop an efficient nomogram which can predict the TESE success in men with NOA. The secondary outcomes were identifying the significant pre-operative parameters which are associated with success in TESE. RESULTS: Sperm retrieval rate was 50.2%(1553/3093). Testis volume, history of varicocelectomy, chromosome abnormalities, presence of Y-chromosome microdeletion were shown to affect sperm retrieval rate significantly(p<0.05). Sperm retrieval success was higher in men with older age, higher testis volume(>10mL), lower follicle stimulating hormone level(≤ 12.92mIU/mL), lower luteinizing hormone level, and higher testosterone level(p<0.05). Only testis volume and patient's age were associated with succesful sperm retrieval in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: In men with NOA, high testis volume, old age, low follicle stimulating hormone level, low luteinizing hormone level, and high testosterone level are advantageous for successful sperm retrieval in TESE. Herein we present a nomogram which can predict the outcome of TESE in men with NOA with adequate success.

Evaluation of average penis length and the thoughts of Turkish men and partners. Is surgery necessary?

The purpose of this study was to determine the average penis length and girth among the Turkish population, and to analyse the perspectives of couples. A total of 1703 males and 139 female partners participated in this study. All the participants completed a questionnaire and the flaccid and stretched penis length and girth were recorded. The results showed that the average flaccid penis length was 8.44 ± 2.28 cm and 12.27 ± 2.91 cm stretched, with girth of 8.23 ± 2.07 cm. Regarding the importance of penis size for a satisfying sexual experience, 18.5% of men thought penis length mattered, 9.9% considered thickness important, and 71.6% thought both were significant. A majority of participants, 67.8% of males and 76% of females, expressed that erect penis length was crucial for sexual pleasure. For a healthy sexual intercourse, 19.4% of the female partners emphasized the significance of penis length, 23.7% highlighted thickness, and 56.8% emphasized both factors for a fulfilling sexual relationship. A comparison between men's stretched penis length and the ideal length for partner satisfaction revealed no statistically significant difference (13 (4.8-21) cm vs. 12 (8-20) cm, p = 0.078). The average penis length and girth of Turkish males were found to be similar to the data in studies of this subject in literature. Both the males and their partners thought that erect penis length and girth were important for sexual intercourse. The males considering penis lengthening and thickening procedures should know whether or not their own penis is close to the average values, to avoid undergoing unnecessary surgeries.

Effects of androgen deprivation therapy on cognitive functions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A multicentric, prospective study of the Society of Urological Surgery Andrology group.

AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of testosterone deficiency on cognitive functions in metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS: In this multicentric prospective study, 65 metastatic prostate cancer patients were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, and the Trail Making Test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were recorded before the androgen deprivation therapy and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS: At the basal cognitive assessment, the mean Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised scores were 25.84 ± 17.54, 32.68 ± 10.60, and 17.63 ± 11.23, respectively, and the mean time for the Trail Making Test was 221.56 ± 92.44 seconds, and were similar at the 3-month, and 6-month controls (P > .05). The mean pretreatment, third and sixth month testosterone levels were 381.40 ± 157.53 ng/dL, 21.61 ± 9.09 ng/dL and 12.25 ± 6.45 ng/dL (P < .05), and the total PSA levels were 46.46 ± 37.83 ng/mL, 1.41 ± 3.31 ng/mL and 0.08 ± 0.14 ng/mL (P < .05), respectively. CONCLUSION: The ADT in patients with metastatic prostate cancer does not affect patients' cognitive functions and depressive symptoms. However, further prospective randomised studies with higher cohorts and longer follow-up periods are needed.

Parameters predicting sperm retrieval rates during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the parameters that might have an effect on the success of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in infertile patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Between 2003 and 2014, 860 patients with NOA were retrospectively analysed. The effect of age, infertility duration, history of varicocelectomy, herniorrhaphy or orchiopexy, presence of solitary testis, tobacco use, previous testicular biopsy results, history of orchitis, usage of human chorionic gonadotropin in the past three months, presence of undescended or retractile testis, presence of varicocele, testicular volume, levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and testosterone, presence of Klinefelter syndrome and micro-deletion of Y chromosome on sperm retrieval rates were evaluated. In 45.8% (n = 394) of the patients who underwent micro-TESE, spermatozoon was adequately obtained. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that previous successful testicular biopsy (OR = 15.346; GA = 5.45-43.16; p < .001) and higher testicular volumes significantly increase sperm retrieval rate in micro-TESE. The testicular volume cut-off as 11 ml was found to be the most significant factor. Although currently testicular biopsy result is not being used as a diagnostic method, it is significantly associated with micro-TESE result.

