Determination of safety margin of nasal septum osteotomy for sphenoid sinus in cleft lip and palate patients.

BACKGROUND: Nasal septum osteotomy is used for separating the nasal septum and maxilla during a Le Fort I osteotomy. If this osteotomy is applied too high or is tilted into the nasal cavity, the sphenoid sinus and various adjacent vital structures may be damaged, and serious bleeding, neurological complications, blindness or even death may occur. The aim of this study is to determine the safety margin of the nasal septum osteotomy for sphenoid sinus during the Le Fort I surgery in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. METHODS: Twenty cleft lip and palate (the CLP group) and 20 healthy individuals (the control group) were included in this study. Three values (two lines and an angle) were measured by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The first line is the line passing through the junction of the spina nasalis anterior point and the lower point of the perpendicular lamina of the palatine bone. The undersired line is the line passing through the junction of the spina nasalis anterior point and the lower anterior border of the base of the sphenoid sinus. The osteotomy angle is the angle between these two lines. RESULTS: In the control group; a surgical line of 44.11-61.14 mm (mean 51.91 ± 4.32), an undesired line of 52.48-69.58 mm (mean 59.14 ± 5.08) and an angle of 18.22-27.270 (mean 22.66 ± 2.55) were found, while in the CLP group, a surgical line of 34.53-51.16 mm (mean 43.38 ± 4.79), an undesired line of 46.86-61.35 mm (mean 55.02 ± 3.24) and an angle of 17.60-28.810 (mean 22.60 ± 2.81) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although the angle to the sphenoid sinus was not significantly affected by CLP, careful planning and consideration of these anatomical differences are crucial to prevent complications and ensure the safety of Le Fort I surgery in CLP patients. Further research with larger sample sizes and subgroup analysis of unilateral and bilateral CLP cases is needed to improve our understanding of these anatomical variations and improve surgical approaches to individuals with CLP undergoing orthognathic procedures.

Nasopharynx evaluation in children of unilateral cleft palate patients and normal with cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of the nasopharynx in unilateral Cleft lip/palate (CL/P) children and non-cleft children using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: A retrospective study consisted of 54 patients, of which 27 patients were unilateral CL/P, remaining 27 patients have no CL/P. Eustachian tubes orifice (ET), Rosenmuller fossa (RF) depth, presence of pharyngeal bursa (PB), the distance of posterior nasal spine (PNS)-pharynx posterior wall were quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS: The main effect of the CL/P groups was found to be effective on RF depth-right (p < 0.001) and RF depth-left (p < 0.001). The interaction effect of gender and CL/P groups was not influential on measurements. The cleft-side main effect was found to be effective on RF depth-left (p < 0.001) and RF depth-right (p = 0002). There was no statistically significant relationship between CL/P groups and the presence of bursa pharyngea. CONCLUSIONS: Because it is the most common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the anatomy of the nasopharynx should be well known in the early diagnosis of NPC.

3D Evaluation of the Relationship between Different Vertical Growth Patterns and Cranial Base Angulations.

Objective This study aimed to compare cranial base angulations in subjects with high-angle, low-angle, and normal-angle vertical growth patterns using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design This study is a retrospective clinical research. Settings This study was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. Participants According to skeletal vertical face growth patterns, 78 subjects (48 females and 30 males, average age: 13.19 ± 1.73 years) were divided equally into three groups: high angle, low angle, and normal angle groups. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometric images were derived from CBCT, and patients were classified according to the SN-GoGn angle (sella-nasion, gonion gnathion angle). Sagittal, axial, and coronal cranial base angulations were measured in three-dimensional (3D) CBCT images. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests. Results There were statistically significant differences between the low-angle and high-angle groups according to sagittal cranial base angulation parameters ( p = 0.01). Conversely, there were no statistically significant differences between vertical facial growth patterns according to coronal and axial cranial angle variables ( p > 0.05). Conclusion According to the study results, there were no effects of cranial base angulations in two planes (coronal and axial) on different vertical skeletal growth patterns. In the sagittal cranial base angulation parameter, the high-angle group showed greater angulation values than the low-angle group. CBCT may be helpful for evaluating, diagnosing, and predicting 3D cranial base differences.

Factors associated with Internet addiction: Cross-sectional study of Turkish adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), and the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and IA in adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional school-based study with a representative sample of 468 students aged 12-17 years at the first trimester of the 2013-2014 academic year. The students were assessed using Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Conners' Parent Rating Scale, Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, Hollingshead-Redlich Scale, and the information form including characteristics of Internet use and socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship between these factors and Internet use was examined. RESULTS: Approximately 1.6% of students were identified as having IA, whereas 16.2% had possible IA. There were significant correlations between IA and depression, anxiety, attention disorder and hyperactivity symptoms in adolescents. Smoking was also related to IA. There was no significant relationship between IA and age, sex, body mass index, school type, and SES. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, anxiety, ADHD and smoking addiction are associated with PIU in adolescent students. Preventive public health policies targeting the psychological wellbeing of young people are needed.

Nivel de conocimiento, actitud y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud respecto de la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad de Turquía: Estudio transversal / Knowledge level, attitude and own experience of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk in a city of Turkey: Cross-sectional study

Introducción. El consenso mundial acerca de la lactancia materna es que el bebé debe ser exclusivamente amamantado hasta los seis meses de vida. A pesar de ello, la tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva es baja durante los primeros seis meses de vida en muchos países, incluida Turquía. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las experiencias de los profesionales sanitarios en relación con la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad metropolitana de Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Los sujetos del estudio fueron profesionales de la salud que trabajaban en hospitales universitarios, hospitales de formación e investigación, hospitales públicos y privados, centros de servicios para niños, adolescentes, mujeres y de servicios de salud reproductiva, centros de salud general y centros de salud comunitarios ubicados en Ankara. Los datos se recogieron por medio de un cuestionario. El programa SPSS 11.5 se utilizó para el análisis estadístico. Resultados. En total, 715 personas participaron en este estudio. Entre los que tenían hijos propios, el 3,4% (n= 16) no había amamantado a sus bebés y el 7,6% (n= 36) había amamantado a sus bebés hasta el segundo año de vida. Se observó que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la lactancia y la lecha materna era deficiente en el 28,4% de los participantes, promedio en el 43,1% y adecuado en el 28,5%. Conclusión. Este estudio refleja la falta de conocimiento acerca de la lactancia y la leche materna entre los profesionales de la salud de Turquía. Si bien la gran mayoría de los participantes están de acuerdo con la recomendación de la OMS acerca de la duración de la lactancia materna, el porcentaje de profesionales de la salud que amamantaron durante el período recomendado fue muy bajo.

Introduction: Worldwide consensus about breastfeeding is that the infant should exclusively be breastfed until six months of life. Despite this, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of age is low in so many countries including Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, the attitudes and the own experiences of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk, in a metropolitan city in Turkey. Materials and methods: This study was performed between July 2012 and December 2013. Study subjects included healthprofessionals working in the university hospitals, research and training hospitals, public and private hospitals; child, adolescent, women and reproductive health services centers, family health centers, and community health centers located in Ankara. A questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 11.5 package program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 715 people participated in this study. From those who had children themselves 3.4% (n= 16) had not breastfed their babies at all, and 7.6% (n= 36) had breastfed their baby until second year of age. It was found that 28.4% of the participants had poor, 43.1% had average and 28.5% had good knowledge level about breastfeeding and breast milk. Conclusion: This study reflects the lack of knowledge about breastfeeding and breast milk among the health professionals in Turkey. Although a great majority of participants agree the recommendation of WHO about the duration ofbreastfeeding, the percentage ofbreastfeeding of health care professionals during recommended period was very low.

Lone, Mobile Left Atrial Hydatid Cyst.

Echinococcosis is endemic in various regions of Turkey. Cardiac involvement in echinococcosis is rare, and lone cardiac hydatid cysts are even more unusual. Because cardiac hydatid disease can be fatal, even asymptomatic patients are optimally referred for surgical treatment. We present a rare case of a lone, primary, mobile hydatid cyst in the left atrium of a 62-year-old woman. The cyst caused dyspnea from left ventricular inflow obstruction. In addition to reporting the patient's fatal case, we discuss cardiac hydatid cysts in terms of the scant medical literature.