Expression of maspin in testis tumors with germ cells andits relation with angiogenesis factors.

BACKGROUND/AIM: We aimed to evaluate the importance of maspin expression in testicular tumors with germ cells, its effect on prognosis, and the relation with angiogenesis factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paraffin blocks of the orchiectomy materials of 32 patients who had undergone orchiectomy due to testicular tumors were taken within the scope of the study. The specimens of the cases included in the study group were reexamined under light microscope. RESULTS: While just one maspin-positive sample was found in the seminoma cases, maspin stained positively in 6 of the nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). No statistical difference was found between maspin and tumor stage, size, alpha fetoprotein values, vascular endothelial growth factor, Ki-67, and CD31. A statistically positive correlation was only determined between maspin and p53 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Maspin protein, whose expression in some tumors is accepted as a poor prognostic factor, is also expressed in testicular tumors with germ cells. However, according to our study, it is difficult to say whether this protein is a favorable or poor prognostic factor in testicular tumors and to understand how the effect mechanism works. The positive correlation between maspin and p53 in the NSGCTs makes us think that maspin might have displayed an effect on the p53 pathway.

Comparison of Cajal-like cells in pelvis and proximal ureter of kidney with and without hydronephrosis

Objectives: To evaluate effects of Cajal-like cells on human renal pelvis and proximal ureter on peristalsis. Materials and Methods: 63 patients submitted to nephrectomy due to atrophic non-functional kidney associated with hydroureteronephrosis were included as study group and 30 cases with nephrectomy due to other reasons were included as control group. Samples from renal pelvis and proximal ureters were obtained and sections of 5μ form paraffin blocks of these samples were prepared; layers of lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were examined by immune-histochemistry using CD117 in order to determine count and distribution of Cajal-like cells. Results: During immune-histochemical examinations of sections, obtained from renal pelvis and proximal ureter of hydronephrotic kidneys by CD117, Cajal-like cells number determined in lamina propria and muscularis propria was statistically significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). Distribution of Cajal-like cells in renal pelvis and proximal tubulus was similar under examination by light microscope, and also both groups were not different from each other regarding staining intensity of Cajal-like cells by c-kit. Conclusion: Significantly reduced number of Cajal-like cells in study group compared to control group, shows that these cells may have a key role in regulation of peristalsis at level of renal pelvis and proximal ureter in urinary system.

Comparison of Cajal-like cells in pelvis and proximal ureter of kidney with and without hydronephrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of Cajal-like cells on human renal pelvis and proximal ureter on peristalsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 patients submitted to nephrectomy due to atrophic non-functional kidney associated with hydroureteronephrosis were included as study group and 30 cases with nephrectomy due to other reasons were included as control group. Samples from renal pelvis and proximal ureters were obtained and sections of 5µ form paraffin blocks of these samples were prepared; layers of lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were examined by immune-histochemistry using CD117 in order to determine count and distribution of Cajal-like cells. RESULTS: During immune-histochemical examinations of sections, obtained from renal pelvis and proximal ureter of hydronephrotic kidneys by CD117, Cajal-like cells number determined in lamina propria and muscularis propria was statistically significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). Distribution of Cajal-like cells in renal pelvis and proximal tubulus was similar under examination by light microscope, and also both groups were not different from each other regarding staining intensity of Cajal-like cells by c-kit. CONCLUSION: Significantly reduced number of Cajal-like cells in study group compared to control group, shows that these cells may have a key role in regulation of peristalsis at level of renal pelvis and proximal ureter in urinary system.