Opinions of the Turkish population on cancer and being informed of the diagnosis of cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: An opinion survey was conducted to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the Turkish population regarding cancer if they or one of their family members were to receive a diagnosis of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The opinion survey was completed by 6566 subjects and consisted of questions about the demographics of the participants and their overall opinions about cancer. The other points of the investigation asked whether they would inform relatives who had cancer about the diagnosis and whether they would prefer to be informed if they were the one with the cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 33 years (range: 18-100) and 53.3% were male. It was found that 57.7% of the participants would prefer not to disclose a cancer diagnosis to their first-degree relatives. The diagnosis had been disclosed to relatives with cancer in 69.9% of cases. When asked about their overall opinion of cancer management, 76.5% of participants were optimistic, 16.3% were pessimistic, and 2.9% had mixed opinions. CONCLUSION: This study represents one of the largest surveys done in Turkey to identify the thoughts of healthy people about cancer and their opinion on informing their relatives about the diagnosis if the relatives have cancer. It is comparable with reports from East Europe and Asian countries.

Management of ankle sprains during pregnancy: evaluation of 96 cases.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to suggest a safe management method for the diagnosis and treatment of ankle sprains in pregnant patients. METHODS: Between November 2005 and January 2013, 96 pregnant patients with ankle sprains referred to the department of orthopedics and traumatology were evaluated, retrospectively. The Ottawa ankle rules were used to assess the need for radiologic evaluation. Radiological procedures: Surface USG, X-ray (0,6 mGy, mortise view), MRI (T1 and STIR) and fluoroscopy with 0,8 mGy/s doses 0,4 ms single shot views in surgery room. The results of the operated patients were evaluated with AOFAS scoring system. RESULTS: Forty-four (45,8%) patients were treated with conservative methods and there was no need for radiological evaluation. USG was used in 17 (17,7%), MRI in 24 (25%), X-ray in 4 (4,1%) and both USG and MRI in 7 (7,2%) patients during diagnosis. An algorithm was created for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant patients with ankle sprains. No complications due to radiological and surgical procedures occurred over pregnancies. The AOFAS score was 83 (65-100) in the operated patients. CONCLUSION: There is no standard management method for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant patients with ankle sprains. The algorithm presented in this study may be useful. Good results can be obtained with an appropriate preparation and surgical technique.

Determination of mercury, cadmium, lead, zinc, selenium and iron by ICP-OES in mushroom samples from around thermal power plant in Mugla, Turkey.

Scleroderma verrucosum, Stropharia coronilla, Lactarius deterrimus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Russula delica, Laccaria laccata, Clitocybe odora var. alba, Lyophyllum decastes, Coprinus comatus, Helvella leucomelaena, Melanoleuca cognata, Melanoleuca cognata, Paxina acetabulum, Clitocybe vermicularis, Sarcosphaera crassa, Rhizopogon roseolu and Thelephora caryophyllea were collected from different localities in Mugla-Yatagan region of Turkey. Their trace metals concentrations were determined by ICPOES after microwave digestion. The results were 0.37 ± 0.01-5.28 ± 0.21 for cadmium, 467 ± 19-3,280 ± 131 for iron, 0.69 ± 0.03-9.15 ± 0.37 for lead, 18.70 ± 0.75-67.10 ± 2.68 for selenium, 75 ± 3-213 ± 8 for zinc and 0.15 ± 0.01-0.55 ± 0.01 for mercury (as µg/g). The detection limits for ICPOES were found as 0.25 for Cadmium, 0.2 for iron, 0.1 for lead, 0.5 for selenium, 0.2 for zinc and 0.03 for mercury (as mg L(-1)). The Relatively Standard Deviations (R.S.D.) were found below 4.0%. The accuracy of procedure was confirmed by certified reference material.

Tobacco use among youth and related characteristics, Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: To provide nationally representative data on smoking prevalence of Turkish adolescents; to examine their knowledge, attitude and exposure to tobacco. METHODS: A school-based representative survey of adolescents (13-15 years) was conducted within the frame of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). 15957 students were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method and completed an internationally standardized questionnaire on tobacco use and related factors. RESULTS: About one-third of students had already experienced smoking and 10% were current smokers. Rate of exposure to passive smoking was high both in current smokers (89.0%) and never smokers (79.2%). More than one-third of current smokers had intended to quit. Susceptibility to initiate smoking was fairly high among never smokers, especially in boys (9.1% versus 5.8%). Considerable proportions of both never, and current smokers had positive attitude toward tobacco use. Half of the students had no school curriculum about the effects of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence among Turkish adolescents is alarmingly high and the gender gap is closing. A relevant legislation is a must for success in tobacco control but should be combined by other effective prevention and cessation programs.