Effect of intraoperative paracetamol on catheter-related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: The insertion of urinary catheters during urinary surgical interventions may lead to catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of single-dose intravenous paracetamol on CRBD. METHODS: In this randomized, controlled, double-blind study, 64 patients (age >18 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I-II) requiring urinary bladder catheterization for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were assigned to groups that received either intravenous paracetamol (15 mg/kg) (group P) or NaCl 0.9% solution (control group [group C]) 30 minutes before the end of surgery. Patients received patient-controlled analgesia (10-mg bolus of meperidine, without infusion, 20-minute lock out) postoperatively. CRBD and pain status were assessed at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively. Postoperative meperidine requirement and patient and surgeon satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS: Group P had significantly lower CRBD scores at all time points except at 12 hours postoperatively compared with group C (P < 0.05). Total meperidine consumption was significantly higher in group C (P < 0.05). Patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were significantly higher in group P (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative single-dose paracetamol was found to be effective in reducing the severity of CRBD and pain in urologic surgery. We suggest that it may be an efficient, reliable, easy-to-apply drug for CRBD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01652183.

Factors affecting complication rates of ureteroscopic lithotripsy in children: results of multi-institutional retrospective analysis by Pediatric Stone Disease Study Group of Turkish Pediatric Urology Society.

PURPOSE: We evaluated factors affecting complication rates of ureteroscopy for pediatric ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 642 children who underwent ureteroscopy at 16 Turkish centers between 2000 and 2010. Semirigid ureteroscopy was used with various calibers to treat 670 ureteral units in 660 sessions. Complications were evaluated according to the Satava and Clavien classification systems. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine predictive factors affecting complication rates. RESULTS: A total of 367 females and 265 males were studied. Mean±SD patient age was 90.2±51.4 months (range 4 to 204). Mean±SD stone size, operative time and postoperative hospital stay were 8.9±4.7 mm, 45.8±23.8 minutes and 1.8±2.8 days, respectively. At a mean±SD followup of 13.3±17.6 months 92.8% of patients were stone-free and efficacy quotient was 90.3%. Complications, which occurred in 8.4% of patients (54 of 642), were intraoperative in 25 (Satava grade I to II in 22), early postoperative in 25 (Clavien grade I to II in 23) and late postoperative in 4 (all grade III). While operative time, age, institutional experience, orifice dilation, stenting and stone burden were statistically significant on univariate analysis, multivariate analysis revealed that operative time was the only statistically significant parameter affecting the complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: Semirigid ureteroscopy is effective, with a 90% stone-free rate and efficacy quotient. Most complications are low grade and self-limiting. Our results confirm that prolonged operative time is an independent predictor of complications, and should be considered when choosing and performing the treatment modality.

Which factors may effect urinary leakage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors that may effect urinary leakage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-three patients who underwent PCNL were reviewed retrospectively. The factors that may lead to leakage after surgery were analyzed as categorized into four groups according to individual variables (age, sex, body mass index); renal factors (previous surgery, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy history, presence of hydronephrosis); stone burden; and surgical features (access number, type of dilatation, presence of nephrostomy catheter). These data were compared for the presence and duration of urinary leakage. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between individual factors and both the presence of leak (POL) and the duration of leak (DOL) (P > 0.05). Among renal factors, only presence and degree of hydronephrosis was significantly correlated with POL (P < 0.001) and DOL (P < 0.001). The mean cumulative stone burden neither had impact on POL nor correlated with DOL (P > 0.05). Among surgical factors, dilatation with a Nephromax dilator significantly increased incidence of POL when compared with an Amplatz dilator (P < 0.001), yet did not change DOL. Using an internal ureteral stent significantly decreased incidence of POL and DOL (P < 0.001). DOL increased with catheter diameter and stay time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Several yet simple factors appear to be effective in postoperative urine leakage from the access sites after percutaneous stone surgery. Precautions may also be simple if these factors are considered preoperatively.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn kidney stones in elderly patients.

PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy operations for treatment of staghorn kidney stone disease in elderly patients and compared surgical parameters and outcomes with a control group of young adult patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Between 2002 and 2010, 300 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation for treatment of staghorn kidney stone disease. Forty-five of the patients were older than 65 years and considered to be in elderly group. Thirty-seven of the patients were between the ages 18 and 36 years and considered to be the control group. Surgical parameters and outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups for stone area, operation time, difference in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery, blood transfusion rate, and length of hospital (P = 0.230, P = 0.106, P = 0.395, P = 0.691, and P = 0.690, respectively). Success rates after the operations were 53% in elderly group and 38% in young adult group. The difference for the outcomes of the operations was statistically insignificant (P = 0.365). Thirty-three (73%) of the patients had associated comorbid diseases in elderly group, while no patients had any comorbid disease in control group. Statistical analyses revealed no significant relation between the presence of comorbid diseases or ipsilateral renal surgery with success rate of the operation in the elderly group (P = 0.26 and P = 0.222, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The management of kidney stone disease by percutaneous nephrolithotomy in elderly patients is an adequate treatment modality even in the presence of complete staghorn calculi, comorbid diseases or previous ipsilateral renal surgery.

Ureteral avulsion due to lumbar disc hernia repair.

Ureteral avulsion due to lumbar disc surgery is a rare complication and to our knowledge, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with right lumbar pain following spinal surgery for discopathy. Complete right ureteral avulsion was detected and successfully treated by end-to-end anastomosis of the ureter with an internal double J stent.

Maspin expression in renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between maspin expression and prognostic parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with relevance to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density. METHODS: One-hundred twenty-four patients with RCC of varying histologic types who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were studied. The mean age of the patients was 59.4 years (range, 28-84). Maspin, VEGF, and microvessel density were studied by the universal avidin-biotin complex peroxidase method. Sections of 5-µm thickness were taken from paraffin blocks for immunohistochemical study. Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining were scored for maspin as negative and positive for all tumor cells. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic maspin expression was positive in 51 (41.1%) patients. Nuclear maspin expression was not seen in any of the materials. Maspin expression decreased as tumor size increased (P = .036) without any specific relation to tumor subtypes (P = .583), and decreased as the pathologic stages increased without reaching statistical significance (P = .053). There were no correlations between maspin positivity and either VEGF expression or microvessel density. CONCLUSIONS: In RCC, maspin expression is reduced with increased tumor size. Studies with larger series may be contributory in defining the role of maspin expression in RCC. Moreover, regulation of maspin expression genes appears to have the potential to lead to new treatment approaches.

Factors affecting the success of ureteroscopy in management of ureteral stone diseases in children.

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated the factors that affect the success of rigid ureteroscopy in the pediatric population for the management of pediatric ureteral stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a retrospective review of 61 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent 66 rigid ureteroscopy procedures for ureteral stone management. The effects of sex, age, stone diameter, stone localization, and degree of associated ureterohydronephrosis (UHN) on the success of ureteroscopy were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 8.1 years (range 6 mos-16 yrs). The average stone diameter was 8.22 mm (range 4-20 mm). In 56 cases (84.8%), all of the stones were extracted. In five (7.6%) cases, clinically significant residual fragments were detected and extracted by second-look ureteroscopy. In five cases (7.6%), the operations ended in failure. The final stone clearance rate after ureteroscopic stone treatment was higher in lower ureteral stones then in middle and upper ureteral stones; thus, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.011). Also, there is a significant negative correlation between stone size and success rate (P = 0.007). The final stone clearance rate after ureteroscopic stone treatment was higher in patients with no and mild UHN than in patients with moderate and severe UHN, but the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.118). Statistical analyses revealed no significant relationship between success rates with regard to the sex and age of the patients (P = 0.643 for sex, P = 0.390 for age). CONCLUSION: The stone localization and stone size are the factors that affect the success of the procedure.

Long-term renal function and stone recurrence after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with renal insufficiency.

PURPOSE: We analyzed long-term results after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with impaired renal function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen (6.3%) of 300 patients who underwent PCNL had serum creatinine values above 1.4 mg/dL before surgery and were considered to have impaired renal function. Success rate of operation, recurrence rate, and renal functional status were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 51.1 +/- 10.1 months. Sixteen patients completed the study, but three patients were lost to follow-up. The results of the operation were as follows: stone free in 50%, clinically insignificant residual fragments in 25%, and clinically significant residual fragments in 25% of the patients. Mean serum creatinine value was 2.30 +/- 0.56 mg/dL before surgery and 2.67 +/- 1.41 mg/dL at the end of follow-up (p = 0.386). Creatinine values decreased to normal range in six patients (37.5%). Six patients (37.5%) had stable renal function (creatinine: 1.4-4 mg/dL). Creatinine values increased (>4 mg/dL) in four patients (25%) who required renal replacement therapy. Three new patients progressed to end-stage renal failure. These three had insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus and one also had solitary kidney and atherosclerosis. Two patients (12.5%) had recurrences, one of these had hypercalciuria, and the other had infection stone. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that most patients presenting with kidney-stone disease and renal insufficiency experience improvement or stabilization of renal function after PCNL. The patients with solitary kidney and those with conditions such as diabetes and atherosclerosis might be at greater risk for deterioration of renal function. Patients with metabolic abnormalities and infection stones might be at higher risk for recurrence.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general versus combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

PURPOSE: We analyzed the results of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for management of kidney stone disease under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and compared surgical parameters and outcomes with a matched control group who underwent PCNL under general anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 82 patients were studied in two groups. Group 1 (n = 45) consisted of the patients who underwent general anesthesia, and group 2 (n = 37) comprised those who received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. RESULTS: The mean ages of patients in groups 1 and 2 were 45 +/- 15 and 44 +/- 15 years, respectively. The mean areas of the stones in groups 1 and 2 were 734 +/- 386 mm(2) and 731 +/- 394 mm(2), respectively. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 among surgical parameters, including age, stone area, operative time, irrigation fluids, fluoroscopy time, delta hemoglobin, and hospitalization time (P = 0.439). At the end of the surgery, stone-free rates were 76% in group 1 and 81% in group 2; clinically insignificant residue fragments rates were 24% in group 1 and 19% in group 2. The difference was statistically insignificant between the groups (P = 0.543). CONCLUSIONS: We consider that combined spinal-regional anesthesia is a feasible technique in PCNL operations because the efficacy and safety were not affected. Further investigations with larger series are needed.

Effects of vas deferens obstruction on Cajal-like cells in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Cajal cells have been defined as pacemakers in the gastrointestinal tract, and have recently been reported in the urogenital tract. In this study, the effects of experimental obstruction of the vas deferens on Cajal-like cells in rats were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety rats were divided into study (S), sham-operated (SH) and control (C) groups. The vasa deferentia were removed at the beginning of the study in the C group and in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months after distal vas deferens ligation in the SH and S groups (S1, S2 and S3 consecutively). The sections stained with c-kit antibody were studied under a light microscope to determine the number and morphology of Cajal-like cells in the submucosal and muscular layers. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the C, S1 and S2 groups despite a higher mean in S1. The decrease in the mean values for the submucosal and muscular layers in S3 was statistically significant compared to the C group. No morphologically significant difference was detected under a light microscope after obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in Cajal-like cells in the early phase, although insignificant, might be associated with increased motility to overcome the obstruction, whereas the significant decrease in the late phase might be a sign of disordered motility.

The effects of ureteral obstruction on Cajal-like cells in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in number and morphology of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-like cells (ICC-LC) at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) of rats after experimental distal ureteral obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of a total of 109 rats, 20 served as controls (C), 20 underwent sham-operations (SH) and 69 were in the study (S) groups. The UPJs were extracted initially in the C and SH groups, and 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days after ligation of the distal ureter in the study groups (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively). The sections stained by c-kit anticore were studied under a light microscope. RESULTS: The mean number of ICC-LC was 4.55+/-2.21 in C, 5.15+/-3.51 in SH, 7.40+/-6.88 in S1, 21.16+/-19.03 in S2, 12.63+/-8.16 in S3, 10.40+/-5.09 in S4, and 10.9+/-6.33 in S5. There was a statistically significant increase in ICC-LC in the study groups, except S1, compared to the C and SH groups. No significant difference was detected in Cajal cell morphology and distribution pattern between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the changes in number of ICC-LC at the UPJ after obstruction of the distal ureter compared with the limited data available in the literature, we suggest that ICC-LC have a close relationship with motility of the ureter.

Adult cystic nephroma: a case report and a review of the literature.

A 23-year old women who underwent radical nephrectomy due to right renal mass is presented. The histopathological examination is reported as adult cystic nephroma, a rare benign lesion of the kidney. The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, histopathological features, and treatment alternatives are discussed and the literature is reviewed.